• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.1 s.106
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• pp.63-77
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• 2005

Innovation, esp. technological innovation, in service sectors has drawn much attention as innovation-driven economy and service-led growth has been emphasized in the 21st century. This paper attempts to analyze the technological innovation from the perspective of geography and to understand the role of cooperative networks in the technological innovation. In sum, this study reveals that more firms in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) tended to succeed in the technological innovation in service sectors than those in the provinces. However, the difference originated from the difference in firms' internal capabilities, not from the difference in the external innovative capabilities represented by cooperative networks relevant to innovative milieu. In terms of cooperative partners, the fm in the provinces placed special importance on universities as cooperative partners, while the firms in the SMA put much emphasis on various types of cooperative partners. The cooperation with private partners was a statistically meaningful variable for the occurrence of technological innovation, regardless of firms' location. The cooperation with public partners proved to influence firms' application for the intellectual property right such as patents in both the SMA and the provinces.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.105-122
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to understand the urbanization process and identify the Origin-Destination(O-D) of migration in the period of the Japanese occupation, based on the census data about Bu and Jijung-myeon. For this, the study analysed the types and the location of the immigrants' origin(birthplace) whose headed for an urban area. In 1930, as the destinations in the inter-regional migration, the urban areas could be divided into three categories according to the distance: long-, medium- and short-distance. The new urban areas which developed for effective colonial rule by Japanese pulled the long distance immigrant across the Korean Peninsula, and the Chosun Dynasty's traditional cities had the inflow of population from the near and hinterland. All in all, it is proposed that the dual settlement systems of colonial and traditional structures, is the key to understand the Korean urbanization processes basedd on the inter-regional migration during Japanese colonial period.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.37-50
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• 2013

This study analyzes results of published studies of weathering pits in Korea focusing on tafoni and gnamma and it suggests new types of weathering pits and next subjects through the analysis. 34 papers, published between 1978 and February 2012, have been analyzed and the following are details of the analysis. In terms of the study results, weathering pits are commonly developed on coarse-grained rocks such as granite, but also found on various rocks. Multiple reasons including mechanical, chemical and salt weathering create weathering pits and they are closely related to the geological structure. Weathering pits are classified as tafoni and gnamma but the forms have not been verified. In the future, quantitative analysis must be conducted find the factors influencing creation, forms and development of weathering pits.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

This study tried to reveal relative surface denudation resistance and ranking by geologic types in the Southern Korean Peninsula using an 1:250,000 digital geologic map and ASTER GDEM. Among rock types such as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, metamorphic rock showed the greatest resistance to surface denudation. The most resistant rock to surface denudation by geologic periods (e.g., the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic) was found from the Precambrian. Among the major tectonic settings in the Southern Korean Peninsula such as the Gyeonggi massif, Okcheon belt, Yeongnam massif, Gyeongsang basin and Pohang basin, the Okcheon belt indicated the greatest resistance. The most and least resistant rocks from the representative nine rocks in the Southern Korean Peninsula were Paleozoic limestone, and Cretaceous sedimentary rock and Cenozoic sedimentary rock, respectively. This study suggests that Paleozoic limestone, Cretaceous volcanic rock, Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Precambrian gneiss can be regarded as hard rocks with high elevation, steep slope and complicated relief, while soft rocks with low elevation, gentle slope and simple relief are Jurassic granite, Cretaceous sedimentary rock and Cenozoic sedimentary rock.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.395-415
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• 2011

The aging of population stems from the decline of birth and death rates. A sudden aging society results in a variety of social issues like the poverty, role loss, alienation, health problems, etc. of the elderly. What counts in solving these issue is to make good use of the leisure time of the elderly. Leisure activities in the elderly help maintain and improve their mental and physical health, and have a great influence on improving the quality of life in the elderly. In addition, they contribute to building up a healthy social structure by forming a social intimacy. Despite these positive aspects of leisure activities, however, multiple factors prevent the leisure activities of the elderly from being actively pursued. In this respect, since there is a need to take a look at how the varied leisure activities of the elderly expose themselves in different regions, this study made an investigation so as to see what characteristics and differences each region has in the leisure activities of the elderly 65 or above. As a result, the following facts were found out: the elderly in Seoul enjoy a relatively wide range of leisure activities compared with other regions; the elderly in Gwangju spend their time mainly at home: and the elderly in the Goheung region take part in leisure activities aimed at promoting friendship. It was also revealed that there are differences among different regions in the areas of leisure activities, including the types of participation in leisure activities, the types of leisure activities at and out of home, the purpose and satisfaction of leisure activities and the frequency of domestic trips.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-44
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• 2015

This paper aims at elucidating the characteristics of immigration path and residential location, and analyzing the factors influencing housing ownership structure and preference of residential location factors of Korean immigrants in Los Angeles. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, immigration paths of Korean Immigrants are divided by spatial assimilation type and network of mainstream society oriented type. Secondly, according to the results of binomial logistic regression analysis, Korean town as a current residential location is selected by low-income class, aged migrants group, housing non-owner group and longer migration period group. Thirdly, migrants tend to retain detached housings in residential area of mainstream society while migration period go beyond 10 years and incomes exceed $60,000. Finally, according to ANOVA tests on the preferences of residential location factors. high-income and home owers groups more prefer location factors such as economics, natural environment, housing interior facilities, network of mainstream society.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2010

Moths were collected using a 22W UV black light trap in June through September in 2005 and May, June, August and September in 2006. The study sites were Namsan (Mt. Nam), Jirisan (Mt. Jiri), Woraksan (Mt. Worak) which are part of the Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER). There were two common forest communities, Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora. The purpose of this study was to compare species diversity of the major plant feeding Lepidoptera in the two forest types at the regional KNLTER sites. We collected a total of 435 species from the KLTER sites in 2005 and 2006. Abundance of moths was highest at Woraksan (Mt. Worak) followed by Jirisan (Mt. Jiri). The Namsan (Mt. Nam) site had the lowest, with five families (Arctiidae, Geometridae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, and Pyralidae). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant differences at sampling date in species abundance as a response variable and at site in species richness as another response variable. Although we expected a distinct cluster with the forest type at each study site, one of ordination analyses, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS), showed distinct clusters with the moth assemblages at each site only but NMS did not show any distinct cluster with the different forest types at each site as we expected.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.122-139
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• 2011

Yanbian area is a region with great interests to Cultural-Historically Korea as well as China. Cultural-historic study on Yanbian are lots of researches but can find few mapping for sites. This study aimed to make a map and analyze characteristics of distributions in the Cultural-Historic sites of Yanbian using Google Earth. We made a distribution map from stone age to Qing Dynasty. Symbology for mapping made color symbols by time series and categorical symbols. As a research finding, Sites of Balhae and Yuo-Geum age account for large parts in comparison with other ages in Yanbian. Especially, sites of Goguryeo, Balhae and Yuo-Geum age showed spatio-temporal structure of accumulative layers Characteristics of distributions is located in basin and stream area in the early age, and after then historical period moved to hilly sides and mountainous areas. The result of this research is expected to offer information for relevant follow-up studies of Cultural-Historic sites.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2000

지리산국립공원의 쌍계사지의 불일폭포-성불재 계곡부(해발 600-1.1200m)의 해발고와 사면부위에 따른 교목층의 산림구조를 조사하기 위하여 해발고와 사면부위에 따라 42개 조사구를 설정하였다 교목상층의 밀도 평균흉고직경 흉고단면적의 범위는 각각 545-1,700본/ha 11.0-23.5cm, 19.1-27.8m2/ha 이었다 교목상층의 평균흉고직경과 흉고단면적 교목층 전체의 흉고단면적은 계곡중부에서 가장컸다 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 중요치가 증가하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 신갈나무 소나무 등이었으며 감소하는 수종은 굴참나무 졸참나무, 비목나무 등이었다 사면하부에서 상부로 갈수록 중요치가 증가하는 수종은 굴참나무 쇠물푸레 철쭉꽃 등이었으며 감소하는 수종은 노각나무 비목나무 느티나무 당단풍 때죽나무 등이었다 해발고와 사면부위가 높을수록 종수와 종다양도는 감소하였으며 해발고대별 종다양도는 0.626-1.320 의범위를 보였다 계곡정부를 제외한 해발고대간 유사도지수는 36.1-60.6% 사면부위간 유사도지수는 59.2-74.4% 로서 사면부위보다 해발고에 따른 종구성 상태의 차이가 심한 것으로 나타났다 수종별 중요치에 의한 Cluster 분석결과 계곡하부의에 위치한 서어나무-활엽수군집 계곡상부의 사면중 하부에 위치한 신갈나무-활엽수군집 계곡정부와 계곡상부의 사면상부에 위치한 신갈나무-소나무군집 등 4개 유형군집으로 구분되었다 종상관 분석결과 소나무 신갈나무 쇠물푸레 철쭉꽃 등 4개 수종간 비목나무 산뽕나무 생강나무 등 3개 수종간에는 유의적인 정의 상관이 있었다. 신갈나무, 쇠물푸레 철쭉꽃 등은 졸참나무와 소나무 쇠물푸레 등은 비목나무 서어나무와 유의적인 부의 상관이 있었다.증가에 따라 250 g/L까 지 증가하여 최대 51.0%의 수율과 0.63 g/L-h의 생산성을 나타내었다. 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 이 방법이 일단 생산성 향상을 위한 세포의 고농도 배양에는 조사한 여러 배양 시스템 중에 가장 효율적인 시스템임올 알 수 있었다 하지만 이 시스템 에서 포도당을 낮은 level로 유지할 수 있었으나, 초산의 과도한 축적으로 항체 생산성의 향상은 예상에 비해 크지 않았다. 81%), C18 0(12.38%), C18: 1(25.93%), C22:6(9.95%)이며 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)은 C14 : 0(11.60%), C16 : 0(18.94%), C16: 1(10.42%). C18 : 1(10.89%), C22 : 6(23.44%)이었다. 총필수지방산(總必須脂肪酸) 함량(含量)은 극성지방질(極成脂肪質)$(20.14{\sim}31.12%)$이 비극성지방질(非極成脂肪質)$(6.97{\sim}11.13%)$보다 훨씬 높았고, 결합지방질(結合脂肪質)이 유리지방질(遊離脂肪質)보다 높았으며 부위별(部位別)로는 피부(皮部)$(15.18{\sim}15.41%)$가 육질부(肉質部)$(6.97{\sim}11.13%)$보다 높았다. 또${\omega}3$고도부포화지방산(高度不飽和脂肪酸) 함량(含量)은 육질부(肉質部)$(15.15{\sim}28.32%)$가 피부(皮部)$(6.77{\sim}18.18%)$나 내장부(內臟部)$(8.35{\sim}9.74%)$보다 높았으며, 육질부(肉質部)에서는 극성지방질(極成脂肪質)

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.457-464
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• 2003

A valley forest in Sangbuun area at Jirisan National Park was studied to investigate forest structure in relation to altitude and part of the slope. Forty-eight quadrats were set up in the valley forest along altitude of 726m to 1,090m and part of the slope, and vegetation analysis for the woody species in the tree and subtree layers were carried out. With increasing elevation belt, mean DBH, height and basal area of the trees in the tree layer increased while their density decreased. This trends may be caused by the disturbance which was relatively severe in the low elevation area. As elevation increased, the importance percentages of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica increased while those of Styyax japonicus, Carpinus laxiflora and Pinus densiflora decreased. The importance percentages of Quercus variabilis and Pinus densiflora increased as going from lower part to upper part of the slope. However, the opposite trend was found for the importance percentages of Acer mono and Corlus heterophylla var. thunbergii. Number of species and species diversity decreased as increasing elevation and going from lower part to upper part of the slope. According to importance percentage and cluster analysis, the valley forest was classified into three forest communities of Quercus serrata-broad-leaved tree species community in lower part of the slope at low elevation belt, middle elevation belt and middle and upper parts of the slope at high elevation belt, Pinus dnsiflora-Quercus serrata community in middle and upper parts at low elevation belt, and Quercus mongolica-broad-leaved tree species community in lower part of the slope at high elevation belt and top area.