• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.17-34
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• 2003

This paper investigates the rank system of official uniforms of Qing dynasty to analyze ethnic characteristics of the official uniforms. As a research document, Qing Huidian Tu(청회전도) has been used. The official uniforms of Qing dynasty were chao-fu(조복), ji-fu(길복), chang-fu(상복), hang-fu(행복), and yu-fu(우복), which were used in different occasions. Each of the five official uniforms had distinct items. For example, chao-fu(조복) consisted of four items: chao-guan(조관), chao-fu(조복), chao-dai(조대), and chao-zhu(조주), and ji-fu(길복) consisted of four items: ji-fu-guan(길복관), long-pao(용포), ji-fu-dai(길복대), and chao-zhu(조주). Each of these items had elements that made distinction between ranks. This research shows that the important elements to make distinction between ranks were textiles, precious stones, patterns and colors, and additionally the number of Bo(보) and the types of Bo(보) were used.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.148
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• pp.183-211
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• 2018

Hyesim(慧諶) was an important figure that established a firm position of Suseonsa(修禪社), which was Jinul's Gyeolsadojang(結社道場), under the sponsorship of Choi Yi(崔怡)'s military regime. This paper reviews the background of "Ganbyeongron(揀病論)", in which Hyesim's Zen ideology is condensed, and its core content Sibjongbyeong(10 kinds of disease). With this, we can newly recognize following 5 facts: First, Sibjongbyeong occupied the most important position in Hyesim. It can be confirmed by the fact that Sibjongbyeong commonly occurred in the procedure that Hyesim was trusted by Jinul, in the "Ganhwagyeoleuiron(看話決疑論)" a Jinul's posthumous work published by Hyesim, and in "Ganbyeongron". Second, the publication of "Ganbyeongron" was not only for the systematic development of Ganhwa Gyeongjeol(看話 徑截) which Jinul had suggested but also for the consolidation of Hyesim's position in Suseonsa. Third, Hyesim wanted to establish the Ganhwa Gyeongjeol which Jinul had proposed through "Ganbyeongron". Fourth, the result of "Ganbyeongron" was to generalize the enlightenment suggested by Jonggo and Jinul in the practical aspect. Fifth, the generalization of enlightenment was not independent from the demands of the time that Choi Yi's military regime had asked. With this research approach, we can establish a clearer understanding about the "Ganbyeongron", Sibjongbyeong, and the Zen Buddhist aspects of early Suseonsa Era.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.659-669
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• 2021

Multivariate regression often appears in longitudinal or functional data analysis. Since multivariate regression involves multi-dimensional response variables, it is more strongly affected by the so-called curse of dimension that univariate regression. To overcome this issue, Yoo (2018) and Yoo (2019a) proposed three model-based response dimension reduction methodologies. According to various numerical studies in Yoo (2019a), the default method suggested in Yoo (2019a) is least sensitive to the simulated models, but it is not the best one. To release this issue, the paper proposes an selection algorithm by comparing the other two methods with the default one. This approach is called principal selected response reduction. Various simulation studies show that the proposed method provides more accurate estimation results than the default one by Yoo (2019a), and it confirms practical and empirical usefulness of the propose method over the default one by Yoo (2019a).

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of hospice care on pain management of the terminal cancer patients. Method : The subjects of the study were 37 terminal cancer patients hospitalized in the general hospital in JeonJu with the hospice care nit. The data were collected using the questionaire with interviews from July to Nov. in 2000. The severity and interference of pain were examined with the self reported survey based on the Korean version of Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-K). The data were analyzed with the mean, SDs, paired t-test. The hospice care to provide for three weeks. Results : 1) The mean scores of the worst pain for the last 24-hours measured with the pain severity of BPI-K were pre-intervention (6.35) and post (4.76). The pain interference of BPI-K in pre-intervention was enjoy (8.22), work (7.46), walk (7.08) and activity (7.08), while post was of enjoy (6.62), work (6.43), walk (6.11) and activity (5.78), respectively. 2) In pain severity, significant difference was found between the pre-intervention and post in all of followings. - worst pain for last 24 hours (t=4.085, P=.000) - least pain for last 24 hours (t=4.020, P=.000) - average pain for last 24 hours (t=4.254, P=.000) - pain right now (t=4.017, P=.000) 3) In pain interference, significant difference was found between the pre- intervention and the post in all of followings. - activity (t=3.137, P=.003) - mood (t=6.713, P=.000) - walk (t=2.027, P=.050) - work (t=2.132, P=.040) - relate (t=4.143, P=.000) - sleep (t=4.071, P=.000) - enjoy (t=3.881, P=.000) Conclusion : The terminal cancer patients who were offered hospice care had significantly lower hospice care pain and pain interference than those without hospice care. According to these results, hospice care can be regarded as an effective modality in relief of pain in the terminal ill-patients.