• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.154-165
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• 2020

With a long-lasting pandemic of COVID-19, we have faced unprecedented socioeconomic threats. The regulation of human exchange has exposed us not only to the threat of health and medical care problems, but also to the burden of the contraction of economic activity. The outbreak of COVID-19 did give us an opportunity to reexamine the social safety net which has been prepared for such crisis situations. The current study, in this vein, aims to investigate the impact of evaluations of social safety nets on the trust in government and on individual willingness to accept tax increases. To this end, this study has explored the data from a survey conducted on 1,000 adult men and women across the country (South Korea) in May, 2020, when COVID-19 has entered a pandemic phase. The analysis result then has shown that the evaluation of social safety net after the outbreak of COVID-19 had a positive impact on the trust in the government, which in turn led to the increase of the willingness to accept tax increases. Moreover, the positive impact of trust in government on the willingness to accept tax increases has been more amplified when the income level was increased. These results could contribute to laying the theoretical foundation for restructuring the policies and systems for the post COVID-19 era.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.4 s.55
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• pp.785-799
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• 1996

We investigated the 1,004 workers who worked in a automobile factory to study the epidemiologic characterists of dermatoses due to cutting oils. Among the workers, 667(66.4%) answered the questionaire. They are belong to 5 departments of the factory-the Engine-Work(258 workers), Gasoline engine Assembly(210), Diesel engine Assembly(96), Power train Work(86), Power train Assembly(17). We measured the oil mist concentration in air of the departments and examined the workers who had dermatologic symptoms. The results were follows; 1) Oil mist concentration ; Of all measured points(52),9 points(17.2%) exeeded $5mg/m^3$- the time-weighed PEL-and one department had a upper confidence limit(95%) higher than $5mg/m^3$. 2) Dermatologists examined 213 workers. 172 of them complained any skin symptoms at that time - itching(32.5%), papule(21.6%), scale(15.7%), vesicle(12.5%) in order. The abnormal skin site found by dermatologist were palm(29.3%), finger & nail(24.6%), forearm(16.2%), back of hand(8.4%) in order. 3) As the result of physical examination, we found that 160 workers had skin diseases. Contact dermatitis was the most common; 69 workers had contact dermatitis alone(43.1%), 11 had contact dermatitis with acne(6.9%), 10 had contact dermatitis with folliculitis(6.3%), 1 had contact dermatitis with acne & folliculitis, and 1 had contact dermatitis with abnormal pigmentation. Others were folliculitis(9 workers, 5.6%), acne(8, 5.0%), folliculitis & acne (2, 1.2%), keratosis(1, 0.6%), abnormal pigmentation (1, 0.6%), and non-specific hand eczema (47, 29.3%). 4) The prevalence of any skin diseases was 34.0 pet 100 in cutting oil users, and 13.3 per 100 in non- users. Especially, the prevalence of contact dermatitis was 23.0 per 100 in cutting oil users and 23.0 per 100 in non-users. 5) We tried patch test(standard serise, oil serise, organic solvents) on 49 patients to differentiate allergic contact dermatitis from irritant contact dermatitis and found 20 were positive. 6) In a multivariate analysis(independant=age, tenure, kinds of cutting oil), the risk of skin diseases was higher in the water-based cutting oil user and both oil user than non-user or neat oil user(odds ratio were 2.16 and 2.78, respectively). And the risk of contact dermatitis was much higher at the same groups(odds ratio were 5.16 and 6.82, respectively).

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02b
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• pp.598-607
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 실감공간에 대한 청소년의 반응을 바탕으로 향후 기술 개발 방향에 대한 조언을 하기 위하여 총 41명의 학생을 대상으로 소집단 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 시행하였다. 청소년들이 자주 사용하는 미디어의 종류와 이유, 미디어 사용에서 느끼는 불편한 점, 그들이 상상하는 미래형 미디어의 모습과 실감공간기술에 대한 반응을 묻고, 그 결과를 유형화하였다. 연구 결과 포커스 그룹 인터뷰 참가자들은 자주 사용하는 미디어로 휴대폰과, 인터넷, MP3, 활자 매체 등을 꼽았다. 활자매체의 장점으로는 높은 몰입도를, 인터넷의 장점으로는 편리한 인터페이스, 핸드폰의 장점으로는 이동성이 제기되었다. 그러나 핸드폰과 관련하여 청소년들은 불편한 인터페이스, 작은 용량과 빨리 닳는 배터리를 단점으로 지적했고 뉴미디어 공통적으로 느린 속도, 미디어에 의존하게 되는 강박증적 증세, 사생활 침해의 문제와 대인관계유지에 있어서의 부작용, 높은 이용료 등의 문제가 제기되었다. 이들은 일상생활이 미디어 이용에 의해 방해받고 있으며 미디어 이용으로 인해 불필요한 '필요'가 생겨나고 있다고 지적했다. 미래형 미디어에 대한 바람은 기존 미디어의 단점이 보완, 개선되는 측면에서 제시되었다. 더욱 편리해진 인터페이스와 기존 뉴미디어의 장점이 접목되는 방향의 미디어 통합도 요청되었다. 그러나 실감공간기술에 대해서는 긍정적인 반응보다는 부정적인 반응을 수적으로 우세해 주목을 끌었다. 진화된 형태의 미디어에 대해 긍정적인 반응을 보일 것이라는 예상과는 달리 실감공간기술이 기존의 면 대 면 대인관계를 파괴할 것이며 사생활을 침해하고 건강에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라는 등의 거부감과 공포를 구체적으로 피력한 것이다. 이러한 두려움(fear)은 선행연구에 따르면 사람들이 새로운 매체에 대해 갖는 두려움과 이로부터 발생하는 두려움에 대한 대응은 혁명적 변화의 가능성을 억압하여 기존의 질서와 새로운 질서가 공존하는 기간을 늘림으로써 미시적 차원에서 단절적 역사의 경험을 완화시키는 기능을 하는 것으로 해석된다. 따라서 연구 결과 나타난 실감공간 기술에 대한 부정적인 반응도 이러한 맥락에서 해석될 수 있다. 즉 인터뷰 참가자들이 피력한 두려움은 뉴미디어 도입과 함께 반복되는 현상이며 이것은 새로운 현상이 아니다. 두려움은 기존 질서와 새로운 질서가 공존하는 기간을 연장시킴으로써 완충재로서 기능한다. 따라서 향후 기술 개발과 확산 과정에서 실감공간기술의 긍정적인 면모에 대한 적극적인 홍보가 필요하며 수용자들의 바람과 신기술에 대한 공포감을 이해하고 이를 기술 개발 방향 설정에 적극적으로 반영하는 자세가 요청된다고 하겠다.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.156-161
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• 2001

We reported two cases of amantadine treatment in traumatic brain injury patients and reviewed the literature of amantadine treatment of those patients. Problems with short-term memory, attention, planning, problem solving, impulsivity, disinhibition, poor motivation, and other behavioral and cognitive deficit could occur following traumatic brain injury or other types of acquired brain injury. This report described results of amantadine using in two patients with this type of symptom profile. Patients received neuropsychiatric examination as well as BPRS and Barthel index. These patients were improved, respectively from 57 point to 82 point(case 1), from 85 to 94(case 2) in Barthel index, and from 66 point to 35 point(case 1), from 55 to 32 point(case 2) in BPRS. These two patients did not reveal any other adverse effect. The rationale for using amantadine were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.335-341
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of sulfate deposition un forest tree nutrition, 15 forest stands of Pinus thunbergii were selected throughout Yochon industrial complex, in which is influenced by chronic air pollution. Concentrations of sulfate sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were analysed fur current and 1-year-old needles of Pinus thunbergii tree. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Significant higher accumulation of sulfate S, computed with that of unpolluted needles, was observed at all sites, ranging front 0.11% to 0.35% in current needles, and from 0.13% to 0.32% in 1-year-old needles. 2. Ranging from 0.60% to 1.42% in current needles, and from 0.58% to 0.88% 1-year-old needles, respectively, nitrogen concentrations were significantly lower at 7 sites for current needles, and at all sites for 1-year-old needles than at unpolluted site. 3. Phosphorus and potassium levels were significantly lower at very few sites, compared with unpolluted site. 4. Calcium concentrations were significantly lower at 8 sites and 9 sites for current and 1-year old needles than at unpolluted site, ranging from 0.123% to 0.352% and from 0.201% to 0.371% in 1-year old needles, respectively. 5. Ranking from 0.077% to 0.152% in current needles, and from 0.056% to 0.105% in 1-year-old needles, magnesium concentrations were lower at only 2 sites for current needles tut at 12 sites for 1-year-old needles. 6. There were significant declines of concentrations of calcium and magnesium in current needles as sulfate accumulation increased. For 1-year-old needles, there were significant negative correlations-hips between sulfate and nitrogen, potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentration. It is concluded that deposition of sulfuric air pollutant deteriorated nutrients status, resulting in tree decline, in Pinus thunbergii forest in Yochon industrial complex.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.5-36
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• 2017

"The Candle Revolution" impeached the Park government and elected the Moon government. The candlelight protesters demonstrated public anger associated with accumulated corruption and deep-rooted irregularities. Complete political reform is required to perform deep fundamental reform. It aims to transform democracy in a way that is more inclusive. Inclusive democracy contributes to making welfare state stronger. Inclusive democracy is made possible by proportional representation that allows progressive parties more seats and leverages. Proportional representation systems are characterized by higher degrees of redistribution and larger welfare state. Constitutional reform has to be focused on introducing parliamentary government. "Imperialistic" presidential system in Korea has no mechanism of checks and balances which are key characteristics of presidential systems. It has failed to attend the poverty and social inequality arising from globalization and neoliberal change since 2000s. Parliamentary government is supposed to deliver social policy when parties are more disciplined than in presidential system where political parties remain weak.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 1993

Vitamin B6(pyridoxine, pyridoxamine. and pyridoxal) is a dietary requirement in relatively small quantities for growth, health, and function in animals and fish. The metabolically active B6 is pyridoxal-5-phosphate(PLP). It does function as a coenzyme in number of enzymes(PLP-dependent enzymes) in which amino acids are metabolized, including decarboxylases, aminotransferases, sulfhydrases, tryptophanase, and hydroxylases. Vitamin B6 requirement is higher for fish because fish are fed much higher protein diet than land animals. B6 is also involved in metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids and essential for the synthesis of heme and serotonin. Deficiency signs in fish develop quickly, in cluding nervous disorders, convulsions, poor swimming coordination, skin lesions, edema, exophthalmos, and tetany. The conversion of vitamin B6 to metabolically active form(PLP) is catalyzed by pyridoxal kinase and pridoxine(pyridoxamine) oxidase. In this review, we summarized in detail the enzymatic studies on vitamin B6 metabolism and about the mechanisms and properties of a PLP-dependent enzyme.