• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.527-540
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• 1997

이 글에서는 해외지역연구에 있어 세계와와 관련한 여건 변화, 지리하계의 동향, 그리고 21세기의 새로운 지역연구에 지리학의 역할이 어떠하여야 할 것인가를 살피고자 한다. 해외지역연구는 2차대전 이후 미국을 중심으로 발달하였다. 냉전기에 세계적 우위를 유지하고 국익을 보호하기 위하여 외국 현지어 구사 능력을 포함한 해외 정보 수요가 늘어 지역연구의 발달을 보게 된 것이다. 이러한 배경 때문에 지역연구는 개성기술적(ideographic)성격을 띠게 되었다. 요즘에는, 지역연구가 주로 초국적기업, 국제 경영대학원 등을 중심으로 이루어 지고 있다. 새 지역연구는 해외시장정보 수집 등 경제적 동기로 이루어지고 있어, 경제적으로 편향되는 취약점이 있다. 세계화는 요즘 하계의 화두(話頭)로, 세계 경제와 사회에 일고 있는 이 변화를 바로 이해하는 것은 향후 지역연구의 방향을 정립하는데 매우 중요하다. 세계화는 세계 어디서나 똑같이 일어나는 동질적인 현상이 아니라, 매우 다양하고 여러 의미가 담긴 현상이다. 마치 동전에 양면이 있듯이, 세계화는 수렴과 분화를 동시에 일으키고 있는 것이다. 따라서, 국경을 개방하고 장애를 없애 하나의 동질적인 세계시장환경을 지향하는 신자유경제 논리에 바탕한 지역연구는 설득력이 약하다. 지리학이 지역연구에 기여하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 노력이 계속되어야 한다. 첫째, 해외지역을 이해하려면 공간(space)과 장소(place)연구가 필수적이라는 점을 인식하고, 둘째, 인간과 환경의 상호작용 관점에서 지리적 차이를 파악하려는 노력이 필요하다. 셋째, 지리학은 이론정립 노력을 계속해야 하며, 넷째, 그 이론들은 해외지역의 현장답사와 정보수집을 통하여 검증되어야 한다. 지리학은 일찍부터 도시, 농촌 등 미시적 수준의 연구를 수행해왔기 때문에 경험적 연구에 강하다. 다섯째, 정부와 기업 등 조직에 대한 지리학적 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 경제활동 분포에 대한 조직의 역할, 소유권에 대한 정부의 규제, 생산 조직의 환경 영향 등의 연구가 그 예이다. 여섯째, 지리학의 발달을 위하여 국가, 국제적 학술 기구를 활용하는 전략이 필요하다. 국제지리학연합(IGU)에서 개발한 지리교육과정, 미국National Research Council에서 세계지리에 밝지 못한 국민을 대상으로 펴낸 지리서 등이 그 사례이다. 지역연구는 사회과학 이론과 문화연구가 서로 접목되도록 새롭게 방향이 설정되어야 하며, 지리학의 인간-환경 연구 전통이 여기에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 지리학의 역할이 효율적이기 위해서는 지리학 자체의 담론을 다시 확립해야 한다. 지리학계에서 지난 20여년간 추구해왔듯이 일반적 법칙을 지향(nomothetic)하는 접근법을 활용해야 하며, 여타 사회과학 및 환경과학과도 긴밀한 관련을 유지할 필요가 있는 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.268-294
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• 1996

Social and population geography in Korea has been developed somewhat later than other special subjects of geography. But in recent years, it has attracted much interests of geographers, and accumulated a considerably large amount of research products. Seen in this context, it is resonable to expect that social and population geography will not only lead the development of geography in the future, but also contribute to the resolution of socio-spatial problems in Korea. From this point of view, we shall retrospect in this paper the progress of social and population geography in Korea since the 1950s, and look out its future prospect and further research tasks. In the first place, we discuss general concepts and major themes of social and population geography, and overview its development process, and than review in more details some important research products which would be categorized into five main subjects, that is, research methodology, urbanization and urban population phenomena, population movement and changing rural life, residential differentiation and urban redevelopment, and urban social life and regional social well-being. Finally, we consider briefly the future prospect and further tasks of social and population geography in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.2 s.119
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• pp.218-242
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• 2007

This paper is to consider the developmental process of Korean geography on the context of socio-spatial transformations of Korea, and then to suggest briefly its alternative visions. The development of knowledge including geography seems to be made under imperatives of social functions and structure in a given period, and knowledge in turn gives power for a further development of society. Modem geography in Korea has progressed on the context of capitalist development of Korean society which can be divided into two phases, that is, the period of developmentalism and that of neoliberalism. Korean geography has been developed under influence of ideologies of developmentalism and neoliberalism, and in turn has made some contributions to socio-spatial policies. Korean geography in the future, it can be suggested, should go beyond both developmentalism and neoliberalism, and put socio-spatial welfare, civil society or community, and environmental justice into its central issues.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.546-558
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• 2003

Social justice has been an interest of whole geographers for almost four decades. The conception of social justice includes fairness and equity in the distribution of a wide range of attributes. The purpose of this study is to understand social justice in geography of welfare. The theories of social justice are needed to describe relationship between social justice and geography of welfare. The evaluation of spatial variations in welfare is closely associated with social justice. Equality, equity, efficiency, and fairness are the reasonable criteria to apply to the evaluation of distributions of welfare, relating to distributive(or territorial) justice. However, there are complications in the spatial application of welfare evaluation criteria, including access across space, boundary crossing and ecological fallacy.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.775-786
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• 2013

Although the Dept. of Geography in Korea has contributed to the social development of Korea with a remarkable growth for a short period, their social status and influence have not greatly improved and the graduates in Geography do not have many job opportunities. The low social statue and the limited job opportunities of the Dept. of Geography in Korea was due to the failure of the creation of their demand and the expansion of their sphere in response to the social changes and developments of Korea. In France, the Dept. of Geography has raised their social standings through the suited curriculum system to generate their demand and enlarge their domain with the social changes and development of French. The Dept. of Geography in Korea also needs not only the expansion of sphere but the building of the proper curriculum system for the creation of demand.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.86-98
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• 2009

Han-Ki Choi($1803{\sim}1877$), who was a scholar in Joseon dynasty, understood geography into a synthetic category of chorography, cartography, earth science and fengshui. He focused on chorography and map as a leading position in geography. The purpose of the research of Han-Ki Choi was to examine the way of Heaven, and then to make clear the way of Humanity. The identity of the geography for Han-Ki Choi was a practical science that useful for the ruling over the country and the welfare of people. He emphasized the nature of relationship with humans in geography. The system of Han-Ki's Chi-hak came from the basis of a geography, on the contrary, his geographical works were accomplished on the ground of the Chi-science. The chorography, Chi-hak of the earth and the earth science were composed into systematic organization for achieving the goal of the Chi-geography.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.770-788
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• 2005

In this article, major research trends are examined mainly from articles published in Journal of the Korean Geography, academic society journals of sub-fields in geography and Ph.D. dissertations in geography of universities in Korea. Based on the research trends up to current point, issues and research directions in order to raise the status of Korean Geography in the twenty first century are prospected. Sixty years of Korean Geography can be divided into 4 periods such as before 1970s, during the 1980s, during the 1990s, and the period after the 2001. Each period of time revealed distinct aspects of development both quantitatively and qualitatively. For the last 60 years, the study of Korean Geography has gone through enormous changes in the number of articles with dynamics and variety in contents and methodology, breathing with the changes of the Korean society. Experiencing urbanization and industrialization along with rapid economical growth, the study of Korean Geography has progressed by analyzing the issues and problems of national space and conducting various researches from the case studies for problem-solving to the theoretical and policy oriented studies. The key-words such as 'knowledge based information society', 'aged society', and 'the era of globalization' will be realized in the twenty flit century. And environment-friendly policies for sustainable development will be more stressed in a globalized world. In order to provide research methods and alternatives suitable for newly transformed global society and for utilizing the essence of Geography in the future, the studies on Korean Geography should actively focus on integrative studies between physical and human geography, on interdisciplinary studies, on regional studies related to foreign countries and North Korea, and on the establishment of Korean geographical theory and model.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.379-392
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• 2014

Southeast Asian studies in Korea have been developing rapidly, thanks to strategic and collective efforts invested by the area specialists. Especially, political scientists' contribution as 'institution builders' were remarkable. Anthropologists' leadership as 'solidarity makers' between humanities and social science is now experimenting. In terms of quantity, contribution of geography to area studies is not satisfactory yet, though geography is regarded as a discipline inseparable with area studies. However, geographers as 'horizontal networkers' can contribute to area studies through conducting research in unexplored subject and connecting the human and the physical science.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.241-262
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to examine the changes of institution, quantity and approach methods of research results in the history of Korean economic geography during the last fifty-five years (1956-2010) and to offer the preparations for the future research. The history Korean economic geography can be divided into four periods: 'period of cradle' (1956-1962), 'period of establishment' (1963-later 1970s)', 'period of leap (the former half of 1980s-the former half of 1990s)', and 'period of transition (since later 1990s)'. Many departments of geography education and geography have been founded in the 'period of establishment' and 'period of leap'. Among the total research matters (1,621), 44.4 percent of research results have been made in 2000s and the most researched field was that of manufacturing geography, which occupied 27.7 percent. In the approach methods, about two-thirds of the results are the empirical inductive approach and the research frameworks method which clarified the regional structures and theory of spatial system occupied each about 40 percent. In the future, each research field of Korean economic geography is expected to take more serious view of nature environment, thorough regional survey, and preference of economy-society-culture-knowledge in the research framework of spatial network theory.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.595-612
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• 2005

This paper is to inquire into nature of the educated's geography from 1905 to 1910 by researching relevant geographical resources in HAKBO published by the Academic Society. At that time, the Patriotic Enlightenment Movement was active, and the Academic Society attempted to enlighten people, to enrich the country, and to restore the sovereign right. The educated tried to understand the reality in view of social Darwinism and make their country the winner as well as the fit in the struggle for existence by this movement. Their effort can be seen in HAKBO and geography in it. The contents of geography in HAKBO was related to world-wide geographical information and intended to instil patriotism into the hearts of people. As their research methods, they adopted systematic geographical method by comparing between region and region, or studying relationships of the nature and human, and Hettner's regional geographical method which describes human after the nature. Hence, it is proved that the educated's geography in HAKBO introduced modem geography in western society for Patriotic Enlightenment and it used its geographical methods.