• Cement
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• s.130
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• pp.26-34
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• 1993

For the purpose of increasing the quality of products and reducing the grinding cost of cement clinker, some aids were studied. Some of common grinding aids, such as Ethylene Glycol, Diethylene Glycol, Triethanolamine and so on, lead to the environmental

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.617-625
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• 2013

The present study was carried out to assess dietary exposure and risk for the infant population by lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) exposure through modified milk powder and formulas. Analysis of heavy metals was performed using a microwave device and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, the method for which was fully validated. Various samples (n=204), including modified milk powder, modified milk, follow-up modified milk powder, infant formula and follow- up formula, were collected from retail outlets and markets across Korea. The mean contents of heavy metals were Pb 0.0004 (modified milk)-0.010 (infant formula) mg/kg, Cd 0.002 (modified milk)-0.007 (follow-up formula) mg/kg, and As 0.004(modified milk)-0.040 (infant formula) mg/kg, respectively. For risk assessment, daily intakes of heavy metals through maximum intake of modified milk powder and formulas were calculated and compared with reference doses established by JECFA and WHO. The dietary exposures of heavy metals were $0.78-1.04{\mu}g$ Pb/d, $0.65-0.87{\mu}g$ Cd/d, and $2.25-3.00{\mu}g$ As/d, corresponding to 2.0-4.5%, 7.1-16.0%, and 0.4-0.9% of reference doses, respectively. Therefore, the level of overall dietary exposure to heavy metals for Korean infant through food intake was below 20% of the reference dose, indicating a low risk to infant consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of human milk fortifier (HMF) on growth and nutritional status in growing rats fed infant formula supplemented with HMF. Three week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed regular formula (RF), premature formula (PF) and regular formula fortified with HMF (RF+HMF) diets for 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in weight gain among groups. However, a significant increase of food intake was observed in PF and RF+HMF groups compared with RF group. With increasing food intake, the intakes of carbohydrate and protein were significantly increased in PF and RF+HMF groups. The weight of perirenal fat was significantly increased in rats fed RF+HMF; however, the weights of liver, kidney and spleen were not significantly different among groups. Although total lipids, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol concentrations of serum were not significantly different among groups, triglyceride was significantly increased in PF group. The triglyceride and total-cholesterol of liver were significantly increased in rats fed regular formula fortified with HMF and PF compared with RF group. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum showed no significant difference among groups. The concentration of growth hormone was significantly increased in PF group compared with other groups. The concentration of hemoglobin was significantly increased in rats fed PF and RF+HMF. These results suggest that the supplementation of human milk fortifier in growing rats may promote growth as increasing food intake and lipid contents in tissues and prevent the anemia of infants.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 2010

Three-hundred samples of powdered infant formula milk and related products from four different manufacturers in 2010 were collected and surveyed their contaminations for aerobic bacteria, coliform, Enterobacter(Cronobacter) sakazakii, and food-borne pathogens. Fifteen samples of sterilized infant formula milk were all negative on these microorganisms. In all collected products of un sterilized infant formulas and follow-on infant formulas, aerobic bacteria were detected at 239 (83.9%) among 285 samples, and they all were found below $10^3$ cfu/g. Coliform bacteria were also detected at four among 285 samples. Salmonella spp. and Ent. sakazakii, weren't detected at the all samples. Bacillus cereus was detected at 24 (8.4%) among 285 samples. The level of B. cereus was below 100 cfu/g but it was suitable for the range of specification of B. cereus in infant formulas. Clostridium perjringens, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes weren't also detected. In consequence, it was suitable for total viable count, coliform and potential pathogen to the specification of infant formulas and related products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.391-396
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• 2004

30명의 건강한 유아를 세 그룹으로 나누어 팔미틴산을 포함한 주요 지방산의 조성을 모유에 맞춘 조제분유 A, 팔미틴산의 비율을 모유의 1/3으로 조절한 조제분유 B, 그리고 모유와 조제분유 B를 약1:1 비율로 각각 1주일간 섭취하도록 하여 그들의 변을 수거, 분석을 하였다. 변의 농도, 횟수 및 변의 색에 있어서는 세 그룹 모두 유의할만한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었으나, 팔미틴산을 포함한 포화지방산과 칼슘, 마그네슘, 철분의 흡수는 혼합수유한 그룹이 가장 높았으며 조제분유 A를 섭취한 그룹에서 가장 낮았다. 또한 조제분유 B를 섭취한 그룹의 경우 혼합수유그룹에 비해 다소 낮은 흡수를 보이긴 하였으나 조제분유 A를 섭취한 그룹과는 현격한 차이를 보였다. 모유의 대표적인 포화지방산인 팔미틴산의 조성을 낮춘 조제분유를 수유할 경우 장내 지방산의 흡수를 개선하였으며 미네랄의 흡수도 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 1993

Using the new type auxiliary(K-1), dyeing experiment was done at the various dyeing conditions and the effects of auxiliary on the dyeing properties of metal complex dye for the silk fiber were dicussed. The exhaust rate was higher in the auxiliary 3% o.w.f. addition than sodium sulfate 50% o.w.f. The decreasing ratio of exhaust rate according to dye concentration increasing was lower at auxiliary addition than auxiliary non-addition. The exhaust rate according to increasing dyeing temperature was higher in the auxiliary addition than non-addition.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.411-417
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• 2017

This study was conducted to establish the analysis method for the contents of choline in infant formulas and follow-up formulas by ion chromatograph (IC). To optimize the method, we compared several conditions for extraction, purification and instrumental measurement using spiked samples and certified reference material (CRM; NIST SRM 1849a) as test materials. IC method for choline was established using Ion Pac CG column and 18 mM $H_2SO_4$ mobile phase. The parameters of validation were specificity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, recovery, accuracy, precision and repeatability. The specificity was confirmed by the retention time and the linearity, $R_2$ was over 0.999 in range of 0.5~10 mg/L. The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.14, 0.43 mg/L. The accuracy and precision of this method using CRM were 95%, 2.1% respectively. Optimized methods were applied in sample analysis to verify the reliability. All the tested products were acceptable contents of choline compared with component specification for nutrition labeling. The standard operating procedures were prepared for choline to provide experimental information and to strengthen the management of nutrient in infant formula and follow-up formula.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.100-100
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• 1999

본 시험은 수단그라스계 잡종의 라운드배일 사일리지 조제 가능성에 대한 기초자료를 확보하기 위하여 실시하였다. 공시품종은 출수형인 G83F 및 GW9110G, 그리고 비출수형인 TE-Evergreen을 이용하였고 사일리지 조제전 1일간 예견한 후 라운드베일 사일리지로 조제 한 후 2개월간 보관하였다. 건물 함량은 비출수형인 TE-Evergreen에서 27.7%로 가장 낮았으며 출수형인 G83F 및 GW9110G의 건물 함량은 각각 37.1 및 33.8%로 높았다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1256-1264
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• 2011

Infant formula is one of the main nutritional sources for infants. In this study, the fatty acid compositions of Korean (domestic, n=8) and foreign infant formulas (n=3) were analyzed. Crude fats were extracted using the Folch method, and fatty acid compositions (total and positional) were analyzed by gas chromatography. In the fatty acid compositions of infant formulas, oleic (19.88~44.64%), palmitic (7.59~21.65%) and linoleic acids (16.72~25.87%) were the major fatty acids. Domestic infant formula products contained 35.94~56.55% total saturated fatty acid content, whereas that of foreign infant formula ranged from 34.40~42.88%. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids ranged from 20.23~44.99% in domestic products and 34.11~45.07% in foreign products. In addition, 0.17~2.57% arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid and 10~13% linoleic acid/linolenic acid were detected in the analyzed products (domestic and foreign products). A small amount of trans fatty acids (0.25~1.69%) were found. In sn-2 position analysis, palmitic acids (1.84~38.74%) were detected in the analyzed formulas. Further, typical triacylglycerols in human milk, including 1,3-di-monounsaturated-2-saturated triacylglycerol, were not detected in the analyzed formulas.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.37 no.4 s.426
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• pp.65-67
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• 2005

종계장$\cdot$부화장의 효율적 방역관리와 추백리$\cdot$가금티푸스의 사전예방을 통해 양계농가에 건강한 병아리를 공급하기 위하여 가축전염병예방법 제3조제2항$\cdot$제15조제1항 및 제16조제1항의 규정에 따라 종계장$\cdot$부화장방역관리요령이 지난 12월 6일 고시되어 오는 5월1일 시행을 앞두고 있다.