• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.27-45
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• 2017

A taxonomic study of the genus Hosta (Lilliaceae) in Korea was conducted based on morphological characteristics. Hosta clausa varieties share several characteristics (rhizomes with underground stolons, smooth scapes, and purple anthers). Hosta clausa var. normalis has an open perianth, long pistils, and fertile fruit. H. clausa var. clausa can be distinguished from H. clausa var. normalis by its closed perianth and sterile fruit. H. clausa var. geumgangensis has sterile fruit, green petioles, short pistils, and short narrow perianth tubes. H. clausa var. ensata has very narrow, sword-shaped leaves. It can be included in H. clausa var. normalis, which has a large degree of variation in leaf and petiole shape. H. jonesii has smooth scapes, yellow anthers, and bell-shaped flowers. It can be distinguished from the related species H. tsushimensis found on the Tushima islands in Japan by its wide perianth tube. H. yingeri is distinguished by its funnel-shaped flowers, 3 long and 3 short stamens, and smooth scape; the related species H. laevigata has 6 equally-sized stamens, narrowly lanceolate leaves, and wavy leaf margins. Because H. laevigata is not found in its type locality Isl. Heugsando, its taxonomic position must be determined at a later time. H. minor shares several characteristics (scapes with ridges and yellow-colored anthers) with the related taxa H. venusta. However, H. venusta is changed to H. minor var. venusta because it has overlapping characteristics in plant size, number of flowers, leaf size, and leaf shape. Consequently, the genus Hosta in Korea is classified into 5 species, 3 varieties, and 6 forms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 1975

The seeds, scions and plants of chestnut tree (Castanea. crenata) and Chinese chestnut tree (C. bungeana) were irradiated by gamma ray in order to know their biological effects on germination, plant growth and mutation at several accumulative doses and dose rates. The results of this study could be summarized as follows: 1. In general, the radio-sensitivity of scions was more sensitive to irradiation, showing 50% reduction dose of the control for grafting percentage at 3.1 kR as compared with 4.6 kR for the above reduction dose in germination rates of seeds. 2. The seeds treated by 5 kR dose resulted in some albino mutants at a rate of 0.84%. There was a general tendency that the seedling height reduced significantly as the irradiation dose increased. 3. The scions treated by an acute irradiation showed their 50% reduction dose in grafting at 3.2 kR for Chinese chestnut and at 3.1 kR for chestnut, respectively, while their irradiation doses increased three times, having 10.2 kR for the 50% reduction dose in the case of semi-acute irradiation. 4. When Chinese chestnut trees were irradiated during their dormant period with a total dose of 7.5 kR to 4.9 kR at a dose rate of 150 R to 98 R per day, there were induced giant leaf bud-sports at a frequency of 16.6%. The averag leaf area of the giant leaf bud-sports were measured at 96.36 square centimeters, while the area of normal leaf was only 26.28 square centimeters.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2021

주걱댕강나무는 경남 양산의 천성산에서만 생육하는 산림청·국립수목원 지정 희귀식물(Critically Endangered, CR)로 현지외 보전 및 대체 서식지 조성을 위해 번식 특성에 대해 알아보았다. 종자번식의 경우 450립의 종자를 저장방법에 따라 파종한 결과 노천매장 3.56%, 저온건조저장 0.67%, 습사저온저장 0.22%로 발아율이 매우 저조하였으며, 배양토 조건에 따라 직파 실험한 결과 모래 2.44%, 원예용 상토 2.22%, 현지내 산림토 1.11%, 현지외 산림토 0%로 이 또한 발아율이 매우 저조하였다. 삽목번식의 경우 숙지삽은 모래+펄라이트 36.1%, 모래 31.1%, 원예용 상토 20.0%로 나타났으며, 휴면지 삽수의 발근촉진제 처리 효과는 IBA 1,000PPM에서 37.8%, IBA 7,000PPM 30.0%, 무처리 28.9%, IBA 5,000PPM 27.8%의 발근율을 보였고 신초길이, 뿌리의 수, 뿌리 길이는 전반적으로 발근촉진제 처리와 함께 농도가 높아질수록 뿌리 성장이 왕성한 것으로 나타났다. 녹지삽은 모래 80%, 모래+펄라이트 76.7%, 피트모스+마사토 73.3%, 피트모스+펄라이트+버미큘라이트 70.0% 순이며, 왕모래와 왕모래+마사토는 26.7%와 36.7%로 다소 저조하였다. 녹지삽수의 굵기는 4mm이상 구간에서 발근율이 73.3%로 가장 높았으며, 녹지삽수의 길이는 7~8cm 구간에서 80.0%로 가장 높게 나타나 삽수의 굵기가 굵고 8cm내외의 길이가 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 근삽은 발아율이 88.3~96.7%로 모든 배양토에서 높게 나타났다. 근삽수 직경 7~8mm에서 100%이며 3~4mm 또한 91%로 나타났다. 근삽수 길이는 4~5cm와 10~11cm에서 100%, 6~7cm 88.1%, 8~9cm 94.4%로 나타나 4~5cm를 제외하고는 삽수 길이가 길수록 신초 생장과 발근이 비례하는 것을 확인하였다. 주걱댕강나무는 실생보다 삽목번식이 더 효율적이며, 그 중 근삽이 가장 발근율이 높다. 배양토는 모래 단용구를 제외하고는 평균 95%이상으로 나타났으며, 근삽수는 직경이 굵고 길수록 신초 생장과 발근이 왕성하다. 따라서, 현지외 보전을 위해 향후 휴면성의 종자 발아 연구가 필요하며, 영양번식을 할 경우 근삽이 가장 효율적인 것을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2020

식물체가 건조 스트레스를 받으면 각 기관 물질 생산의 변이, 분화 및 발달 억제를 통해서 식물의 생산활동을 현저히 저하시켜, 식물의 생장, 형태, 개체발생 및 대사생리에 영향을 미치는 것으로 연구되어 왔다. 최근 기후 온난화로 인해 온도가 점진적으로 상승하고 가뭄과 같은 이상기상이 빈번하게 발생함에 따라 많은 노지 작물의 농업 생산성이 약화되고 있다. 배추는 우리나라의 대표적인 식품 중 하나인 김치의 주재료로 연중 안정적인 생산과 공급이 필요시 되지만, 배추의 경우 건조 조건에서 엽육조직의 붕괴와 같은 생리장해가 발생되기 때문에 최근 발생되고 있는 이상 기후의 영향으로 안정적인 생산이 어려워지고 있는 실정이다. 하지만, 배추에서는 이상 기후에 대응이 가능한 내건성 품종의 육성을 위한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 내건성이 높은 배추 개발을 위한 기초소재를 찾는 것을 목적으로 농촌진흥청 유전자원센터에서 보존하고 있는 재래종 배추 30계통을 분양받아 강릉원주대학교 생명과학대학 내의 조직배양실을 이용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 배지는 Tissue Culture Square Dish(125×125×20mm)에 Agar를 녹여 40ml씩 분주하여 고체배지를 조성한 후, 건조 처리구 Polyrthylene glycol 6000(PEG) 0%(Control), 20%(Mild Stress), 30%(Severe Stress)를 설정하여 60ml씩 추가 분주하여 배양기 28℃에서 15시간 처리를 하였다. 분양받은 각 계통의 종자는 1% 차아염소산 나트륨으로 10분간 종자표면을 살균한 후, 5번 정도 멸균수로 헹군 후, 표면 살균한 재래종 종자를 고체배지 시험관에 6립씩 치상하였다. 식물체 생육은 각 처리구별 3반복으로 하였으며 주간 12시간 주기, 광도 2,400Lux, 온도 20℃의 조직배양실에서 치상 후 7일간 생육하였다. 치상 후 7일간 생육시킨 식물체를 채취하여 지상부생체중, 지하부 생체중, 뿌리 길이를 측정하였으며, 지상부와 지하부로 나누어 50℃에서 72시간 건조시킨 후, 건물 생산량을 조사하였다. 본 실험 결과 건조 처리(PEG-6000)는 배추의 생장을 저해하였지만, 생육 저해 정도는 계통간의 차이가 있는 것을 관찰할 수 있었으며 무처리구와 스트레스 처리구간의 생장량 변화 정도를 기반으로 군집분석을 수행한 결과 'IT110483'과 'IT104903' 계통이 실험에 공시된 계통들 중 상대적으로 강한 건조 내성을 가진 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 재래종 배추 계통 중 일부는 건조내성이 강한 새로운 배추 품종을 육성하는데 있어 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 2024

Recently, in several regions of Korea, we discovered the occurrence of Sagina micropetala Rauschert and S. procumbens L. All the plants of the genus Sagina growing in Korea are 5-merous and belong to the sect. Spergella. However, the two taxa we discovered belong to the sect. Saginella and are 4-merous. In addition, morphological characteristics such as sepals during the fruiting season and seeds were significantly different from those of species of the genus Sagina that occur in Korea. To clearly identify these species, we compared and observed their primary morphological characteristics using illustrated books and literature. Morphologically, S. micropetala exhibits the following traits: pubescence along the leaf margin, horizontally spreading sepals with red margins, and convex protrusions on the seed surface. In contrast, S. procumbens can be distinguished by its pedicels, which are curved during the flowering season and erect during the fruiting season. This plant also has broadly ovate sepals with white or yellowish-green margins, and flat seed surface protrusions. In terms of molecular analyses, 19 samples of Sagina were divided into two clades (S. micropetala and S. procumbens), confirming the taxonomic identity of the Sagina spp.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.180-189
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• 2018

Agricultural landscapes in Korea comprise a large cultivation area of rice paddies, other crops, and forests which surround the cropland and the farmers' residential village. The forests in this agricultural landscape play important roles as ecological corridors and refuges for plants and animals in this agroecosystem. The present study investigated the spatial and temporal diversity patterns among these components of the agroecosystem to provide baseline data that describes how fauna change in the studies system. Insect sampling was conducted at four sites in two regions, Chungcheong (Ockcheon and Geumsan) and Jeonnam (Younggwang and Haenam), from March to August of 2014, using an UV light trap for moths and five pitfall traps for beetles. Beetles comprised 225 species and 2,457 individuals in 35 families, while moths consisted of 141 species and 403 individuals in 17 families. Beetles showed higher diversity in Chungcheong than Jeonnam, while moths showed no difference in diversity between regions. Forests showed the highest number of species and individuals, followed by orchards and rice paddies. The food preference of beetles showed that forests contained a higher proportion of herbivores, while orchards and rice paddies had a higher proportion of carnivores. Temporal changes in moths in the two regions were synchronous, while those of beetles were nonsynchronous. Moths increased from spring to summer across all habitats, especially in rice paddies during summer. Beetles also increased from spring to summer in orchards and rice paddies, although the beetles in the forests increased in the middle of summer. A detailed and long-term study is needed to reveal the causes of different diversity patterns of taxa among the different habitats within the agroecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.182-191
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• 2023

This study was carried out to identify the distribution and growth characteristics and evaluate the conservation status of the Michelia compressa Maxim., a rare and endangered wild plant II, in the habitats in Korea. A total of 314 individuals were found in the natural habitats of Heuksan Island and Jeju Island and were divided into four populations. About 45.9% (144 individuals) were distributed in the range of 401m~500m above sea level. The average height of trees was 2.7(±4.8)m, the diameter at breast height was 12.6(±13.9)cm, and the number of branches was 1.0(±0.5) on average. 54.3% of the sapling individuals of M. compressa were distributed within a radius of 30 m from the mother tree, 25.8% were distributed between 31 m through 40 m, and most (90.1%) were distributed within a radius of 60 m. The fact that sapling individuals of M. compressa are not identified even around some mature individuals and appear only in extremely limited areas is estimated to be closely related to the growth conditions as well as the environment of the natural habitats. The dispersal of M. compressa is presumed to be related to the birds and natural seedlings because water puddles, a resting place for birds beyond the range of natural seedlings, characterize its habitats. The IUCN Red List evaluation criteria at the regional and national level of M. compressa corresponds to the Critically Endangered category, and the domestic population under the category of "CR B2ab(v); C2a(i); D."

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 1994

The establishment by seeds and the maintenance by ramets of the autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) population were investigated in the Namhansansung Provincial Park, Jungbu-myun, Kwangju-gun, Kyunggi-do. Seed production and germination rate were 3, 300 $seeds{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ and 52%, respectively. The ramet formation in the population was classified into 4 types: stump type, creeping root type, lateral root type and secondary creeping root type. The subterranean creeping roots were 0.1~1.0 m in length, 4.5~14.0 mm in diameter and 0.06~0.2 m in soil depth. The number of ramets formed from a node was 1~21. The subterranean roots spread $5~509cm^2{\cdot}plant^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, which began to be produced from 7~9 year-old individuals. The number of stems was 1~67 per stump, which was reduced by self-thinning from 2 to 14 year-old trees. The frequency distribution of stem diameter$(D_{30})$ showed a reverse J-shaped curve, suggesting that this population be maintained perpetually by their own ramets.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2018

외래종이라 함은 도입종, 귀화종, 침입종을 통칭하는 용어로 특정한 인위적 목적 여부에 관계없이, 본래의 자생지가 아닌 외부에서 들어와 다른 생물의 서식지를 점유하여 번식하는 생물종을 지칭하는 것으로, 침입외래종은 생태계에 도입되고 확산되면서 생물다양성과 연계된 생태계서비스를 위협하거나 또는 악영향을 미치는 외래종을 의미하며, 위해우려종이란 국내에 유입될 경우 생태계 등에 위해를 미칠 우려가 있어 환경부장관이 지정 고시하는 생물종 (살아있는 것으로서 개체의 일부 알 종자 등을 포함)을 지칭한다. 본 연구는 환경부고시에 따른 한반도 미유입 환경위해우려종43종에 대하여 농업환경위해성 평가를 실시하고, 분류동정 기법을 개발하는 등 기초 자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해, 해외식물표본 확인과 미국 현장조사를 실시하였으며, 우선적으로 8종의 미유입 식물에 대하여 보고하고자 한다. - Carduus acanthoides L. (Asteraceae), Carduus tenuiflorus W. Curtis (Asteraceae), Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae), Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae), Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. (Apiaceae), Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. (Apiaceae), Ehrharta erecta Lam. (Poaceae), Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius (Poaceae).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1993

To examine aluminum toxicity on woody plants, aluminum solution and ground water(pH 6.75) were treated on the seeded pot (48$\times$33$\times$9cm) of Pinus thunbergiana, Thuja orientalis and Ligustrum obtusifolium, filled with sand, three times per week, 5mm per time, from April 28, 1993 to June 16. Aluminum solution were prepared 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0mM aluminum potassium sulfate, dilulted with ground water. Growth-related characters(seedling number, seedling height, top, root and total dry weight) were measured and compared among species and treatments. The response of seedling growth-related characters to aluminum solution treatment differed among the species, and the most sensitive species is Ligustrum obtusifolium, and the most tolerant species is Pinus thunbergiana.