• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1342-1348
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• 2014

Seeds of Korean pine cone (Pinus koraiensis) have long been consumed as an edible food in countries located in North-East Asia, On the other hand, Korean pine cone, containing various polyphenols, is discarded as a useless garbage after removing seeds. This study investigated the lipolytic effects of pine cone extract in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Intracellular lipid accumulation was measured by Oil red O staining, free glycerol release by colorimetric reaction, and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism by real-time PCR. Compared to control, pine cone extract reduced intracellular lipid accumulation by 8.8% and increased free glycerol release by 8.2% a concentration of $5{\mu}g/mL$ in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. mRNA levels of fatty acid synthesis were not significantly different between control and pine cone extract, but mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) significantly increased by 38.7% and 94.1% at a concentration of $5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Thus, pine cone extract is suggested to have lipolytic effects through induction of LPL and HSL gene expression.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.2 s.91
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• pp.106-111
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• 2005

The functional relationship between the number of mole of an i-fatty acid (Si) included in fish oil and the hydrolysis time(t) was expressed as a mathematical model, $S_i=-{\alpha_i}1n(t)+\beta_i$. The average errors of calculated values on the basis of the measured values were distributed in the range of less than $5\%$ for all the 15 fatty aids composing of fish oil. The equation of hydrolysis rate of each fatty acid was deduced as $v_i={\gamma_i}exp(\frac{S_i}{\alpha_i})$ from the above-mentioned $S_i=-{\alpha_i}ln(t)+{\beta_i}$. Therefore the hydrolysis yields of fatty acids were analyzed using the equation of $S_i\;Vs.\;t.$. The 15 fatty acids were categorized into 4groups from the view point of hydrolysis yield. The hydrolysis yields of the first group, including C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1 (n-7) and 1l8:1 (n-9), were higher than $70\%$ at 48 hr of hydrolysis. Those of the second group, C20:1, C22:1, C18:3, C20:4 and C20:5, were distributed from $40\%,\;to\;60\%$, and third group were around $30\%$. The final group containing only C22:6 was very hard to be hydrolyzed and the yield was less than $20\%$ at the same time.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.523-526
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• 2013

In order to purify the waste water containing natural fatty oil, hydroxy radical and/or ozone are used to remove the fatty oil dispersed in the waste water. The fatty oil is decomposed by oxidation reaction through hydroxy radical and ozone, and eliminated as a function of first order reaction. It is clearly confirmed that the fatty oil in waste water can be effectively removed much more in the use of both hydroxy radical and ozone than only hydroxy radical as an oxydant. In addition, the decomposition chemical reaction mechanism of the fatty oil by hydroxy radical and ozone is proposed.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.72-75
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• 2000

The hydrolysis characteristics of each fatty acid composing the fish oil by means of the lipase from Candida cylindracea was investigated. The saturated fatty acids, C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0, and the unsaturated fatty acids with one double bond, C16:1, C18:1(n-7), C18:(n-9), C20:1 and C22:1 were more easily hydrolyzed than the $\omega$-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. when the number of carbon of the $\omega$-3 fatty acids was same but that of double bond was different, the hydrolysis of the $\omega$-3 fatty acids having lower number of double bond was more rapidly carried out. When the degree of polyunsaturation was same but the number of carbon was different, the lipase acted more rapidly upon the $\omega$-3 fatty acids with lower number of carbon. Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) was most highly concentrated in the glyceride mixture after 120hr hydrolysis among the various $\omega$-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The weight percentage of DHA to the $\omega$-3 fatty acids in the fish oil was 31.87% but that in the glyceride mixture after 120hr hydrolysis was 51.89%.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.489-493
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• 2004

The hydrolysis characteristics of various fatty acids composing the fish oil was investigated for function of acyl chain specificities using Lipase-OF 360,000 from Candida cylindracea. The hydrolysis of fatty acids decreased with the increase of the number of carbon and double bond in the fatty acids, in case that the number of double bond and the position of the first double bond from the methyl group of fatty acids were the same. The position of the first double bond was found to be an acyl chain specificity of Lipase-OF 360,000 for the hydrolysis of fish oil. Lipase-OF 360,000 also showed the another acyl chain specificity that the increase of double bond of fatty acids, having the same number of carbon and the position of double bond, brought about the decrease of hydrolysis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 1994

A substance that inhibit the lipolytic action of Toxohormone-L was a crude acidic polysaccharide isolated from Korean red and white ginseng. The total inhibitory activities (units) of PGI and PG4 fraction in white ginseng and those of PG,, PG4 and PG43 fraction in red ginseng were higher than other fractions in vitro test. Each water extract of ginseng was effective against the lipolysis induced by the Toxohormone-L at the concentration over 10~100$\mu$l/ml. The total inhibitory activities (units) were highest at the concentration of 100ug/ml and 1,000ug/ml in the 4-year and 5-year old white ginseng root respectively, while, it was higher in the 6-year old ginseng than other ages regardless of the reaction concentration In the red ginseng. The inhibitory effect of ginsenos1de - Rb2 on the lipolysis by Toxohormone-L was higher than other ginsenosides at the concentration of 100 $\mu$g to 500 $\mu$g/ml of reaction mixture, and total inhibitory activities (units) of ginsenoside -Rb2 were also higher than other treatments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.276-280
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• 2011

This study investigated the activation conditions of pancreatic enzymes from porcine pancreas. Duodenum induced the activation of pancreatic protease and lipase in pancreas. When 10% duodenum was added to pancreatic juice and the mixture was incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 90 min or at $25^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs, the activities of pancreatic protese and lipase reached the peak. When the pancreatin was prepared by sequential process of enzymatic activation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs, centrifugation, acetone precipitation and freeze-drying, the specific activities of pancreatic protease, lipase and amylase were 136, 116 and 400 U/mg-protein, respectively. The protease, lipase and amylase activities of the prepared pancreatin were 5.4, 58.0 and 16.0 times higher than those of USP standard, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.248-253
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• 1993

아나보릭 스테로이드인 nandrolone phenylpropionate(NPP)가 인슐린에 의한 지방축적의 증가 및 절식시 혈중 유리지방산 농도에 미치는 영향을 암컷쥐에서 조사하였다. 인슐린 투여는 식이 섭취량을 유의적으로 증가시켰는데 이는 인슐린에 의한 혈당 저하에 의한 것으로 보인다. 지방 축적은 인슐린 투여에 의해 유의적으로 증가하였으나 체단백질이나 근육단백질 함량은 변화하지 않았다. 인슐린에 NPP를 동시에 투여하였을 때 NPP는 인슐린에 의한 저혈당증과 지방축적의 증가를 부분적으로 완화시켰으며 체단백질과 근육단백질 함량을 유의적으로 증가시켰다. 반면 NPP는 절식시킨 쥐의 혈중 유리 지방산 농도에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 통해 아나보릭 스테로이드가 단백질 대사에 미치는 영향은 인슐린과 무관하며, 아나보릭 스테로이드의 지방축적 억제효과는 아나보릭 스테로이드가 지방분해에는 영향을 미치지 않고 인슐린에 의한 지방함성으로의 당이용도를 저해함으로 발휘된다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.179-182
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• 2001

지방족 폴리에스터는 보통 의료용 고분자 및 환경분해성 고분자로 알려져 왔으며, 이에 따라 지방족 폴리에스터와 그의 공중합물, 그리고 다른 상용고분자와의 블렌드들의 분해 메카니즘에 관한 연구 보고가 이루어져 왔다. 일반적으로 결정성 고분자의 분해성은 일차적인 화학구조외에도 결정의 size나 perfactness, 결정화도 또는 배향도와 같은 미세 구조에 의해서도 크게 영향을 받는다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.136-136
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• 2003

중성지방(TG)은 모유와 조제분유의 주요에너지원이며 전체에너지의 50%까지 제공한다. 그러나, 일반 조제분유와 모유의 TG구조는 상당히 다르며, 이러한 구조적 차이로 인해 지방 및 칼슘흡수에 차이가 생긴다. 즉, 모유지방산의 1/4정도를 구성하는 팔미틴산은 이것의 70%정도가 glycerol 의 두 번째 탄소에 결합되어 있는 sn-2(middle)position으로 되어 있으며, 이러한 위치의 팔미틴산은 일반적으로 췌장지방분해 효소에 의해 분해되지 않고 2-monoglyceride로 존재한다. (중략)