• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2013

A film colored overlay has been used as an assistive device for dyslexics, Recently, several virtual colored overlays which can be used in computer were developed. But mobile virtual overlay has not been developed yet. In this paper, I implemented a mobile overlay application which is based android operating system and displays a colored overlay of screen all the time while user can freely interact with rest of apps in normal manner by using root window and service. A method is presented to determine the source color of a virtual overlays by estimating alpha value of alpha blending algorithm through measurement of the chromaticity and transmissivity of film overlays and I implemented all colors which are presented by using Intuitive Overlays. Test results of the developed virtual overlay show that all colors of the overlays are almost identical to the colors of Intuitive Overlay by using the chroma meter CS-200A.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.1 s.270
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• pp.66-68
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• 2007

Traumatic cardiac injury is an extremely serious medical condition. It is possible to overlook a cardiac injury where there is no chest wall trauma. We here report the 47-year-old woman who got a crach car accident and had a tear of the right atrium. The distortion force from a decelerating injury may cause cardiac rupture at a fixed point. The most common symptom that alerts the clinician to a potentially fatal cardiac injury is the change in vital signs. Therefore cardiac injury should be considered in any patient with unexplained hypotension who has experienced decelerating trauma, even without external injury to the chest wall.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2015

This study aims to report a case of rectosigmoid neuroendocrine tumor patient with liver metastasis whose outstanding carcinoid symptom was mucosal diarrhea for more than 10 times a day. Three different herbal decoctions were administered orally for the treatment of diarrhea which was among carcinoid symptoms from diffuse metastatic liver lesion. The herbal decoctions given were modified Lijung-tang, modified Sambaek-tang and modified Jeokseokjiuyeoryang-tang. The administration period was 5, 14 and 9 days respectively. Frequency of patient's mucosal diarrhea had increased consistently during hospitalization. It had almost doubled compared to pre-hospitalization up to 27 times/24 hrs. But during the period of modified Sambaek-tang administration, frequency of diarrhea was maintained between 9 to 15 times/24hrs. There was no difference of liver tumors between Nov 16th 2013 and Dec 9th 2013 in computed tomography images. Three conventional established herbal prescriptions administered in this case didn't show any favorable effect on improving mucosal diarrhea induced by carcinoid symptoms of a rectosigmoid neuroendocrine tumor with liver metastasis. Even if modified Sambaek-tang showed partial effect on frequency of diarrhea, we concluded that it was not sufficient to be a therapeutic method of the diarrhea as carcinoid symptom. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct additional studies about the diarrhea of neuroendocrine tumor with liver metastasis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.47-60
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• 2011

With the increase in the use of mobile banking service, mobile banking has become an attractive target to attackers. Even though many security measures are applied to the current mobile banking service, some threats such as physical theft or penetration to a mobile device from remote side are still remained as unsolved. With aiming to fill this void, we propose a novel approach to prevent e-financial incidents by analyzing mobile device user's input patterns. This approach helps us to distinguish between original user's usage and attacker's usage through analyzing personal input patterns such as input time-interval, finger pressure level on the touch screen. Our proposed method shows high accuracy, and is effective to prevent the e-finance incidents proactively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.267-281
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• 2012

SCADA system is a computer system that monitors and controls the national infrastructure or industrial process including transportation facilities, water treatment and distribution, electrical power transmission and distribution, and gas pipelines. The SCADA system has been operated in a closed network, but it changes to open network as information and communication technology is developed rapidly. As the way of connecting with outside user extends, the possibility of exploitation of vulnerability of SCADA system gets high. The methodology to protect the possible huge damage caused by malicious user should be developed. In this paper, we proposed anomaly detection based intrusion detection methodology by estimating self-similarity of SCADA system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2003

Objectives : We carried out tests for neurobehavior by using WHO-NCTB (neurobehavioral core test battery) and Perdue pegboard score test to identify differences between lacunar infarction cases and controls. Methods : Among the subjects who underwent MRI between February 2001 and March 2002 in a university hospital located in Seoul and who were diagnosed only as lacunar infarction without any intracranial disease, 46 patients were selected as cases (male: 21, female: 25). Controls were selected who had no cerebrovascular disease on MRI by matching age (5 years), gender, and education (2 years) in a ratio of 1:1 , Among WHO-NCTB, the following 5 tests and Perdue pegboard score test were used to categorize the study subjects: digit and symbol matching, simple reaction time, Benton visual retention, digit span, and Pursuit aiming test, Results : Among the above 6 tests of neurobehavior, lacunar infarction cases showed lower score than controls except for the simple reaction time test. As the controlling variables of multivariate analysis in the stepwise regression analysis, the followings were selected due to their significant association: age, education, BMI, gender, drinking, exercise, add systolic blood pressure. From multivariate regression analysis, there was significant difference (p<0.05) between lacunar infarction cases and controls in digit and symbol matching, Benton visual retention, digit span, pursuit aiming, and Perdue pegboard score test, but not in the score of simple reaction time test. Conclusions : We suggest that the above 5 tests for neurobehavior, with the exception of the simple reaction time test, might be used as the basis for recommendation of further treatment and other neurological tests by the earlier defection for neurological abnormality in lacunar infarction.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2010

Purpose : The aims of this study were to investigate the long-term outcomes in children with infantile spasms (IS) and to identify the prognostic factors influencing their neurodevelopment. Methods : We retrospectively evaluated seventy two children over five years old who were treated for IS at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, between 1994 and 2007. Forty-three children were contacted by telephone or medical follow-up to assess their current neurodevelopmental status. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CIs) of risk factors for unfavorable outcomes.Results : The mean follow-up duration for these 43 children was $7.2{\pm}1.5$ years (range, 4.5 to 13.0 years). Of these, 13 (30.2%) had cryptogenic and 30 (69.8%) had symptomatic IS. Eleven (25.6%) children were initially treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) therapy, with a mean treatment lag of $1.3{\pm}1.9$ months (range; 0.1 to 7.0 months). Eighteen (41.8%) children clinically responded to initial treatment, as shown by EEG response. Overall, 22 (51.2%) children had at least moderate neurodevelopmental disorders and 2 (4.8%) died. In univariate analysis, etiology (symptomatic) and poor electroclinical response to initial treatment were related to long-term unfavorable outcomes. In multivariate analysis, response to primary treatment was the sole significant independent risk factor with a high OR. Conclusion : Overall prognosis of children with IS was poor. Electroclinical non-responsiveness to initial treatment was related to unfavorable long-term outcomes, indicating that initial control of seizures may be important in reducing the likelihood of poor neurodevelopment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2009

Background: Tsutsugamushi, leptospirosis and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) are the prevalent diseases among the acute febrile illnesses in Korea. Pulmonary involvement in the patients with these diseases remains poorly recognized in endemic regions, and this is despite reports of recent outbreaks and epidemic episodes. Pulmonary involvement and a higher CRP level as clinical manifestations show a more severe form of infection. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation of pulmonary involvement and the CRP level in patients with acute febrile illnesses. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 105 patients who were diagnosed with tsutsugamushi, HFRS and leptospirosis from January 2002 to May 2008 in Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital. The radiographic images were retrospectively analyzed by two radiologists. We analyzed the pulmonary complications of the patients with these febrile diseases and we checked the CRP level at admission. Results: The study included 105 patients who were diagnosed with febrile diseases. Of these patients, 32 patients had hantaan, 10 patients had leptospirosis and 63 patients had tsutsugamushi disease. 42 (40%) patients had pulmonary complications, 20 patients had pulmonary edema, 20 patients had pleural effusion and 2 patients had interstitial pneumonitis. The patients with pulmonary involvement showed a more severe form of infection and a higher CRP level than that of those patients without pulmonary involvement (p=0.0073). Conclusion: Pulmonary involvement in patients with acute febrile diseases might be correlated with a higher CRP level. Identification of this factor on admission might provide useful selection criteria for the patients who need early intensive care.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 1998

Pathophysiological mechanism of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is not fully understood. Major clinical findings of HFRS patients are widespread hemorrhage, acute renal failure and shock. Basic lesion is vascular injury with microvascular hemorrhage and relatively little inflammation. According to autopsy findings, renal medulla shows focal hemorrhage, tubular necrosis and interstitial mononuclear infiltrates. The predominant cell type in the renal and pulmonary interstitium is a fibroblast and it participates in the healing process at the injury site by secreting a large amount of extracellular matrix proteins. Cultured human lung fibroblasts and Mongolian gerbil fibroblasts were known to be good host cells for the hantaan virus. It is possible that not only the endothelial cell but also the fibroblast is a target of Hantaan virus and the fibroblast might be involved in the pathogenesis and the healing process in HFRS. Integrins are adhesion molecules, and act as receptors for many extracellular matrix proteins. Recently, there are many reports that cell surface integrins influence on some viral infections or reversely viruses influence on the expression of integrins. The ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ integrin is a major receptor for the fibronectin which is an important extracellular matrix protein secreted by fibroblasts. In this study, the role of ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ integrin in the infection of Hantaan virus was examined by using anti-${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$, integrin, anti-${\alpha}_5$ integrin and anti-${\beta}_1$, integrin antibodies in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and Mongolian gerbil fibroblasts(MGF). The treatment of anti-${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$, integrin antibody in CEF reduced the virion titers 26.8% and the amount of nucleocapsid N protein 32.6% when compared with control CEF. When MGF were treated with anti-${\alpha}_5$, anti-${\beta}_1$ and anti-${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ integrin antibodies, virion titers were reduced by 26.5%, 29.4% and 28.7% and the amount of nucleocapsid N protein were reduced by 65.2%, 59.7% and 72.6%. These results suggested that ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ integrin might act as a receptor for the Hantaan virus or blocking of ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ integrin influences on the viral replication in CEF and MGF. It is also possible that the blocking of only one subunit of integrin represents similar results in that of whole molecule.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.505-512
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of life according to the level of subjective perception as well as to analyze the influencing factors and improve the subjective perception to improve the quality of life. The results of the survey for adult patients in hospitals and neighborhood clinics in the region of Busan for nine months from December 2015 were as follows. Regarding the total symptoms, the women had a score of 1.41, and the younger respondents felt they suffered from no symptoms. An analysis of the quality of life by the general characteristics showed that the respondents who were better educated and had no systemic diseases had a higher score of 54.71 on the OHIP-14. The respondents who were better educated and had no systemic diseases had a higher score of 6.48 when a single item was used to determine their happiness index, and the respondents who were better educated and had no systemic diseases had a higher score of 3.82 when five items were used to rate their happiness index. The factor with the greatest influence on their scores on the OHIP-14 was the total symptoms, followed in order by the happiness index and self-rated oral health status. The variable that exerted the largest influence on the happiness index was the OHIP-14, followed by the self-rated health status, high-school or lower education, and the presence or absence of one or more chronic disease. Therefore, an improvement in the subjective awareness level is required to boost the quality of life, and a variety of health education programs should be prepared to raise the awareness level. In addition, there should be a chance to convey accurate information.