• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2006

An accurate prediction of budburst in grapevines is indispensable for vineyard frost warning system operations in spring because cold tolerance depends heavily on phonology. However, existing frost warning systems utilize only daily minimum temperature forecasts since there is no way to estimate the site-specific phonology of grapevines. A budburst estimation model based on thermal time was used to project budburst dates of two grapevine cultivars (Kyoho and Campbell Early), and advisories were issued depending on phonology as well as temperature. A 'warning' is issued if two conditions are met: the forecasted daily minimum temperature falls below $-1.5^{\circ}C$ and the estimated phonology is within the budburst period. A 'watch' is issued for a temperature range of -1.5 to $+1.5^{\circ}C$ with the same phonology condition. Validation experiments were done at 8 vineyards in Anseong in spring 2005, and the results showed a good agreement with the observations. This method was applied to the climatological normal year (1971-2000) to determine sites with high frost risk at a 30 m grid cell resolution. Among 608,585 grid cells constituting Anseong, 1,059 cells were identified as high risk for growing Kyoho and 2,788 cells for Campbell Early.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.371-388
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• 2004

EU is enlarging geographically by the process of expansion and is intensifying the economic bloc by the formation of European Union and European Monetary Union. This situation increases the direct investment in the intra-EU members and changes the intra-EU flows. First, EU is formed by the economic geographical space of the North and the South with a differentiation of economic factors and the degree of economic development. The North played a leading role for an augmentation of the intra-EU direct investment after the formation of EU. Second, the manufacturing industry of the intra-EU direct investment by industry was increased remarkably. In the intra-EU direct investment flow by region and industry, the South made relatively an outflow of the service industry and an inflow of the manufacturing industry. But the North made an outflow of the manufacturing industry and an inflow of the service industry. Third, in the intra-EU direct investment flows by manufacturing industry, the North concentrated in the petro-chemistry, metal-machinery and agro-food industry, however, the South which have relatively weak competitiveness compared to the North tends to show balanced investment patterns in all industries.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.657-669
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• 2018

In recent years, the development of complex urban areas has become saturated and much attention has been focused on the development of underground space, and deep excavation is frequently performed in order to increase the utilization of underground space due to the enlargement of buildings and the high rise of buildings. Therefore, in this study, we tried to understand the behavior of the braced wall and the behavior of the tunnel adjacent to the wall according to the stiffness of the wall and the distance between the tunnel and wall. As a result of the study, the deformation of the braced wall tended to decrease with increasing the stiffness of the wall, and the axial force acting on the struts was also different according to the stiffness of braced wall. When the stiffness of the braced wall is small (2 mm), the point at which the axial force of the braces maximizes is near 0.3H of the wall. When the stiffness of the braced wall is large (5 mm), the axial force is maximum at around 0.7H of the wall. Also, the tunnel convergence occurred more clearly when the separation distance from the braced wall was closer, the stiffness of the wall was smaller, and the tunnel convergence was concentrated to the lower right part. The ground settlement due to the excavation of the ground tended to decrease as the distance between tunnel and braced wall was closer to that of the tunnel, which is considered to be influenced by the stiffness of the tunnel.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.38-61
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• 2019

Up until the early twentieth century in Germany, there were two research trends: 1) emphasizing objectives and making detailed observations of archaeological artifacts and sites, 2) tracing the remains of specific nations or ethnic groups and defining their temporal-spatial boundaries by conducting research on material culture in terms of nationalism or ethnocentrism. After the Second World War ended and Germany was divided, West German archaeology focused on observations of artifacts and sites, cataloging them, and doing research on chronology and distribution following their own traditional methodologies. East German archaeology attempted to prove the developing process of history and its Marxist principles based upon material culture and to examine the historic value of inherent specific cultural heritage based on criteria regarding how it corresponded to socialism and contributed to the development of socialism. Nevertheless, East and West German archaeology shared traditional archaeological methods inherited from German archaeology since the nineteenth century, and contact between archaeologists in West and East Germany continued to a degree. Furthermore, East German archaeology produced significant archaeological achievements acknowledged by West German and European archaeologists. These facts provided the momentum to complete rapid incorporation of the archaeologies of West and East Germany in spite of a one-sided process imposed by West German archaeology. In the case of Korea, it seems necessary to make an effort to share common research history and traditions and to encourage mutual academic exchange (e.g. joint excavation and archaeological research). Furthermore, it is also imperative to have open-minded attitudes toward accepting substantial results and interpretations achieved by North Korean archaeologists under scrutiny when and where necessary, despite seeming to have been fossilized by Marxism and Juche ideology. Any efforts to narrow the gap in archaeological research and conservation of cultural heritage between the archaeologies of South and North Korea should be made immediately. The case of Germany demonstrates how such a project could proceed efficaciously.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2000

Objectives：Present study developed the computerized ADHD Diagnostic System(ADS) in order to diagnose ADHD and evaluate treatment effect of it, and conducted a standardization study for ADS. Methods：The normative group was composed of 847 children and adolescents between the age of 5 and 15(boy 429, girl 418) living in the areas of Seoul, Kyunggi-do, and Kangwon-do. 30 ADHD children with age ranged 7 to 9 years were participated present study to evaluate the validity of ADS. To establish the norms for diagnosing ADHD, the means and standard deviations of normative group were used to calculate T-scores for each age group. Results：The reliability coefficient of ADS(Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) was .85. There were significant differences in the measures of ADS except commission error between the normal and the ADHD groups. Three factors were extracted through factor analysis of ADS, which were labelled 'inattention', 'slow information processing' and 'impulsivity'. Discriminant analysis showed that ADS significantly discriminate the normal and the ADHD groups. Percentage of correct classification by ADS variables was 96.7%. Conclusion：These results put together strongly support the reliability and validity of ADS as a diagnostic instrument for ADHD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.718-732
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrients or food factors related to cognitive function of elderly having Alzheimer's disease. In this study 38 subjects who were over 65 years old have participated in dementia clinic at A medical center. After they were diagnosed to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) through blood analysis, neuropsychological test, brain image and interview by medical specialist, we examined for their general information, anthropometry, blood pressure and dietary intakes. Dietary intakes were investigated using the 24-hour recall record. Energy intake was adequate and the energy composition of carbohydrate, protein and fat was 60.8 : 16.2 : 23.0, but dietary intakes of calcium, vitamin A and folate were less than 75% of the recommended intake levels for Koreans. The multiple regression analysis adjusted with age, sex and educational level showed that cognitive function was positively related to intakes of zinc, fishes and shellfishes, beans & nuts, sugars and fats, and negatively related to intakes of plant calcium and eggs. These results indicate that intakes of specific nutrients or food groups are associated with the specific domains of cognitive function in elderly with AD.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.101-110
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• 2022

Recently, the global construction market is expected to grow at an annual average of 4.8% by 2025 and the risk of overseas construction is also expected to increase accordingly. In particular, domestic construction companies intensively participated in the EPC(Engineering, Procurement, Construction)/Turnkey project, but as a result of failing to respond to contractual risks, they have suffered losses of trillions of won in overseas business since 2013. Nevertheless, there have been not many studies on the derivation of EPC/Turnkey's contractual key risk sub-clauses. Therefore, in this study, the key risk sub-clauses were studied for the conditions of the 2017 Silver Book contract issued by the International Consulting Engineering Federation(FIDIC). To this end, 30 experts with more than 10 years of experience in international construction contracts were formed as a panel to conduct a Delphi survey on 170 sub-clauses of 21 clauses of FIDIC Silver Book to derive 62 main risk sub-clauses. In addition, the RPN(Risk Priority Number) was finally calculated using the FMEA(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) technique, and 25 key risk sub-clauses within the Critical Risk range were derived. Through the results of this study, the practical point of view is able to refer to the contract provisions to be carefully reviewed at the bidding and contract signing stage in overseas construction projects. From an academic point of view, it provides direction and basic knowledge of how to study the contract fields used in overseas construction EPC/Turnkey projects.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.17-45
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• 1987

This study contributes to understanding women's labor market behavior by focusing on a particular set of labor force transitions - labor force withdrawal and entry during the period surrounding the first birth of a child. In particular, this study provides a dynamic analyses, using longitudinal data and event history analysis, to conceptualize labor force behaviors in a straightforward way. The main research question addresses which factors increase or decrease the hazard rates of leaving and entering the labor market. This study used piecewise Gompertz model, following the guide of the non-parametric analysis on the hazard rates, which allowed relatively detailed description on the distribution of timing of leave and entry to the labor market as parameters of interest. The results show that preferences and structural variables, as well as economic considerations, are very important factors to explain the labor market behavior of women in the period surrounding childbirth.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-206
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• 2019

This research examines the characteristic of regulation on Japanese clinical research in recent years. First, Japan has had a severe punishment policy on research misconduct like Korea, but, in recent days, Japan has changed the direction of research ethics policy from restriction to research publicness securement by educational training, in addition, Act of Clinical Research, effected April 2018, has recruited excellent researchers, and then integrated clinical research and medicine clinical trial through raising transparency of funding and integrating ethics screening by mandating announcement on funding information of clinical research. Second, Japan has integrated and organized ethics guideline from dual system that consists of ethics guideline on dynamic research(here after, referred to as 「dynamic guideline」) and ethics guideline on clinical research(here after, referred to as 「clinical guideline」) to ethics guideline on medical research aimed at human(here after, referred to as 「integrated guideline」), thus, it complements repetition and deficit of ethics guideline needed in clinical research and dynamic research, and it has risk evaluation system for protecting human subjects, and also it clarifies the concept of 「invasiveness」, a preliminary consideration of evaluation. 「Evaluation issue of risk and profit」, common contents of international regulation related clinical research, is the method to check whether the research is designed appropriately or not, this is the method for Institutional Review Board to decide whether the risk on human subjects could be justified, and also this is the important standard for future human subjects to participate in clinical trial. Therefore, it is meaningful to define 「invasiveness」 concept, a preliminary consideration of risk evaluation for human subjects. This research examines Japanese clinical trial focusing on change of awareness on prevention of research misconduct, efficiency improvement of research through research screening and integration of human subjects, and clarification and extension of range of 「invasiveness」 concept, a preliminary of risk evaluation to protect human subjects.