• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.7
• /
• pp.743-749
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of fermented Angelica gigas Nakai (A. gigas) on lipid metabolism in orotic acid-induced fatty liver model rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four dietary groups (n=6 per group): a normal (N) group fed a standard diet only, OA control, OA acid plus 5% (w/w) A. gigas (OAG), and OA plus 5% (w/w) fermented A. gigas (OFAG). OA treatment induced enlargement of the liver and accumulation of hepatic triglycerides. The consum ption of fermented A. gigas reduced triglyceride concentrations in the liver and increased the serum lipid concentrations to normal levels. Furthermore, OA treatment significantly decreased serum triglyc eride concentrations without diminishing mRNA expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protei n (MTP) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Hepatic MTP mRNA expression increased 1.08-fold in response to OA treatment, despite triglyceride accumulation in the liver relative to that of the normal group. OFAG administration was slightly lower as compared to the OA treatment. This result suggests that MTP mRNA expression is not always correlated with hepatic triglyceride accumulation in the OA-induced fatty liver model. However, PDI mRNA expression was significantly increased in the OAG and OFAG groups (1.62-fold and 1.63-fold, respectively) compared with the normal group. The hepatocytes in the OA group contained numerous large fat droplets. These were slightly reduced in the OFAG group.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2015

Alcohol-induced fatty liver (steatosis) results from excessive generation of reducing equivalents by ethanol metabolism. Generally, chronic ethanol treatment causes hepatosteatosis by regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), which increases the synthesis of hepatic lipids. The effect of ethanol on SREBP-1c is mediated through mammalian sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), a NAD⁺-dependent protein deacetylase that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism. Ginseng is a widely used herbal medicine that is used in Asia for its anti-diabetes and anti-obesity effects. The pharmacological and therapeutic effects of ginseng are primarily produced by bioactive constituents known as ginsenosides. Here, we examined the regulatory effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) extracts on SREBP-1c and SIRT-1 on lipid homeostasis in AML-12 mouse hepatocytes. AML-12 cells were treated with ethanol and/or KRG extracts (0 - 1,000 μg/ml). Lipid droplets were assayed using Oil red O staining, and western blotting was used to measure SIRT-1 and SREBP-1 expression. Treatment with KRG extracts restored SIRT-1 expression and reduced SREBP-1c expression in ethanol-treated cells. We also showed that KRG extract and ginsenosides Rb₂ and Rd significantly decreased SREBP-1 acetylation in ethanol-treated cells. These results show that treatment with KRG extract and its active ginsenoside constituents Rb₂ and Rd protected against alcohol-related hepatosteatosis via regulation of SIRT-1 and downstream acetylation of SREBP-1c, which altered hepatic lipid metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2005

Effect of chitosan oligo saccharides (COS) on the level of serum lipids, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation was investigated in rats fed with high cholesterol diet for 4 weeks, The rats were divided into three experimental groups that is, high cholesterol diet group (0.5% cholesterol; control). high cholesterol diet and 1.0% or 2.0% COS-supplemented groups (COS I , COS II). Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level were significantly decreased and relative HDL-cholesterol level in total cholesterol significantly increased in COS II group. Liver TBARS level and activities of SOD and catalase of COS I were also significantly reduced. These results suggest that supplement of chitosan oligosaccharides reduce levels of serum cholesterol and reduce oxidative damage by activating hepatic antioxidative defense system in rats fed with high cholesterol diets.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2022

Lipidomic analyses of transient breast milk are far more limited than those of other dairy products. As a preliminary analysis of breast milk lipidomes, analytical methods for polar and nonpolar lipids from transient breast milk were developed, and detailed fatty acid profiles were determined in this study. The newly developed methods include solvent fractionation of phospholipids and acyl glycerol, one-pot derivatization to FAMEs and pyridylcarbinol esters, and instrumental analysis, including GC-FID and GC-MS. The results indicate that breast milk contains 16 major common fatty acids with 8-22 carbons. Additionally, 29 minor fatty acids were identified, including odd-numbered fatty acids and branched analogues with 11-23 carbons. Their detailed concentrations in different fractions were measured using the internal standard method. In addition to ordinary fatty acids, breast milk contains several branched fatty acids, including iso/anteiso acids with 15-18 carbons. Structural studies have been performed on selected minor fatty acids via chemical synthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.8
• /
• pp.965-974
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effects of vegetable sprout powder on serum and adipose tissue lipid metabolism in rats fed high-fat diet for 4 weeks for induction hyperlipidemic model rat. Weight-matched male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups according to dietary fat level (10% or 20% of diet wt.) and mixture of vegetable sprout powder levels (5% or 10% 10% or 20% of diet wt.). Vegetable sprout powder was the mixture of same amounts of dried barley, broccoli, rapeseed, alfalfa, radish, mustard, buckwheat and brussels sprouts. Experimental groups were normal fat diet with 5% cellulose (NF-C), high fat diet without fiber (HF-N), high fat diet with 5% cellulose (HF-C), HF-C diet with 5% vegetable sprout powder (HF-CSL), and HF-C diet with 10% vegetable sprout powder (HF-CSH). The body weight of HF-N group increased 16% compared with the NF-C group, while it was decreased by 15% and 22% for HF-CSL group and HF-CSH group, respectively. Fat mass and fat cell size of adipose tissue were lower in HF-CSL group and HF-CSH group compared with HF-C group, and lower in HF-CSH group compared with HF-CSL group. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents were markedly decreased by vegetable sprout powder containing diet, while the serum HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid contents were higher in vegetable sprout powder containing diet in a dose-dependent manner. Leptin and insulin levels in serum showed a decrease in HF-CSH group. Significantly increased contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, leptin and insulin in the serum of HF-N group were returned to normal or even below normal levels by feeding 10% vegetable sprout powder diet. The increased activities of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (ME), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adiposetissue by HF-N group were decreased to the activity of normal fat group by feeding vegetable sprout powder in a dose-dependant manner. These results indicate that lipid metabolism in rats fed high-fat diet was suppressed by feeding vegetable sprout powder.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2002

사과급여가 지질대사에 미치는 효과를 40마리의 Wistar rats에 0.3% 콜레스테롤을 첨가한 반정제식이를 급여하여 조사하였다. 사과첨가군는 일반식이중 전분함량(15%)을 동결건조시킨 사과(Gala 품종)로 대체하였으며, 대조군은 사과에서 유래되는 당함량을 대신하여 전분중 13%를 과당/포도당/ 전분의 혼합물로 대체하였다. 실험식이에서 지방원은 옥배유 사용하였으며, 식이중 비타민E는 요구량의 1/3정도 첨가하였다. 실험쥐는21일간의 적응기간을 걸쳐 선별하였다. 사과급여군에서, 사과에서 유래되는 식이섬유소량이 소량(약 2%)임에도 불구하고 혈장내 콜레스테롤이 유의적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나, 콜레스테롤 첨가군에서는 간에 콜레스테롤 에스테르가 축적되는 결과를 보였다. 사과급여군에서 지단백질 형상이 크게 다르게 나타났는데, 이는 중성지방이 많은 지단백질(TGRLP) 콜레스테롤이 감소되고 HDL 콜레스테롤은 증가되는 결과를 보여 심장관련질환 예방에 효과가 있을 것으로 추정되었다. 또한, 사과가 콜레스테롤 흡수를 크게 저하시키는 것으로 추정되나 담즙산의 분해에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과로 사과식이군이 대조군에 비해 혈장 FRAP가 높고 뇨중의 MDA 추출물이 감소하는 경향을 보여 산화억제효과도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 후식으로 적당량의 사과를 섭식하는 것이 지질과 과산화성 인자에 바람직한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.479-484
• /
• 2000

흰쥐에 에탄올을 투여해 간 손상을 유도한 후 굼벵이를 투여해 굼벵이가 혈청과 간의 지진대사에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 조사하였다. 혈청지질 중 에탄올에 의해 증가된 triglyceride, 총 cholesterol은 굼벵이를 섭취시킴으로써 이의 수치를 감소시켰으며 HDL-cholesterol은 굼벵이의 섭취로 triglyceride 함량은 감소되었다. GOT와 GPT의 활성은 에탄올 투여시 정상식이에 비해 유의적인 증가를 보인 반면, 굼벵이의 섭취로 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. (p<0.05). 에탄올 추여군의 간조직 세포는 세포질에 지방소적의 축적으로 세포질의 부분적인 괴사현상이 나타났으며 조면소포체와 mitochondria의 형태적 변형이 관찰되었다. 에탄올과 굼벵이의 병용투여군은 지방소적의 크기 및 양적 감소와 세포질의 괴사현상이 약간 회복 되었으나 조면소포체와 mitochondria의 수적인 증가는 미미하였다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.274-282
• /
• 2012

현재 HIV(human immunodeficiency virus) 감염에 대하여 보다 많은 효과적인 약물치료법이 가능하다. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)로 언급되는 이 치료법은 항 HIV치료제의 다양한 병용법으로 구성된다. 그러나, 최근에 이렇게 치료된 환자들에게 중요한 독성들(toxicities)로서 빈번하게 상당한 지질이상과 혈중당의 항상성 조절장애와 연관된 몸의 지방 분포 비정상으로서 나타나는, 광범위한 대사성 합병증(metabolic complications)이 출현해왔다. 이러한 합병증의 관리는 표준적인 치료 중재(interventions)와 연관하여 지질과 당 대사와 관련된 항 HIV치료제의 특성 있는 효과를 이해하면서, 항 HIV 약물들을 조절하는 것을 포함한다. 본 증례는 항HIV 약물요법과정에서 나타난 상당한 지질 이상, 매우 높은 LDL 수치와 높은 TG수치에 따르는 후속 약물요법을 보여주며, 개별화된 항 HIV 약물요법을 수행하면서, 대사성 합병증에 관련된 수치의 검사와 주기적인 약물치료과정의 모니터링을 권하여 HIV에 감염된 환자들의 효과적인 치료를 향상시키기 위한 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.45 no.9
• /
• pp.1083-1089
• /
• 2002

Purpose : The prevalence of obese children has recently increased. Obesity is known to be associated with complications such as hypertension, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. L-carnitine is an essential cofactor for the transport of long chain fatty acids into mitochondria for ${\beta}$-oxidation. The purpose of this study is to measure serum free fatty acid and carnitine levels, and evaluate the role of L-carnitine as a therapeutic drug in obese children with fatty liver. Methods : Nine obese children, ranging from seven to 18 years of age, and 10 normal children were examined. Serum lipid(total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) and fatty acid levels were analyzed. Serum total, free, and acyl carnitine levels were performed also by a new enzymatic cycling technique. Results : Long chain fatty acids(myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid)were significantly increased in obese children compared to the control group. Total, and acyl carnitine levels were significantly increased in obese children compared to the control group. Conclusion : Serum free fatty acid and carnitine levels were significantly increased in obese children with fatty liver compared to the normal control. This may suggest that L-carnitine can be used as antilipidemic agent to decrease fatty acid and lipid levels for obese children. Prospective studies will investigate serum fatty acid and carnitine levels after treatment of L-carnitine in obese children in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.641-649
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. (PJT) powder on lipid metabolism and antioxidative activity in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: normal diet group (N), high-fat/high-cholesterol group (HFC), high-fat/highcholesterol with 5% PJT powder (HFC-PBL), and high-fat/high-cholesterol with 10% PJT powder (HFC-PBH). Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) increased in the HFC group, whereas they gradually decreased in the PJT powder-fed groups. Food intake was not significantly different between the experimental groups. Liver and adipose tissue weights of the HFC group were heavier than that of the N group, whereas the groups fed PJT powder showed gradual reduction of tissue weights. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity significantly decreased after PJT powder administration. Serum triglyceride level significantly decreased in groups fed PJT powder compared to the HFC group. The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) level of the HFC group increased by 73.70% than that of the N group, whereas serum high density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) tended to decrease in groups fed PJT powder compared to the HFC group. Levels of triglycerides in epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissues, as well as cholesterol levels in liver and adipose tissues were lower in the groups fed 10% PJT powder compared to the HFC group. The liver glutathione (GSH) level increased in the groups fed PJT powder compare to the HFC group. The liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content significantly decreased in the groups fed PJT powder compared to the HFC group. These results suggest that PJT powder may improve lipid metabolism in the serum, liver, and adipose tissue and prevent oxidative stress by stimulating antioxidative systems in rats fed a high fat-high cholesterol diet.