• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.347-360
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• 1995

악관절장애환자의 임상 평가를 위해서 고안된 여러 지수 중 현재 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 두개하악장애지수와 평가방법을 새로 고안한 변형 두 개하악장애 지수, 혼합두개하악장애지수를 비교하여 환자의 증상변화를 민감하게 감지하는 능력을 알아보고자 본연굴를 시행하였다. 두개하악장애지수의 기준에 따라 단국대학교 치과병원 구강내과에 내원한 악관절장애환자 20명을 대상으로 임상검사를 시행하여 두개하악장애지수, 변형두개하악장애지수, 혼합 두 개하악장애 지수를 산출하였다. 치료전, 치료후 2주, 치료후 4주에 수집된 결과를 각 지수간에 비교분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 악관절장애환자의 증상평가에서 변형두개하악장애지수가 환자의 증상변화를 가장 민감하게 감지하는 것으로 나타났다(P(0.05). 따라서 사용된 세가지 지수중 변형 두개하악장애지수가 악관절장애환자의 경과를 관찰할 때 증상변화를 관찰하기 위한 가장 효과적인 방법이라고 사료된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.167-174
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• 1985

It has been well recognized that the various cutaneous manifestations associated with the liver diseases. A clinical study was made of 255 patients (AVH 84, LC 70, HC 41, CAH 26, CPH 23, AH11) with the liver diseases at Yeungnam University Hospital during the periods from May to November, 1985. The authors classified the cutaneous manifestations into 7 groups according to pathogenesis, and compared them with other reports. The results were as follows; 1. In 255 patients with various liver diseases, 161 patients (63%) showed the various cutaneous manifestations. 2. The various cutaneous manifestations were jaundice and/or pruritus (43.1%), vascular changes (39.6%), allergic manifestations (10.6%), nail changes (5.1%), hormone-induced changes (4.3%), pigmentary changes (3.5%) and others (2.4%) in that order. 3. Cutaneous manifestations were associated most frequently with liver cirrhosis (1.6 groups) and the least with chronic active hepatitis (0.7 group). 4. Allergic manifestations were seen mainly in patients with acute viral hepatitis. Three patients showed the serum sickness-like prodrome. 5. The other cutaneous manifestations were seen mainly in patients with chronic liver diseases.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2009

Objectives : Thyroid function is associated with psychiatric disturbance such as mood symptoms, cognitive functions, anxiety and sleep problem. We evaluate the effects of thyroid dysfunction on negative symptoms of schizophrenia, mood symptoms and somatic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Sixty five patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The patients were classified into two groups; the patients with the history of abnormal thyroid indices level(group of abnormal thyroid function) and the patients without the history of normal thyroid indices level(group of normal thyroid function). At baseline and 8 weeks later, psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS), and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Somatosensory Amplication Scale(SSAS). Results : During 8 weeks, there were significant differences in the changes of SANS, BDI, SSAS between group of abnormal thyroid function and group of normal thyroid function. Compared to group of normal thyroid function, group of abnormal thyroid function showed greater reduction of the scores of SANS(23.3%), BDI (19.6%), and SSAS(16.2%), respectively. However, there was no significant correlation between the scores of SANS, BDI, and SSAS. Conclusion : Our study suggested that abnormal thyroid indices would predict the prognosis of negative symptoms, mood symptoms, and somatic symtpoms in patients with schizophrenia.

• 건강소식
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• v.31 no.1 s.338
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• pp.28-29
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• 2007

파킨슨병은 손 떨림과 함께 행동이 느려지고 몸이 굳어지며, 보행이 느려지고 보폭이 짧아지며 자세가 불안해지는 것을 특징으로 하는 퇴행성 뇌질환이다. 파킨슨병의 가장 초기 증상은 비특이적으로 전신 위약감이나 피로감, 권태감 등이 있을 수 있는데 이럴 때는 병으로 인식하지 못하는 경우가 많고, 또 진단을 내리기도 어렵다. 좀 더 특징적인 증상들로는 휴식 상태에서의 손떨림이 가장 흔하며, 대화 시 발음 혹은 억양의 변화, 누웠을 때 혹은 보행 중 방향 바꾸기가 어렵다거나 걸을 때 팔의 흔들림이 줄어드는 증상들이 있을 수 있다. 이 외에도 걸음을 시작할 때 어려움을 느끼거나 의자에 앉거나 일어서기가 어렵고 글씨체가 작아진다든가 우울증, 침 흘리는 증상 등이 초기 증상으로 나타날 수 있다. 파킨슨병의 증상은 크게 일차적 증상과 이차적 증상으로 나눌 수 있는데 일차적 증상은 경직, 떨림, 몸의 움직임이 느리거나 줄어들고, 몸의 균형을 잡기 어렵거나 보행 장애 등의 증상들로서 흑색질의 신경세포 파괴로 생기는 직접적인 현상이다. 이차적 증상은 일차적 증상으로부터 파생되어 생기거나 흑색질 외의 다른 신경계의 침범에 의하여 생기는 증상들을 지칭한다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-70
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• 1998

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of structural and functional changes of the brain in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Methods : The authors measured the regions of interest on the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in 20 patients with paranoid schizophrenia(15 men and 5 women) and 23 control subjects(15 men and 8 women). We also assessed the neurocognitive functions with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Benton Neuropsychological Assessment, and the Weschler IQ test-Korean version, soft neurologic signs, and psychiatric symptoms in the patient group. Results : In the patient group, all ventricles and basal ganglia including caudate nucleus and globus pallidus were significantly enlarged. Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in the values of right frontal lobe and left temporal lobe, there was a tendency of decrease in the values of right frontal lobe and left temporal lobe. There were significant positive correlations between the values of ventricles and the frequency of previous hospitalization. However, there were no significant correlations between other values of regions of interest and clinical data. The value of the right frontal lobe was significantly correlated with the score of soft neurologic signs, which is suggestive of the neurodevelopmental abnormalities. There were significant correlations between the value of frontal lobe and the scores of the various subscales of Benton Neuropsychiatric Inventory. In contrast, the value of left amygdala and putamen showed significant correlation with the score of verbal IQ on the Weschler IQ test. Structural changes of the temporal lobe areas were related with the positive and general symptom scores on PANSS, while those of the basal ganglia were related with the negative symptom scores. Conclusions : These results suggest that the structural changes of the brain in the patients with schizophrenia show the dual process, which is suggestive that the enlarged ventricle show the neurodegenerative process, while enlarged basal ganglia, and shrinked right frontal and left temporal lobe show the neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Among these changes, structural changes of the frontal lobe related with various neuropsychological deficits, while those of left temporal lobe related with language abnormality. Relative to the relation between structural changes and psychiatric symptoms, structural changes of the temporal lobe areas were related with the positive and general symptoms, while those of the basal ganglia were related with the negative symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.123-138
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• 2010

After selecting a group of women with premenstrual syndrome based on daily distress scores of 28 days, one needs to estimate threshold for the change of symptoms, which would be useful for the clinician's diagnosis in hospitals. However, a test of whether a change has occurred has to precede the estimation of the threshold. In this paper, we apply parametric and nonparametric testing methods to an example data obtained from a group of women. Nonparametric method does not assume any distributional form of distress scores and parametric testing method is based on the normal distributions of linear regression lines. Therefore, the optimal situation of both methods would be different and we will assess it with a simulation study.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.186-197
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• 2000

This study evaluated the improvement of autistic symptoms during the 4-7 year follow-up in autistic children. Fifty subjects(44 males and 6 females whose age ranged between one to 13 years) diagnosed with DSM-III-R autistic disorder were included in this study. Their autistic symptoms were assessed with DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria of autistic disorder(grouped as A, B and C which include 5, 6 and 5 items respectively). The mean of follow-up duration was 6.4${\pm}$1.1 years. Symptoms between baseline and follow-up were examined according to treatment types, age, sex, IQ and physical problems of them were identified. There were statistically significant decreases of symptom items at follow-up as a whole and A, B and C, respectively. The most symptom decrease occurred in communication and followed social interaction, and activities and interests at follow-up assessment. Symptom items that decreased more than 50% at follow-up evaluation include A1, A2, A3 and B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, and C1, C3. Groups with special education only and combined treatment of special education and seizure pharmacotherapy showed better improvement of symptoms than the group with psychiatric pharmacotherapy with special education. Age was a significant factors in the improvement of symptoms. The author concluded that some autistic children improved with aging, therefore they should be treated actively with special education, pharmacothrapy and other scientific methods.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2004

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether longitudinal changes in positive and negative symptoms affect cognitive functioning in chronic schizophrenia. Methods: Sixty-eight patients diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia were examined on two occasions over 6 months for symptoms and cognitive changes. Symptoms were measured by PANSS. Cognitive functions were examined for sustained attention, executive function, concentration and attention, and verbal memory and learning using Degraded Stimulus Continuous Performance Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Digit Span, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, respectively. Twenty control subjects were assessed to compare the cognitive scores of remitted schizophrenic patients. Results: Patients showed significant improvement in symptoms and all cognitive tests after 6 months treatments. Significant improvements in positive and negative symptoms did not predict improvements in any aspect of cognitive functioning measured. Normal controls performed significantly better than remitted schizophrenic patients on all cognitive tests. The results show no relationship between change in symptoms and change in cognition in chronic schizophrenia. Conclusion: We suggest that symptomatic and cognitive impairment may be a distinct construct. These findings highlight the importance of treating cognitive impairment in addition to the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.101-103
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• 2003

일상생활에서 컴퓨터 사용은 많은 시간을 차지하고 있다. 다한 증상의 사용자나 환자가 장시간 컴퓨터 마우스를 사용하게 되면 손의 땀으로 작업 중 불편함을 겪게 된다. 본 연구에서는 땀 발생으로 변화되는 피부 전도도 (저항)의 변화를 전압의 변화로 측정하여, 측정된 전압 값이 지정된 번호에 포함되면 자동으로 송풍 팬이 구동되는 컴퓨터용 마우스를 개발하였다. 사용자의 땀 분비와 관련된 피부 전도도의 변화는 마우스에 부착된 금속 전극을 이용하여 측정하였고, DAQ 보드를 통해 컴퓨터(PC)에 전달하고 user interface 창에 디스플레이 시키도록 하였다. 마우스 패드 아래에 부착된 송풍 팬의 구동 제어는 LabVIEW Program을 이용하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2000

호흡기 바이러스 감염은 모든 연령층의 천식에 상당한 영향을 미치는 데 영아에서 RSV는 천명을 야기하고 대부분 일시적이나 재발성 일수도 있다. 어릴 때 바이러스 감염은 면역체계 형성에 영향를 미쳐 알러지와 천식의 위험을 완하할 수있다고 한다. 또한 소아와 성인 천식에서 RV같은 감기 바이러스는 천식의 급성 증상을 유발한다. 호흡기 바이러스 감염에 대한 면역반응이, 기관지로 부터 바이러스 제거 기능외에 기도수축과 호흡기 증상에 관여한다고 한다. 이러한 변화가 일어나는 기전은 호흡기 바이러스가 proinflammatory 사이토카인과 매개체 생성을 유도하는 능력과 연관성이 있는 것 같고 이들이 상하기도 호흡기 증상 및 기도반응 변화에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다. 호흡기 바이러스 감염에 대한 면역반응을 요약하면 바이러스 감염으로 상피세포, 내피세포, 과립백혈구가 활성화되며, 상피세포는 사이토카인, 키모카인, 매개체들을 분비하여 항 면역 반응를 주도하다. 이와 같은 상피세포와 다른 기관지 세포들의 조기 활성화로 내피 세포에 유착분자 표현을 증가시켜 백혈구 동원 증가 및 혈관 투과성을 증가시켜 부종과 분비물을 증가시킨다. 바이러스 또는 바이러스 유발 사이토카인에 의해 활성화된 과립 백혈구, 대식세포, T세포들도 기도염증 증가, 기도폐쇄를 야기하고 기도반응을 증가시킨다. 세포독성 임파구에 의한 바이러스 감염세포의 분해, TGF-$\beta$ IL-10 같은 사이토카인에 의해 부분적으로 염증억제, 기도 remoldeling에 의한 기도구조의 재생등이 바이러스 감염후 기관지 기능의 지속적 변화를 결정한다. 끝으로 천식환자에서 RV 감염의 병인에 관한 기본적 문제는 RV감염이 정상인에서는 경한 증상을 나타내는 데 천식환자에서는 왜 심한 임상증상을 나타내는지 아직 완전히 밝혀지지 않았다. 항 바이러스에 대한 면역반응이 천식환자에서 손상되었는지 또는 천식환자에서 RV감염에 의한 중증의 임상증상은 어떤 다른 세포가 관여하는지? 이들에 대한 답은 기도염증이 천식에서 어떻게 조절되는지 또한 바이러스 감염에 의한 악화된 증상을 어떻게 치료할 것인가에 대한 방향을 제시해줄 것이다.