• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.155-182
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• 1999

중국은 급속한 경제성장으로 인해서 에너지의 소비량이 급증하였으며 이는 석탄의 급증을 동시에 유발하였다 이러한 석탄 사용의 증가는 국내적으로는 대기오염의 악화를 초래하고 있으며, 국외적으로는 산성비의 원인이 되고 있다. 한편 수질오염도 심각하며 주원인으로는 도시폐기물이 약 40%, 산업폐기물로 인한 수질오염이 60% (1981 - 1995)을 차지하고 있으며 폐수처리물은 산업폐수가 77%이나 도시의 폐수처리는 7%에 불과한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 환경오염으로 인한 총 사회적 비용은 1995년도의 경우 GDP의 8%로 추정되고 있으나 중국의 경제 성장이 현재와 같이 지속되고 청정생산, 에너지 효율 향상이 되면 2020년에 '95년의 사회적 비용의 75% 수준까지 저감시킬 것으로 세계은행은 예상하고 있다. (세계은행, 1998) 중국이 환경문제를 해결하기 위해서는 우선 에너지 효율 향상과 에너지 공급원의 다양화를 추진하는 것이며, 산업 보일러와 로에서 발생하는 배출량에 대한 저감에 대해서 노력해야 한다. 특히 수질오염의 방지를 위해서도 거의 무방지 지대인 중소기업에 대한 폐수처리 시설의 확충도 시급한 실정이며 자동차와 관련한 대기오염의 방지도 중요하다. 특히 시장 기능의 활성화를 유도하기 위해서는 공기업에게도 철저한 환경규제를 적용시켜야 하며, 환경비용의 내부화를 기하기 위해서 가격제도의 도입과 국제 무역의 자유화를 조기에 추진함으로서 환경기반산업을 육성할 수 있을 것이며 최소한 GDP의 1% 정도 되는 환경투자가 필요하다고 본다.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2017

By applying the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process), we have analyzed the importance and the order for priorities to the management risk factors of Korean SMEs & Venture companies in China. The major management risk factors of manufacturing companies were the rise in labor costs followed by fierce competition in the marketplace, problems involved with human resource management and the rise in the cost of materials. In the case of companies manufacturing electronic products, the rise of labor costs and alteration in government's tax policy were seen as the main risk factors. In the case of chemical product manufacturing companies, the reinforcement of environmental protection law and in automobile component manufacturing companies, apart from the rise in labor cost, the increase in raw materials costs were analyzed as the main risk factors. While considering the time period, the main risk factors of the companies that entered China in the 1990's were fierce competition and alteration in government's tax policy and for the companies that entered China in the 2000's, increase in raw material cost, the rise in labor cost etc were analyzed to be the main risk management factors.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.367-408
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• 2018

This study examines the features of globalization process in GM and Hyundai Motors, especially in the expansion into China auto market, through a joint venture(hereafter JV) research center. Due to the large scale market in China and the 50:50 JV, the two companies had to respond in some way to the Chinese government's request for localization of research and development functions, and their response affected the role of the JV research center. Even though the improvement in technological capability expected from the JV by the Chinese side did not appear well in the early stage in both JV, but relatively the Shanghai GM JV research center had a technological progress compared to the Beijing Hyundai JV research center. This paper explains the differences in the technical capabilities of the two JV research center, despite the same type of JV, as the difference between the status of the Chinese partner and the global strategy of the parent company. SAIC, a Chinese partner in Shanghai GM as a top-tier company, not only has been strongly demanding technology transfer from GM since the beginning of the JV, but has also made efforts to improve its own technical capabilities. Meanwhile, BAIC, a Chines partner in Beijing Hyundai as a mid-tier company, has not been strongly demanding technology transfer and lacked its own research base. Regarding the parent company's global strategy, although both companies controlled the core areas of research and development by their parent companies, GM actively considered using the Chinese RV to develop Chinese and emerging country vehicles. On the other hand, Hyundai Motors responded to the localization demand of the Chinese government while paying more attention to preventing technology leakage through its independent research center in China. The above discussion shows that the process of globalization of a company is a political process in which the global strategy of the parent company and the demands of the stakeholders surrounding the subsidiary are collided and compromised, rather than a process in which the harmony and cooperation between the parent company and its subsidiaries are smoothly achieved as the parent company's policies are unilaterally implemented.

• The Optical Journal
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• s.153
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• pp.47-62
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• 2014

${\blacksquare}$ 목적 * 우리나라 주력산업분야(자동차, 조선, 항공, 기계, 로봇, 반도체 등)에 절단, 가공, 용접, 리소그라피, 마킹, 열처리, 합성, 표면처리 등의 방식으로 활용되고, 융 복합산업(의료, 에너지, 영상, 군수, 신소재, 센서)에 광원으로 응용되는 산업용 고출력 레이저의 산업 생태계 분석을 통하여 기존 산업의 고부가화와 신산업의 경쟁력을 견인 ${\blacksquare}$ 주요현황 * (시장현황) 2011년부터 2014년까지 고출력 레이저의 시장규모는 4,452백만불(5조 463억원)에서 5,255백만불(5조 9,565억원)으로 연평균 5.7% 성장 전망 * (제품기술동향) 3세대 레이저인 광섬유 레이저와 고출력 다이오드 레이저, DPSS 레이저 등이 기술혁신을 거듭하면서 1, 2세대 레이저를 대체해 가면서 높은 수준의 성장을 거듭할 것으로 전망. 산업용레이저의 주요선진국 대비 국내 기술수준은 전체적으로 44.5%정도로 취약 * (기업동향) Coherent, Trumpf, Cymer, IPG Photonics, Rofin-Sinar 5개사가 전체시장의 55%이상을 점유하고 있으며 대부분 수직계열화를 통해 경쟁력 확보. 최근 중국의 Han's 사가 자국정부의 지원을 통해 급 부상 ${\blacksquare}$ 시사점 * 산업용 레이저를 이용한 응용기술 부분 투자가 과거에는 단기 경제적 성취는 이로웠으나, 현재에 이르러 레이저 혹은 레이저 시스템이 필요할 때마다 외국에서 관련 핵심부품, 모듈 등을 수입해야하는 실정에 이르렀음. 향후 레이저 국산화를 위한 노력과 함께 후방 소재.부품의 전략적 투자를 통해 산업의 건강한 선순환생태 환경을 조성하여 산업 경쟁력을 갖추어야 함.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2020

The remarkable change in the automobile industry, which is a traditional industrial field, is now evolving into a form of moving toward autonomous functions rather than humans due to various convenience functions and automatic driving or autonomous driving technologies if the person was central when driving the car. This situation is expanding to various industries such as the aviation industry and the drone market, as well as the robot market. The drone market in the aviation industry is being used in various fields due to the unmanned nature of drone operation. Among them, military drones are secret and due to the specificity of technology, details are not disclosed, but as a collection of advanced technologies, they have played a key role in drone development. In this study, the current status of China and the European Union, including the United States, which are major competitors in the drone field, was investigated, and the technologies of major countries were compared and analyzed through the characteristics and operational specifications of the drones currently in operation.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.160-177
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• 2019

In this study, we examined the distribution of dealers and the repair parts management system of a Japanese car manufacturer in the Chinese market in looking at the case of Toyota. We conducted our research by obtaining information from a GAC Toyota dealer about the current distribution of dealers and locations of warehouses throughout China, as well as the status of stocks and the distribution system for repair and maintenance parts. The results of our investigation showed that although GAC Toyota has 437 dealers throughout the country, there is an imbalance in distribution towards the coastal areas, after the population ratios and other measurements are factored in. Therefore, it can be said expansion towards the inland regions, where demand for automobiles has increased in recent years, has been stunted. On the other hand, there is a high correlation between gross GDP by region and the number of stores, and it can be pointed out that the company prioritizes the sale of high-priced vehicles in major coastal areas where the economy is large, rather than selling low-priced vehicles for inland consumers with a relatively small economic scale. The company also has difficulty in securing dealers that can provide sufficient after-sales service. According to the regulations of GAC Toyota, the company require dealers to have at least 1,500 repair and maintenance parts in stock. Also, when exchanging maintenance parts, GAC Toyota's emphasis is on increasing customer satisfaction by giving sufficient explanations for customers and obtaining consent from them. As a result, the company's dealers need financial resources to continue their business from a long-term perspective. However, it can be pointed out that such dealers are limited, and it is difficult to distribute profits among manufacturers and dealers.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.613-636
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• 2009

This paper examines the performance of assessing sponsors and non-sponsors recall and recognition at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games perceived by Korean and Chinese university students. Using a sample of 1,573 respondents, a survey was administered in Seoul and Beijing before and after Games to compare the recall and recognition that changed between two periods. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of the 2008 Beijing Olympic sponsorship has was lower than we expected. Results were founded that while Samsung(mobile), Coca-cola, McDonald's, and Visa achieved the desired sponsorship marketing effectiveness in Korea. On the other hand, non-sponsors of Nike, Dell, AIG, Samsung(computer) and Hyundai led to obtain the benefit and resulted in increasing consumer confusion as to who is a sponsor. In China, Samsung, Coca-cola, Lenovo, Volkswagen, Visa, and PICC achieved the desired sponsorship marketing effectiveness. On the other hand, Lining, Nokia, KFC, China Merchants Bank had some impact on the effectiveness of a rival brand from an official sponsor's product category. The paper concludes by considering some issues for sponsorship marketers.

• The Optical Journal
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• s.149
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• pp.14-17
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• 2014

산업연구원에서 발표한 '2014년 경제 산업 전망'에 따르면 세계 경제의 완만한 회복세와 수출 증가, 내수 회복세 확산 등으로 2014년 우리나라의 국민총생산(GDP) 증가율이 3.7%에 이를 것으로 예상된다. 수출은 세계경제 회복세에 힘입어 전년에 비해 증가세가 확대되나, 우리의 주요 수출시장인 신흥권의 성장 둔화로 증가율이 크게 높아지기는 어려울 전망이다. 2014년 수출은 약 6.7%, 수입은 약 9% 증가하고 무역흑자는 328억 달러 내외를 기록할 전망이다. 민간소비는 가계부채 부담이 제약요인으로 작용하나 수출 회복에 힘입은 소득 상승, 유가 안정과 환율 하락에 따른 교역조건 개선 등으로 전년보다 높은 3%대 초반의 증가가 예상된다. 2014년 10대 주력산업은 미국, 유럽연합(EU) 등 선진국의 경기 회복과 주력산업의 경쟁력 강화에 따라 일반기계(8.5%), 자동차(6.7%), 정보통신기기(7.1%), 반도체(6.8%) 등의 수출이 호조를 보일 것으로 예측된다. 반면 디스플레이 수출 증가율은 3%에 그치며 철강(-0.1%)과 조선(-0.4%)의 수출은 부진할 전망이다. 신흥국 경기회복정도, 원화강세와 엔화약세 등의 환율요인, 중국업체들의 글로벌 입지 확대 등이 이들 주력산업 성장의 주요 변수로 작용할 전망이다.

• The Optical Journal
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• s.155
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• pp.66-80
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• 2015

본 논문은 지식경제부 한국산업기술평가관리원의 LED시스템조명 기술개발사업(10042947, 멀티센서 기반의 데이터 통신모듈과 드라이버 IC/프로세서 제어부품 등을 탑재한 200cc 이하의 LED 시스템조명 기술개발) 연구사업의 일환으로 작성되었음. 세계 각국은 자국의 안정적인 에너지 공급과 저탄소 녹색성장을 위해 장 단기적인 정책을 다양하게 펼치고 있다. 그 중 고효율, 친환경 광원인 LED는 국가의 에너지 정책 추진의 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. LED 조명은 기존 백열등 형광등 할로겐을 대체 할뿐만 아니라 휴대전화, 자동차, BLU(Back Light Unit) 등 다양한 분야에 적용할 수 있기 때문에 시장잠재력이 크다. 본고에서는 미국, 유럽, 중국, 일본의 LED 조명산업 관련 정책을 살펴보고 정책적 시사점을 도출하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.747-749
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• 2012

This paper is analyzing the SoC policy of major nations as the U.S, Japan, Europe, Taiwan, China and draw the suggestions for the development of semiconductor industry in Korea. SoC is the non-memory semiconductor to support and put into action the function of system. SoC is big market over the 200billion dollars and have a huge potential for new IT convergence market. Developed countries as the US, Japan, and Europe have enforced the industrial competitiveness by company investment and Taiwan supported the SoC Industry by government fund. Korea is No.1 superpower in DRAM semiconductor, but very weak in SoC Industry. We should secure the competitiveness of SoC Industry by the development of core technology, planning the growth policy, and building the cooperative model to leap the SoC power nation.