• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.48
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• pp.63-89
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• 2009

The contents provided by the terrestrial broadcasters have governed the market based on their excellent quality in Korea. In spite of the launching of various pay TV services focusing on multi-channel, it is not yet easy to find out the substitutionary pay TV channels for the terrestrial. Therefore, the real time retransmission of the terrestrial channels brings about the crucial effects on the pay TV's competency, especially on the new media as the invisible barrier. So it is frequently proposed to change the aim of the retransmission policy from the universal access to the promotion of media industries. The retransmission can be divided into two types as the must carry and retransmission consent. In Korean situation, keeping or reducing the must carry channel would be appropriate rather than expanding them. However, periodic investigation into the public effects of the must carry is necessary, instead of it. Moreover, the rational and fair monetary compensation for the commercial channels(MBC, SBS, KBS2) is arising as the bottle neck in the retransmission agreements between the broadcasters. The conjoint analysis was carried out to estimate the welfare growth from the retransmission, based on the stated preference from the audiences' point of view. For must carry channels, it was certified as the 'win-win' strategy for both sides and audiences. For the commercial channels, it is revealed to be beneficial to the audiences. Thereafter, the standards for the rational price were suggested to promote the retransmission. This can contribute for inspiring the dynamic vitality to the media industry by reinforcing the contents competencies and for establishing the long term growth strategies.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-100
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• 2005

This study attempts to empirically investigate the respondents' preference uncertainty involved in stating their willingness to pay (WTP). In the contingent valuation (CV) survey, we employed two approaches using two split samples. The respondents of one sample were given the opportunity to express intensity of preference through polychotomous choice (PC) WTP question. Those of the other sample were given a follow-up question of confidence measure (0~100%). By incorporating the two elicited degrees of preference uncertainty into examining the WTP responses, we take a comparison of the two approaches in terms of the goodness-of-fit of the examination and the efficiency of the mean WTP estimates. In comparing the DC model with the PC models, the DC model provides more efficient estimates. Moreover, the conventional DC model give some gains in terms of the goodness-of-fit and efficiency in comparing with the PC model most similar to this model. In this specific study, incorporating the preference uncertainty in DC model results greater estimates than conventional DC model without loss of goodness-of-fit and efficiency. This implies that the consideration of preference uncertainty on DC model could correct underestimating. We conclude that DC model provides a better estimate of WTP and preference uncertainty could be a critical information on the DC-CV estimation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.401-407
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the preferences to yacht tourism and perceptions to importance of yacht tourism industry's activation strategies from consumers perspectives. In order to such a purpose, this study employed survey methodology with a total of 300 visitors to yacht facility and beach located in B metropolitan city. With 265 usable questionnaires, data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Accordingly, following findings were derived from current study. First, 32% of participants had yacht tourism experiences and more than 64% of them had willing to purchase yacht tourism products in the future, which indicates optimistic increases in yacht tourism demand. In addition, amount of willingness to pay for yacht tourism was less than 100 thousand Won per day. Second, the most preferred product was a yacht training and experience program, and preferred time for yacht tourism was weekend and or vacation with the period of one day or one night and two days. The main motivation was to spend leisure time and enjoyment with accompanying persons of family or friend members. Third, consumers' restriction factors included high expenditures, time consuming and lack of various yacht tourism products but their selection attributes included low expenditures, associated tourism products and quality of yacht tourism products. Finally, the most important activation strategies included the development of yacht tourism products, building yacht tourism conditions and establishing marketing strategies, but the least important activation strategies from consumers views included policies, experts and facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.822-822
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• 2012

본 연구는 상류의 개발행위와 더불어 현재 수질관리의 기준이 되는 오염총량관리제를 대상으로 '규모의 경제'의 논리를 따른다는 가정 하에, 지자체간에 협조를 통해 비용을 절감하여 서로 혜택을 볼 수 있도록 상 하류 지자체와 중앙정부 등 관련 당사자들 간의 비용배분 방안을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해서 광주광역시에 위치한 평동산업단지와 영본B, 영본C를 대상으로 광주, 전남, 중앙정부를 이해당사자로 하여 협조적 상황 하에서 대상 비용배분 문제를 정의하였고, 협조적 게임이론에 근거한 SCRB법 및 샤플리법을 적용하여 비용배분 결과를 제시하였다. 우선 광주와 전남이 각각 삭감해야 할 오염량을 산정하고, 해당 삭감량 만큼 처리하기 위한 하수처리시설의 규모를 설정하였다. 또한 하수처리시설의 건설비와 하수관거 공사비, 유지관리비를 산정하였으며, 하수처리시설의 내용연수인 20년간의 총비용을 2010년 현재가치 기준으로 산정하였다. 상 하류 지자체가 공동으로 대처할 경우 20년간 총비용은 416,311.8 백만원, 개별로 대처할 경우 464,439.6 백만원이며, 공동 대처가 42,359.3 백만원이 절감되므로 양 지자체 모두 협조적 게임에 응할 기본배경은 성립되었다. SCRB법에 의한 지자체별 비용배분율을 산정 결과, 광주 74.24%, 전남 25.76%로 산정되었으며, 2001～2010년 하수도 세입현황을 기준으로 중앙정부의 지원 비율은 10년간 최소 23.98%, 평균 29.22%, 최대 34.17%로, 각각의 비율별로 중앙정부, 광주, 전남의 비용분담액을 도출하였다. 본 논문에서는 개략적으로 비용을 산정하였으나 오염총량관리 사업은 막대한 예산을 필요로 하기 때문에 실제로 두 지자체가 협조하여 비용배분을 하게 된다면 하수처리시설의 수질개선효과, 하수처리시설 위치선정, 사업비용 등을 세밀하게 분석해야 할 것이다. 본 논문은 오염총량관리제에서 제시하는 목표수질을 대상으로 하였으나, 지자체의 정책에 따라 친수활동 증대와 생태 자연환경 개선 등과 같은 수질개선에 따른 간접적인 효과를 고려하여 오염 총량관리제의 목표수질보다 더 나은 수질을 원할 수도 있을 것이다. 협조적 게임의 상황을 복잡하게 하여 해결 가능성이 낮아질 수 있으나, 수질개선에 의한 다양한 효과를 편익으로 산정할 수 있다면 이를 협조적 게임에 적용하여 전반적인 수질개선에 대한 지자체의 적극적 활동을 유도할 수도 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.93-102
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• 2016

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) system, bi-direction power trading technology, enables drivers possessing electric vehicle to sell the spare electricity charged in the vehicle to power distribution company. The drivers gain profit by charging electricity in the day time of high electricity rate. In this regard, the government is preparing the policies of building and supporting V2G infrastructure and demanding the potential consumers' preference for the V2G system. This paper attempts to analyze the consumers' preference using the data from obtained a survey of randomly selected 1,000 individuals. To this end, choice experiment, an economic technique, is employed here. The attributes considered in the study are residual amount of electricity, electricity trading hours, required plug-in time, and price measured as an amount additional to current gasoline vehicle price. The multinomial logit model, which requires the assumption of 'independence of irrelevant alternatives', is applied but the assumption could not be satisfied in our data. Thus, we finally utilized nested logit model which does not require the assumption. All the parameter estimates in the utility function are statistically significant at the 10% level. The estimation results show that the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for one hour increase in electricity trading hours is estimated to be KRW 1,601,057. On the other hand, a one percent reduction in residual amount of electricity and one hour reduction in required plug-in time in V2G system are computed to be KRW -91,911 and -470,619, respectively. The findings can provide policy makers with useful information for decision-making about introducing and managing V2G system.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2019

This study confirms the responses of consumers when the composition of emoticon bundles can be selected by individuals in MIM service. This aims to verify that customized bundling is a valid marketing strategy in the MIM emoticon market. Currently, the emoticon bundling used in Korean MIM services is in the form of pure bundling. As a result, Consumers must purchase an entire bundle even though he/she doesn't need to use all the emoticons contained in it. Some researches(e.g. Hitt & Chen, 2005; Wu & Anandalingam, 2002) show that when consumers value only part of the products or services included in pure bundling, customized bundling is much more profitable. In their works, customized bundling is appropriate when marginal costs are near zero. Information goods, such as emoticons, meet the condition. On the other hand, customized bundling increase the choosable options, so it can pose a problem of complexity (Blecker et al., 2004). And consumers may experience information overload(Huffman & Kahn, 1998). Thus, judgement on the necessity to introduce customized bundling needs to be made through empirical analyses in the light of characteristics of the product and the reaction of consumers. Results show that when customized bundling was introduced, consumers' purchase intention and willingness to pay significantly increased. Purchase intention for customized bundles has increased by 0.44 based on the five point Likert scale than the purchase intention for existing pure bundles. The increase in purchase intention for customized bundles was statistically independent of the existing purchasing experience. In addition, the willingness to pay was increased by about 2.8% compared to the price of the existing emoticon bundles in the whole group. The group with experience in purchasing pure bundles were willing to pay 5.9% more than pure bundles. The other group without experience in purchasing pure bundles were willing to buy if they were about 5% cheaper than the existing price. Overall, introducing customized bundling into emoticon bundles can lead to positive consumers responses and be a viable marketing strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2012

In this study, how much users of Hannamkeumbuk Keumbuk Mountains are aware of Baekdaegan and its attached mountain chains, a traditional geographic system, according to Sangyungpyo and basic data like the degree of awareness and use-behaviors, etc. have been studied. In addition, the environmental value of Hannamkeumbuk Keumbuk Mountains separating the central and the southern part of Korea among attached mountain ranges, secondary mountain chains, which act as an ecosystem buffer in the Baekdudaegan Range, has been estimated at the current amount of currency. In the questions of the perception of the traditional classification standard of mountain chains and Baekdudaegan, more than 70% of respondents answered that they had heard of or known them but 66.8% werenot aware of Hannamkeumbuk Keumbuk Mountains. While the awareness for Baekdudaegan is high, the perception of its attached mountain chains was very poor. DBDC responder system and CVM, which is used widely for the value estimate method of environment goods, were used. As the result, an additional benefit got when a person visits Hannamkeumbuk Keumbuk mountains was estimated as 5,813 won. It could find out that this amount was very low compared with 51,984 won, average visit cost. It judged that the reason was that damage of environmental conditions, the monotony of the trails and progress of indiscriminate environmental destruction, etc. The results of this study will offer a new perspective on public relations activities and resource conservation of Baekdudaegan and its attached mountain chains and estimate perceptions and efficient services for visitors to HannamKeumbuk Keumbuk Mountains. This study will act as data for basic planning and management to increase the mountains' value and to preserve them. Further studies are needed to make a frame of work division and management with various organizations so that the management of Hannamkeumbuk-Keumbuk Mountains may be properly established and their value may been hanced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2011

The importance of forests and plants are appreciated by all of us, but it is often overlooked because we are surrounded by it. The arboretum is one of facilities which provide users with education on the environment, knowledge about plants, and recreation, playing a role as a nature school by exhibiting and collecting plants of various ecosystems. Anyone can enjoy fresh air, a pleasant environment, and knowledge about a wide variety of plants on the condition that they aactually visit it and pay the entrance fee. However, it has not been measured whether the expense which users pay to enjoy an arboretum is a true value of arboretums. The environment that arboretums offer is extra-market goods, or public goods. A variety of ideas and methods to measure the value of public goods have been researched among economists, statisticians, and mathematicians. The Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) is most widely used a s an assessment method on environment goods and adopted as an estimation method for compensation for restoration of the environment by the American Supreme Court. The purpose of this study is to suggest a current monetary value correspondingent to the value of arboretums by applying the CVM. The survey suggested that when an arboretum provides a high educational value and when the respondents have a higher income, it is more likely that they would be willing to pay for entrance into the arboretum. The quantified value in monetary terms for the environmental value of Gyeongnam Arboretum is WTP mean \15,648; WTP median \13,648; and WTP truncated \15,449 per visitor. In annual terms, the amounts are calculated at WTP mean \8,408,265,024; WTP median \7,333,589,024; and WTP truncated \8,301,334,762. These quantified amounts can be thought to represent the value of conservation of arboretums and awaken users to the precious value of nature. Also, they are helpful to let the general public have proper knowledge about and recognize the value of arboretums and forests.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.42-52
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• 2009

Recreational forests are catching on as places for personal development through recreation, association with people, education about nature, mind relaxation and spiritual peace. However, the value and significance of recreational forests with various functions are easily overlooked. Whoever pays fees for admission to facilities are able to enjoy fresh air, a comfortable environment, and space for rest. It should be taken into consideration whether the fee which customers pay is appropriate for the value of nature they are enjoying. This study is involved in giving the right recognition to the value of recreation and environment by estimating economically the value of the environment in which visitors stay, and presenting the appropriate price. The most efficient way to achieve this goal is through an economic approach, which suggests following established research skills and yielding suitable and accurate amounts of money. The environmental value of a recreational forests is estimated through contingent valuation method(CVM), which is chosen among several methods to estimate public facilities because the value of recreational forests has strong characteristics as public facilities which are not traded in the market. The annual recreation value per person of surveyed recreational forests is Willingness To Pay(WTP) with a mean between about 16,000 won and 25,400 won. The recreation value of one recreational forest surveyed is annually between approximately 1.7 billions won and 2.7 billions won. The annual recreation value of 85 national and public recreational forests is presumed to be between about 140 billions won and 230 billions won. The presumed amount of money is the environment in which visitors can enjoy whenever they invest some money and time. Indeed, it is more than that; it provides visitors with a greater sense of satisfaction and the recognition of the preciousness of nature and the environment.