• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

The Dutch treat culture, which pays for the cost of having meetings with a large number of people, is located in the daily life of many modern people. In particular, the execution of Kim Young-ran is a more active Dutch treat. However, when going dutch, there is a case where the amount of money to be paid per person is not divided equitably and there is an ambiguous situation about who should pay more. Also if one person have to pay all of the payments because of the different payment method such as a cash or card, there is inconvenience to keep a record of the financial relationship each time. In this paper, we introduce an application that allows several people to easily calculate the amount of money to pay per person when eating together or calculating something. From our service, you can easily access with web-based service, manage the user's debts more conveniently through forming the group. In addition, we focused on convenient calculation of cost by setting remaining unit and reserve function which is a function to overcome the disadvantages of existing application. Also, we maintain fairness through games in situations where the users need to make a choice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2006

This study aims for suggesting an idea to plan the expansion of consuming environmentally friendly chestnuts by statistically analyzing the types and intentions for consumer's purchase of environmentally friendly point of production and export side. For this, the survey was performed on 650 housewives living in Seoul, new metropolitan cities such as Ilsan, Bundang, where is the central place of main consumption. As a result, it is more effective to plan the expansion of consumption as the activity of consumption promotion for environmentally friendly chestnut focused on specific target such as 3~4 members of family and 30~40's age of young housewives having with the academic background of above university graduate, large income of average monthly payment with over 4.5 million won and consumers who have experience to purchase environmentally friendly forest products. In order to achieve this goal, it is require to secure the stabilized dealer for the environmentally friendly forest products as well as to establish the appropriate price reflected by the value and quality of environmentally friendly chestnut which the consumers recognize. It is estimated that this price can be decided on the basis of willingness to pay for the environmentally friendly chestnut from the index which comes from the integrated and concentrated consumers' expectation as this study surveyed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.484-484
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• 2023

지진해일은 해저지진, 화산활동, 해저 산사태 등에 의해 발생되는 장주기 파랑이다. 지진해일은 발생빈도가 낮지만, 한번 발생하면 많은 에너지가 연안으로 유입되어 인명 및 재산피해를 야기 시킬 수 있다. 따라서, 과거 수십년동안 지진해일에 대한 연구는 지진해일의 역학관계를 이해하고, 이를 바탕으로 한 수치모델 개발에 초점을 두어 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 더욱이, 지진해일 실험적 연구는 많은 경제적 비용을 지불해야 하기에 수치모델개발 연구가 더욱 중점적으로 수행되어 왔다. 지리학적으로 우리나라는 지진해일에 안전하지 못하다. 하나의 예로, 1983년 5월 26일, 일본 서해안에서 발생한 지진해일은 동해로 전파되어 동해안 지역에 커다란 피해를 야기시켰다. 이 당시, 강원도삼척시 원덕읍에 위치한 임원항에서는 2명의 사상자와 2명의 부상자가 발생하였고, 당시 금액으로 약3억원의 재산피해가 발생하였다. 이 연구는 인공지능 기법 중 하나인 인공신경망을 이용하여 인명과 재산피해가 발생한 임원항에서 최대지진해일고를 예측하고자 하였다. 지진해일 수치모델은 뛰어난 정확도를 나타내는 반면, 결과를 산출하는데 상당한 시간을 필요로 한다. 이에 반해, 인공신경망은 수치모델과 유사한 정확도 및 결과를 신속하게 제공할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 지진해일 인공신경망 모델 개발은 지진의 단층파라미터를 바탕으로 작성된 지진해일의 시나리오를 토대로 연구가 진행되었고, 우리나라 동해에 위치한 외해 관측 지점의 지진해일고 자료를 통해, 임원항에서의 최대 지진해일고가 예측되도록 개발되었다. 이를 위하여, 인공신경망의 학습 및 검증 과정을 수행하였고, 향후 발생 가능한 다양한 지진해일에 대해 평가함으로써, 인공신경망 모델의 예측성능을 확인하였다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-82
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• 2004

The study aimed to evaluate cancer damage cost due to risk from benzene inhalation. We performed health risk assessment based on US EPA guideline to estimate annual population risk in Ulsan metropolitan city. Also, we estimated a willingness-to-pay amount for reducing a cancer mortality rate to evaluate a value of statistical life. We combined the annual population risk and the value of statistical life to calculate the cancer damage cost. In the health risk assessment, we applied the benzene unit risk ($2.2{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}7.8{\times}10^{-6}$) in the US EPA'S Integrated Risk Information System to assess the annual population risk. Average concentration of benzene in ambient air is $7.88{\mu}g/m^3$(min: 1.16~max: $23.32{\mu}g/m^3$). We targeted an exposure population of 516,641 persons who aged over 30 years old. Using a Monte-Carlo simulation for uncertainty analysis, we evaluated that the population risk of benzene during ten years in Ulsan city is 2.90 persons (5 percentile: 0.32~95 percentile: 9.11persons). And the monthly average WTP for 5/1,000 cancer mortality reduction during ten years is 14,852 Won(95% C.I: 13,135~16,794 Won) and the implied VSL is 36 million Won(95% C.I: 30~40 million Won). Cancer damage cost due to risk from benzene inhalation during 10 years in Ulsan city is about 104 million Won(5 percentile: 13~95 percentile: 328 million Won). Health benefit cost to reduce a cancer mortality risk of benzene is about 50 million Won is Ulsan metropolitann city. But, it is very important that this cost is not for all health damage cost of cancer mortality in some area. We just recommended a model for evaluating a cancer risk reduction, so we must re-evaluate an integrated application of total VOCs damage cost including benzene.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.711-717
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• 2015

This paper attempts to measure the economic benefits of advanced water treatment in five cities (Goyang, Paju, Gumi, Gimcheon, Chilgok), which are supplied water from Goyang and Gumi filtration plant. We used the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method to estimate WTP. Parametric interval-data model are used to obtaining the mean WTP estimates. The results show that the mean of additional WTP for advanced water treatment services were estimated to be KRW 231.3 and KRW 231.2 per $m^3$ using model with covariates and without covariates, respectively. Given the water supplies of Goyang and Gumi filtration plants ($59.675m^3/y$ and $93.734m^3/y$), the economic benefits of those advanced water treatments can be expected to be KRW 13.8 billion and KRE 21.68 billion. And the calculated B/C ratios are 3.7 and 2.1 when a lifespan of facility is 10 years. Advanced water treatment should be introduced in terms of the economic benefits and costs. Thus, this results can be useful in water policy decision-making.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

Recently, the market size of hypermarkets in the domestic retail market accounts for a high percentage. The domestic retail market after the opening of the market for the past 1996 and grow to the spread of hypermarkets. However, events such as tasting events were increased due to intense competition among business condition as to attract more customers beyond price competition. Under these circumstances, it is important to examine the relationship of the factors associated with tasting events on consumer buying behavior. The impact on consumer buying behavior in order to verify factors tasting event by setting product standards study the relationship between variables was set up as a model. As result, only one came out significantly to pay the hypothesis of various products depending on the origin of the factors that increase the amount available. This is seen as a supermarket tasting event at the origin of products, and transparency, but also for recently imported foods for consumers who have negative thoughts, mainly domestic product tasting events Mart's sales continue to increase to attract more customers shall be deemed to be one way.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.333-345
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• 2016

Recently, an intelligent product in which information and robotic technologies are applied to an existing common product, called a mother product has been developed. In order to develop intelligent products which could be accepted by users, various intelligent product design methods have been introduced considering various interaction aspects or intelligent parts to be made. However, as an intelligent product is originated in a mother product, intelligent product design methods based on product attributes need to be explored. In this study, the impact of intelligent product types by product attributes on users' acceptance was investigated by comparing hedonic intelligent products and utilitarian intelligent products. An experiment was executed with child slippers as a case. As a result, participants evaluated utilitarian intelligent products more positively than hedonic intelligent products. They showed higher purchase intention and willingness to pay toward utilitarian intelligent products than hedonic intelligent products. In the case of child slippers, even though the hedonic attributes could be expected as they are child products, utilitarian attributes were perceived as much more important than hedonic attributes as the child slippers are related to the floor noise which is a severe social problem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2010

The generally known important functions of forests include air purification and the health benefits that humans can receive when relaxing and enjoying recreation in the forests. In recent years, people have appreciated the value of the natural environment but it is not easy to answer the question how much monetary value a natural environment has. Because environmental property is public property, which is not traded on the market, market prices cannot be established, so it is not easy to assess the currency value. Methods for estimating environmental property value have been studied by economists. The representative method for measuring environmental property value is a contingent valuation method, or CVM. Various methods have been researched and attempted along with the development and fusion of mathematics, statistics, and economics. Representative methods of CVM are single-bound and double-bound logit and probit methods. This study has been carried out to compare four estimates. Estimates are as follows: the lowest estimate is derived from a single-bound logit WTPmedian while the highest estimate is from double-bound probit WTPmean. While there are some preceding studies on price estimation and methods of measurement through CVM, they offer only partial comparisons. This study suggests four analytic methods and prices through 1,123 questionnaires. The results can be used for the subsequent comparison of estimate prices and the methods of measurement

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.81-102
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• 2014

As carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, is generally emitted by vehicles, the development and distribution of electric cars is important for the sustainability of environmentally-friendly tourism, especially in national parks. National parks in Korea, however, still see the use of traditional vehicles powered by internal combustion engines in the handling of visitors and the transportation of goods and staff. Such engines being the cause of environmental problems such as exhaust emission and noise pollution, the introduction of electric cars in national parks is needed. This study aims to analyze the economic value of electric cars in national parks as well as contribute to the development of the Green Transportation model in tourism destinations. The study used a logit model to estimate the willingness to pay for the introduction of electric cars in national parks. Adults over the age of twenty, with gender and age apportioned equally, were surveyed using questionnaires that included dichotomous as well as demographic questions. The findings show that the amount an individual is willing to pay for the purpose of environmental conservation is 3,948 won, while the value the national parks would derive from the use of electric cars is 56,138,130,000 won. The introduction of electric cars in national parks is expected to offer both direct and indirect benefits while helping to improving the environment of the national parks by eliminating exhaust emission and noise. This introduction would also be a response to climate change that can be taken by society as a whole.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.787-798
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• 2011

An arboretum is defined as a collection of facilities that conserve plant species by surveying, collecting, and proliferating and preserving the plants in nature, perform diverse researches on plants and display the plants in exhibition spaces or outdoors as well as provide the public with educational programs and refreshment spaces according to the laws concerned. The public, however, recognizes the exhibition and education functions on plants of arboretum more importantly compared with the roles to survey, collect, and proliferate plants as regulated by the laws. In particular, arboretum plays a role to offer a pivotal educational place in urban area where the public can obtain an hands-on experience and understanding on a wide range of plant species and natural environment. The study aims to estimate the non market environmental values of Daegu Arboretum operated by Daegu Metropolitan City government by using the Contingent Valuation Methods (CVM), which yields the current monetary estimates for the arboretum. The value estimation was undertaken by using the Double-Bound Dichotomous Choice (DBDC) method, and each estimated value was derived from respective functions based on a logit distribution known to include relatively stable estimates according to the shape of the distribution. Considering the statistical fitness test results, the author estimated the amounts of the Willingness To Pay (WTP) such as mean WTP of 12,718 KRW, median WTP of 11,033 KRW, and truncated mean WTP of 11,468 KRW, which represented the annual recreational values per a person visiting Daegu Arboretum respectively. The analysis showed that Daegu Arboretum created the annual environmental values which were estimated to be approximately 16 to 19 billion KRW. The study also has an implication that the valuation method for the environment of Daegu Arboretum may be effectively applied for estimating the values of other types of environmental goods by altering the locations or goods to be analyzed.