• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2002.07d
• /
• pp.2589-2591
• /
• 2002

송수신기의 방식에는 직접변환 방식과 기저대역 신호와 LO(Local Oscillator)를 혼합하여 interpolation 기법을 사용하여 중간 주파수 단계까지 up conversion을 하고 두 번째 LO와 IF신호를 혼합하여 RF신호로 변환하여 송신하는 헤테로다인 방식이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 이런 송수신기 방식 중에서 헤테로다인 방식을 적용하여 QPSK에서의 digital up /down converter를 Simulink 환경에서 설계 및 구현하였다. Up converter는 4배의 interpolation 필터와 4단짜리 cascaded integrate-comb(CIC)필터를 사용하여 입력데이터의 샘플 레이트를 클럭 레이트까지 증가시켰으며, numerically controlled oscillator (NCO)와 mixer를 사용하여 신호를 변조하였다. Down converter의 구조는 up converter와 동일하며 단지 up converter의 반대순서로 구성되어있다. 이런 모든 과정을 Simulink를 이용한 시뮬레이션과 스펙트럼 분석기를 사용하여 검증해 보았다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 1984

In SAW filters with a small aperture, diffraction effect is not negligible and degrades the frequency response near the trap. A computer simulation program for diffraction analysis is developed, and an effective diffraction compensation method is proposed to compensate the diffraction effect. A TV-lF SAW filter was designed with the diffraction taken account by the proposed method, which satisfies given frequency specifications.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2001

We show that image make converts of multiplex resolution using wavelet transform algorithm. To evaluate the robustness. we have measured comparison or similarity using various sequences which is inserted important coefficient of middle frequency band. The wavelet transform is advantage that it has a special quality of frequency domain and a special quality of spatial domain. Watermark is used pseudo random number, gaussian sequence, chaos sequence and sobel sequence. As result of experiments, it is to certify that The chaos sequence similarity is higher than other sequence. So the chaos sequence will be used for watermark sequence.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2000

공개키 암호 시스템 중에서 가장 널리 사용되는 RSA 암호 시스템은 키의 분배와 권리가 용이하고, 디지털 서명이 가능한 장점이 있으나, 암호화와 복호화 과정에서 512 비트 이상의 큰 수에 대한 멱승과 모듈라 감소 연산이 요구되기 때문에 처리 속도의 지연이 큰 문제가 되므로 모듈라 멱승 연산의 고속 처리가 필수적이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 몫을 추정하여 중간 곱의 크기를 제한하는 interleaved 모듈라 곱셈 기법을 이용하여 모듈라 멱승 연산을 수행하는 고속 RSA 암호 칩을 VHDL을 이용하여 모델링하고 Faraday FG7000A 라이브러리를 이용하여 합성하고 타이밍 검증하여 단일 칩 IC로 구현하였다. 구현된 암호 칩은 75,000 게이트 수준으로 합성되었으며, 동작 주파수는 50MHz이고 1회의 RSA 연산을 수행하는데 소요되는 전체 클럭 사이클은 0.25M이며 512비트 당 처리 속도는 102.4Kbit/s였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.477-483
• /
• 2008

The paper introduces mobile handset multi-band chip antenna to be used on meander line PIFA structure and parasite patch. The proposed antenna uses an FR-4 substrate. The top layer is consist of meander lines PIFA structure to implement GSM900 and is connected with each rad and meander line on the via-hole for maximize space efficiency. The middle layer is designed with the signal line and gap to implement a DCS and PCS bands, the bottom layer which is added to a parasite patch on the ground can be show an adjust of frequency and impedance character by the connection of the radiators of middle layer and coupling. The fabricated antenna with the dimension of $28{\times}6{\times}4\;mm^3$. The ground plane a dimension of $45{\times}90\;mm$, designed by a commercial software CST simulator. The experimental results show that the bandwidth for(VSWR<3) is 90($875{\sim}965$) MHz in GSM900 band operation and 380($1,670{\sim}2,050$) MHz in DCS, PCS band operation. The maximum gains of antenna are 0.25 dBi, 3.65 dBi and 3.3 dBi at resonance frequencies and it has omni-directional pattern practically.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.70-74
• /
• 1999

The electrode kinetic parameters at the Pd/0.5 M LiOH electrolyte interface have been qualitatively studied using the phase-shift method. The phase shift $(\phi)$ depends on both the cathode potential (E>0) and frequency (f), and $\theta$ is inversely proportional to the fractional surface coverage $\theta$. At an intermediate frequency (10 Hz), the phase-shift profile $(\phi\;vs.\;E)$ can be related to the fractional surface coverage $(\theta\;vs.\;E)$. The phase-shift method can be used to estimate or plot the Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The rate (r) of change of the free energy of adsorption with $({\theta})$ is 22.3 kJ/mol. The equilibrium constant (K) for adsorption and the standard free energy $({\Delta}G_{\theta})$ of the adsorbed hydrogen atom $(H_{ads})$ are $3.7\times10^{-3}{\Delta}G_{\theta}>-8.4kJ/mol$, respectively. For 1$0.38>\theta>0$, the energy liberation or the exothermic reaction for hydrogen adsorption at the Pd cathode can be occurred. The electrode kinetic parameters $(r,\;K,\;{\Delta}G_{\theta}$ depend on the fractional surface coverage $({\theta})$ or the phase shift $(\phi)$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.49 no.11
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2012

Conventional physical activity monitoring systems, which use accelerometers, global positioning system (GPS), heartbeats, or body temperature information, showed limited performances due to their own restrictions on measurement environment and measurable activity types. To overcome these limitations, we developed a portable exercise analysis system that can analyze aerobic exercises as well as isotonic exercises. For bioelectric signal acquisition during exercise, waist belt with two body contact electrodes was used. For exercise analysis, the measured signals were firstly divided into two signal groups with different frequency ranges which can represent respiration related signal and muscular motion related signal, respectively. After then, power values, differential of power values, and median frequency values were selected for feature values. Selected features were used as inputs of support vector machine (SVM) to classify the exercise types. For verification of statistical significance, ANOVA and multiple comparison test were performed. The experimental results showed 100% accuracy for classification of aerobic exercise and isotonic resistance exercise. Also, classification of aerobic exercise, isotonic resistance exercise, and hybrid types of exercise revealed 92.7% of accuracy.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2001

In this paper, a fast and easy impedance matching method, which could give the impedance matching component for the general 1 or 2-port network was introduced. First, the entire network structure was defined which consists of the network part to be matched and the impedance matching part composed of inductors and capacitors. Next, the transmission matrix and input and output impedances of the entire network from the terminal impedance conditions were calculated, then the exact solutions for the matching components were obtained. To verify the efficiency of this method, this method was applied to the CDMA If band withdrawal weighted SAW transversal filter, and investigated the effects of the impedance matching before and after, through the simulation and experiment. As the result, the performance of a fractional bandwidth of 1.2%, insertion loss of 29 dB, and VSWR of 80 have improved to a factional bandwidth of 1.8％, insertion loss of 9 dB, VSWR of 3 at 85.38 MHz center frequency. The result shows that this impedance matching method could be used in the SAW devices and other types of 1 or 2-port network.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2003

To inspect how the different sensitivities in BAS(or BIS) modulate on the HRV pattern stimulated by positive or negative affective sound, we measured the electrocardiogram(ECG) of 25 students(male : 14), consisted of 4 groups depending on the BAS(or BIS) sensitivity, during listening meditation music or being exposed to noise. The power spectral density(PSD) of HRV was derived from the ECG, and the power of HRV was calculated for 3 major frequency ranges(low frequency[LF], medium frequency[MF], and high frequency[HF]). We found that the index of MF/(LF+HF), during listening music, was higher significantly in the individuals with a low BIS but high BAS than in the individuals with a low sensitivity in both BIS and BAS. Especially in the former group, there was a tendency that the index was higher during listening music than during being exposed to noise. For individuals with a high BIS, regardless of the BAS sensitivity, the difference of this index values was not significant. From these results we suggest that individuals with a low BIS but high BAS are more sensitive to positive affective stimuli than other groups, and the index of MF/(LF+HF) is applicable to evaluate positive and negative affects.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.44 no.11
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2007

For successful implementation of multi-standard transmitter, reconfigurable architecture and component design are essential. This paper presents a reconfigurable CMOS power amplifier designed CMOS 0.25 um process. Designed power amplifier can be operated at 0.9, 1.2, 1.75, and 1.85 GHz. Also, it can be used at 2.4 GHz by using bonding wire inductor. The interstage matching network is composed of two inductors and four switches, and operation frequency can be varied by controlling switches. Proposed power amplifier can be used as a power amplifier in low power applications such as ZigBee or Bluetooth application and used as a driver amplifier in high power application such as CDMA application. Designed power amplifier has 18.2 dB gain and 10.3 dBm output power at 0.9 GHz. Also, it represented 10.3 (18.1) dB gain and 5.2 (10) dBm output power at 1.75 (2.4) GHz.