• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.42-45
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• 2001

연안도시인 부산에서 상업지역을 제외하면, 모든 지역에서 북풍계열의 바람이 우세하였으며, 풍속의 빈도분포는 l～3 $^{m}/_{s}$에서 상업지역, 공업지역, 해안지역 그리고 농업지역순으로 높은 빈도를 보였으나, 또한 지역별 평균풍속과 최대풍속은 해안지역, 상업지역, 농업지역 그리고 공업지역 순으로 관측되어 공업지역의 경우 국지적인 영향이 높을 것으로 생각된다. 지각농축계수는 토양기원인 Ca, K, Si는 1.0 이하의 분포를 보였으나, Cd, Cu, Pb 그리고 Zn은 10 이상의 높은 값을 나타냈으며, Pb는 공업지역, 해안지역, 상업지역 그리고 농업지역 순으로 조사되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2008

Heavy metals in the surface seawaters and sediments were measured in Gaduk channel of jinhae Bay. The high concentrations of heavy metals in the seawaters were found at the stations near the islands. In the seawaters, the mean concentrations of dissolved heavy metals except for Pb were not higher than previous data in this bay. Higher heavy metal contents in the surface sediments were observed at the stations adjacent to the Geojedo or Gadukdo of the Gaduk channel. The contents of Co,Ni,Zn,Cu,As and Cd in the surface sediments showed relatively high correlation coefficients with IL and COD. The order of enrichment factors(EFs) of heavy metals in the sediments on the basis of average shale values was As>Cd>Pb>Zn>Co>Cu>Hg>Ni, and the EFs of As,Cd,Pb and Zn at whole stations were higher than 1. EFs of Ni and Zn on the basis of natural background concentration in Korean coastal sediments were lower than EFs by average shale.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.573-583
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• 2005

[ $PM_{10}\;and\;PM_{2.5}$ ] aerosols were collected at Busan from March, 2004 to December, 2004, and the concentrations of some metal elements were chemically analyzed to study their characteristics. The mean concentration of $PM_{10}$ was $58.2{\mu}g/m^3$ with a range of 8.3 to $161.1{\mu}g/m^3$. The mean concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was $29.3{\mu}g/m^3$ with a range of 2.8 to $65.3\mu}g/m^3$. The mean mass concentrations of Asian dust and non Asian dust in $PM_{10}$ were $121.5\mu}g/m^3$ and $56.0{\mu}g/,^3$ respectively. The mean values of crustal enrichment factors for six elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were all higher than 10, possibly suggesting the influence of anthropogenic sources. The crustal enrichment factors of some heavy metal elements in non-Asian dust (NAD) were higher than those in Asian dust (AD), possibly due to anthropogenic emissions transported from industries around this area by westerly wind. The soil contribution ratios for $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were $15.2\%$ and $17.5\%$ on the whole. and those of AD/NAD for $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were 1.9 and 2.1, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.328-331
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• 2003

1) PM10의 질량농도는 평균 98.21 ${\mu}g$/$m^3$로 나타났으며, 최고농도는 330.56 ${\mu}g$/$m^3$로서 연간 기준치인 80 ${\mu}g$/$m^3$를 초과하였다. 또한 K(1.23 ${\mu}g$/$m^3$)>Ca(1.12 ${\mu}g$/$m^3$)>Na(0.79 ${\mu}g$/$m^3$)>Al(0.76 )>Fe(0.75 ${\mu}g$/$m^3$) 순으로서 높은 조성을 보였으며, Cd(2.72 ng/$m^3$)이 가장 낮은 질량 농도를 보였다. 2) Cd, Ni, Pb 및 Zn은 평균 지각농축계수가 10이상의 인위적인 기원으로 봄철과 여름철에 비하여 서풍계열의 바람이 우세한 겨울철에 매우 높은 값을 보였으며, 연구 지역의 서쪽에 인접한 사상공단과 서남쪽에 위치한 신평.장림공단으로부터 서풍계열의 바람을 타고 이동되었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이들 중금속은 조대입자보다는 미세입자의 조성에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 평균 토양입자의 기여율은 9.5%로 나타났다. 3) PM10의 조성에 관여하는 금속 원소들은 토양, 해양 및 인위적인 오염물질에 의한 기원을 동시에 포함하고 있으나 해양기원보다는 토양 및 인위적인 기원들 간의 상관성이 우세하게 나타났다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.627-633
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• 2003

The PM$_{10}$ concentration and chemical composition in an western area of Busan were surveyed between March, 2001 and February, 2002. The mean concentration was 98.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ with a range of 18.1 to 330.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. The magnitude of metallic elements in PM$_{10}$ is as follows in decreasing order: K>Ca>Na>Al>Fe. The mean values of crustal enrichment factors for four elements (Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn) were all higher than 10, which presumably resulted from the effect of anthropogenic origin. Moreover, the wintertime values were higher than springtime and summertime values, possibly due to emissions westerly transported from industries around this area. The contribution of soil particle to airborne particle in the study area was estimated to be 9.5%.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.428-442
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• 2004

Dustfall samples were collected by the modified American dust jar (bulk type) at 5 sampling sites in the Nakdong river area from lune 2002 to May 2003. Nineteen chemical species (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, V, Zn, $Cl^-$, $NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$, and $NH_4^+$) were analyzed via the combination of ICP/AES, AAS, IC and UV. The purposes of this study were to qualitatively evaluate the chemical composition of dustfalls by examining their regional and seasonal distribution patterns. Computation of the enrichment factor showed that well-defined anthropogenic sources, particularly in Pb were found in the order Gamjeondong (industrial area), Wondong, Silla University, Samrangiin and Mulgum. The seasonal mean of soil contribution showed its highest value (16.3%) during the winter with an annual mean of 11.2%. The concentration ratio of [$SO_4^{2-}/NO_3^-$] was found to be highest (5.12) during the winter, while the lowest ratio value (3.30) was seen during the all. fall, Also regional equivalent ratios of [$SO_4^{2-}/NO_3^-$] were found in the order: Silla University (6.78), Gamjeondong (4.98), Mulgum (3.95), Wondong (3.85), and Samrangjin (2.87). Seasonal distribution of water soluble components for total dustfall were found in the order: spring (71.6%), summer (61.2%), fall (49.2%) and winter (48.6%) with a mean ratio of 57.6%. Regional contribution of sea salts of water soluble ions were found in the order: Silla university (34.5%), Gamjeondong (28.3%), Wondong (17.3%), Samrangiin (17.2%) and Mulgum (13.8%), the total mean contribution rate was 22.1%. As for the chemical composition of dustftll on the lower Nakdong river, there is a decreased influence of sea salt and artificial anthropogenic sources and increased influence of soil particle inland. Also, the total amount of deposition on the lower Nakdong river has decreased, with the river's surface serving as a confounding factor in resuspending dusts.