• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2003

This work was undertaken to study the effect of stigmatic and cut-style pollination on self seed set in Lilium longiflorum and L. ${\times}$ formolongi, and their crosses as the female parent with other cultivars/genotypes. Stigmatic pollination of L. longiflorum cv. Gelria and Lorina resulted in cent per cent fruit set with mean number of seeds/fruit of 189 and 70, respectively. However, cut-style pollination resulted in 87％ and 40％ fruit set in Gelria and Lorina, respectively. The corresponding mean number of seeds/fruit was 53 and 20. In L. ${\times}$ formolongi, stigmatic pollination set 80％ fruits with 736 seeds/fruit. On the other hand, cut-style pollination resulted in 47％ fruit set with 81 seeds/fruit. The intraspecific stigmatic pollination of L. longiflorum cv. Gelria and Lorina with other cultivars formed 60％ fruits with a mean number of 18 seeds/fruit. However, only 20％ fruit set with mean number of seeds/fruit of 7 was recorded when cut-style pollination of L. longiflorum cultivar were pollinated with other cultivars/genotypes. In the intraspecific pollination of L. ${\times}$ formolongi cv. Raizan with Novia, fruit set resulting from stigmatic and cut-style pollination was 75％ and 50％, respectively with the corresponding mean number of seeds/fruit of 579 and 98. It was concluded that self as well as intraspecific seed set in the two species of Lilium gets considerably reduced as a result of cut-style pollination.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 1981

Laboratory experiements were conducted to evaluate water uptake and osmotic potential of soybean seeds associated with germinability. Bonus, Wayne, Essex and Pickett were selected for this study. Large and small seeds from the four varieties were included in water uptake measurements at $25^{\circ}C$ There were significant differences in water uptake during germination due to seed size and cultivars at optimum moisture condition, -6 and -15 bars soil moisture. As water stress increased, the water uptake of Pickett and Essex were superior to Bonus and Wayne, and small seeds were superior to large seeds. The seed moisture content at germination was 60.8% on a fresh weight basis under optimum moisture condition. The minimum moisture contents necessary for the germination were 50.2% at -6 bars and 50.9% at -15 bars. There were significant differences among varieties in seed osmotic potential during germination, although these differences depended on imbibition time. The average osmotic potential ranged from -32.0 bars after 4 hours imbibition to -11.2 bars at the beginning of germination. The correlation coefficient between seedling length and osmotic potential was not significant after any period of imbibition, suggesting that osmotic potential is not directly associated with seedling growth. However, osmotic potential is closely related to water uptake capacity of soybean seed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1986

The characteristics such as characters of seed, fruit and endosperm, development of embryo, dehisced and germination rate of seeds which harvested at 10 days intervals from 20 days to 60 days after pollination were determined to clarify the optimum time for seed production of ginseng. The sizes of length, width and thickness of fruits, seeds and endosperms investigated on 20 days after pollination were not largely different from those that harvested after 60 days. But the weights of fruits and seeds were increased along with the delay of harvesting time. The seeds which harvested from 30 to 60 days showed comparatively high dehisced and germinated rates, especially 40 days in dehisced rates and 50 days in germinated rates. The embryos were rapidly grown in early stage. Lengths of the embryo on 20 days after pollination were approximately grown to 30 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. And after 30 days pollinated, embryos were not only more rapidly grown to 213 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ but also cotyledon premodia were developed in this time and completely formed after 40 days.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2003

To observe the effects of seed matriconditioning on the emergence, plumule growth, and seed physiological properties of normal and aged seeds of three corn(Zea mays L.) genotypes (dent, sugary, and shrunken-2), normal and artificially aged seeds were matriconditioned at 50, 75, 100, and 125% moisture contents of vermiculite at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and the germinability was examined at $25^{\circ}C$ and in cold test (7 days at 1$0^{\circ}C$followed by $25^{\circ}C$). Emergence rate, emergence speed, and plumule growth were smaller in the order of dent＞sugary＞shrunken-2. Matriconditioning did not affect the emergence rate of normal dent and sugary seeds, while it enhanced emergence speed and plumule growth. In contrast, the emergence rate, emergence speed, and plumule growth of normal shrunken-2 and aged seeds of all genotypes were enhanced as the moisture content of vermiculite increased up to 125% both at $25^{\circ}C$ and in cold test. Matriconditioning promoted $\alpha$-amylase activity and DNA and soluble protein contents, while it reduced the leakage of total sugars and electrolytes from the seeds when soaked in water.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 1994

This study was intended to obtain the basic information on the germination status, changes of $\beta$-amylase activity and reducing sugar contents during seed germination of barley after an imposition of water stress by adding Polyethylene glycol solution. The effects of water deficit on germination were to be decreased in germination rate and velocity. Respiratory Quotient was increased as the osmotic potential in culture solution was decreased. But $\beta$-amylase activity and reducing sugar contents were decreased and the ratio of dry to fresh weight of germinated seeds was increased as the osmotic potential of the culture solution was decreased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.632-638
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• 2006

Characteristics of sweet (sugary, su) and super sweet (shrunken-2, sh2) corn seeds shelled by different threshing methods at different moisture content status were studied. Hybrid seeds of a su (Early Sunglow ${\times}$ Golden Cross Bantam 70, GCB 70) and a sh2 (Xtrasweet 82 ${\times}$Fortune) were dried to moisture content of 12, 15, 18, and 21%. Hand shelling did not give any mechanical damages to seeds, while an electrical corn thresher gave some visible mechanical damages. The emergence rate of hand shelled seeds was higher than that of machine shelled seeds by $6{\sim}14%$ for a su and by $9{\sim}18%$ for a sh2 hybrid depending on seed moisture contents in cold test. The optimum seed moisture content to reduce mechanical threshing damages and to improve seed quality was 15% for su and 12% for sh2 hybrid seeds. At the optimum seed moisture contents, germination rate at $25^{\circ}C$, emergence rate in the cold test and ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity were highest, while the percentage of damaged seeds and leakage of total sugars and electrolytes in soaking water were minimized.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1987

Germination and seedling length of soybean seeds (cultivar: Williams) with and without polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG) treatments were measured following preconditioning at two temperatures (15 and 30$^{\circ}C$) and two moisture levels 〔low (30 percent) and high (50 percent seed water content)〕 for 0, 2, 4, or 8 days. A split-split plot in time was used with four replications. Observations were made after two days of germination at 30$^{\circ}C$ Seedling growth accelerated with two days of preconditioning at 30$^{\circ}C$, but was reduced as preconditioning duration increased up to eight days at the same temperature. PEG treated preconditioned seeds exhibited reduced moisture uptake and seedling growth. Preconditioning at a high moisture level increased seedling moisture content and also increased seedling length until four days of preconditioning duration. Seedling dry weight decreased when preconditioning temperature was 30$^{\circ}C$ and when the high moisture level of preconditioning was continued for eight days.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2002

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the variability of seed germination, and seedling growth of PEG priming barley. The average germination percentage(AGP) of PEG priming seed was higher than control, but those were low with extend the treatment period. The AGP of washing seed after PEG priming was higher than unwashed seed, and that of redried seed after priming was lower than control. The germination time of priming seed was short compare to control seed, and that was prolonged with extend the priming period, and that of washing seed after priming was shortening, and that of redried seed after priming was prolonging. The emergence percentage(EP) of priming seed was higher than control, and the emergence time was shortest in 50％ field moisture capacity soil. The seedling and root length of priming seed was shorter than control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 1994

These experiment were conducted to evaluate the environmentally acceptable polymers, and 10 polymers were used in these study, and to investigate conductivity, germination percentage, water uptake of polymeric coating soybean seed. The conductivity of polymeric coating seed is higher than that of none coating seed and the highest conductivity was obtained with waterlock coating seed among the 10 polymer coating seed. As the soaking time was long, the conductivity was increased. The conductivity of large seed was higher than that of small seed, and that of long period storage seed was higher than that of short period storage seed. The effects of seed coating polymers on uptake water were various, and daran 8600 inhibited uptake water of low quality seed. The waterlock, captan, klucel and sacrust was rised germination percentage, and daran 8600 was declined germination percentage, and the effect of coating polymers on germination percentage of low quality seed was higher than that of high quality seed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2003

To investigate the effects of low dose gamma radiation and seed moisture content (SMC) on germination and early growth of vegetable crops, seeds of chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), red pepper (Capcicum annuum L.), figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl), with different SMC were irradiated with different doses ($0{\sim}20\;Gy$) of gamma-ray by irradiator ($^{60}Co$, ca.150 TBq of capacity, AECL). Vegetable crops in which low dose gamma radiation was irradiated in seeds with different moisture content showed different response in seed germination and early growth to low dose gamma radiation. The germination rate of chinese cabbage, figleaf ground and bottle gourd irradiated with $2{\sim}8\;Gy$ showed interactive responses against relative SMC. Also, significant interactions occurred for the early growth between those factors. The stimulating effects of gamma radiation were more pronounced for hydrated seeds of chinese cabbage, radish, figleaf gourd and bottle gourd showing prominent responses with $2{\sim}10\;Gy$ irradiation, particularly for chinese cabbage and bottle gourd. These results suggest that radiation may promote germination and early growth of vegetable crops through interaction with SMC.