• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.74-80
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate cultivation to save the production method cost of warm type garlic. The optimum system for producing excellent seed bulbs by using bulbils of garlic has been required. The bigger size bulbils induced fast growth and lower rate of non-cloved bulbs. The ratio of non-cloved bulbs was the highest in the 0.1 g bulbils sowing of 'Namdo' and was low in the big size bulbils sowing. The bulbil growth rate of 'Deaseo' was much faster than that of 'Namdo', but most of 'Deaseo' bulbils showed low rate of non-cloved bulbs and small size scales in bulbs. The higher productivities of "Namdo" bulbils appeared at the September 11th sowing time, but 'Deaseo' bulbils produced small size non-cloved bulbs and got the very low ratio of non-cloved bulb production in all of the treatment, sowing that Jeju Island could not produce the non-cloved bulbs with 'Deaseo' garlic bulbuls. The growth rate such as leave number, leave length, bulb and clove size in the sowing distance of big size bulbils increased as the sowing distance was wider, but the rate of non-cloved bulbils decreased regardless of treatment. More than 3 g clove in the $10{\times}15cm$ distance of bulbs was produced resulted in sowing clove production potentials by using big size bulbil.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.19 no.2 s.33
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2006

${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$ 내함한의학이론(內含韓醫學理論) 기중삼응삼양적내용비상난(其中三陰三陽的內容非常難) 기원인사(其原因是)${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$ 중삼음삼양적내용비상복집(中三陰三陽的內容非常複雜), 특별시삼음삼양적시간배속매편화일양(特別是三陰三陽的時間配屬每篇不日樣) 본론문통과관우(本論文通過關于子) ${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$ 중삼음삼양적시간배속진행연구(中三陰三陽的時間配屬進行硏究), 득출여하결론(得出如下結論), 운기지주기순서춰시오행(목화토금수)순서(運氣之主氣順序就是五行(木火土金水)順序), 저설명주기변화주요근거형지변화(這說明主氣變化主要根據形之變化), 운기지객기순서취시기지대(運氣之客氣順序就是氣之大小)(일양(一陽)${\longrightarrow}$이양(二陽)${\longrightarrow}$삼양(三陽)${\longrightarrow}$일음(一陰)${\longrightarrow}$이음(二陰)${\longrightarrow}$삼음(三陰))${\longrightarrow}$, 저설명객기변화주요근거기지변화(這說明客氣變化主要根據氣之變化) ${\ulcorner}$소문맥해(素問脈解)${\lrcorner}$ 적삼음삼양월별배속시음관(11월:태음)(的三陰三陽月別配屬是陰關(11月:太陰)${\longrightarrow}$양관(1월:태양)(陽關(1月:太陽)${\longrightarrow}$음합(3월:궐음)(陰闔(3月:厥廠)${\longrightarrow}$양합(5월:양명)(陽闔(5월:陽明))${\longrightarrow}$음추(7월:소음)(陰樞(7月:少陰)${\longrightarrow}$양추(9월:소양)(陽樞(9月少陽). 태양소음시음양세력적기초(太陽少陰是陰陽勢力的基礎), 소이상위표리(所以相爲表裏). 소양소음시음양세력적중간(少陽少陰是陰陽勢力的中間), 소이사위표리(所以杞爲表裏) 태음궐음시음양세력적전성기(太陰歐陰是陰陽勢力的全盛期), 소이상위표리(所以相爲表裏) 차료리적의사반영경락류주(此表養的意思反映經絡流注). 태음양명경류주신체전면(太陰陽明經流注身體前面), 태양소음경류주신체후면( 太陽少陰經流注身體後面 ), 소양궐음경류주신체측면(少陽厥陰經流注身體側面). ${\ulcorner}$령추경맥(靈樞經脈)${\lrcorner}$적12경맥류주순서시태음양면경(的12經脈流注順序是太陰陽明經)${\longrightarrow}$소음태양경(少陰太陽經)${\longrightarrow}$궐음소양경적표리경락위주(厥陰少陽經的表裏經絡爲主). 수선매기류주태음양명경적이유(首先脈氣流主太陰陽明經的理由), 취시후천수곡정미화호흡대기결합이형성경맥지기(就是後天水穀精微和呼吸大氣結合而形成經服之氣). 지후맥기류주소음태양경(之後脈氣流注少陰太陽經), 설명순행태음양명경적후천영양물질전입한열경락이위신(說明盾行太陰陽陽明經的後天營養物質轉入寒熱經絡而爲寫薪), 기차맥기순해궐음소양경적(其次脈氣盾行厥陰少陽經的), 인위한열경락지화기피궐음소양경지풍기조절이후조절조습경락(因爲寒熱經絡之火氣被厥陰少陽經之風氣調節而後調節操濕經絡), 비여작반시(比如作飯時), 화기취시소음태양경(火氣就是少陰太陽經), 풍기취시궐음소양경(風氣就是厥陰少陽經), 정내지반취시태음양명경.(鼎內之飯就是太陰陽明經). ${\ulcorner}$령추음양계일월(靈樞陰陽緊日月)${\lrcorner}$ 적삼음삼양월별배속주요시추관합합관추순서(的三陰三陽月別配屬主要是樞關闔闔關樞順序). 저양배서적원인시개문화관문과정(這樣排序的原因是開門和關門過程). 재춘하(在春夏), 양경락지맥기여개문관문과정(陽經絡之脈氣如開門關門過程), 수착추관합합관추순서순행(隨看樞關闔闔關樞順序盾行), 재추동(在秋冬), 음경락지맥기여개문폐문과정(陰經絡之脈氣如開門閉門過程), 수착추관합합관추순행(隨看樞關闔闔關樞盾行).

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2000.02a
• /
• pp.129-129
• /
• 2000

태양전지는 태양광에너지를 바로 전기에너지로 전환시키는 소자이다. 최근에는 다결정 태양전지의 응용가능성에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 오고 있다. 이 중 CuInSe2는 여러 가지 좋은 물성을 가지고 있어서, 저가의 고효율 태양전지를 위한 광흡수층 재료로 주목받고 있다. 현재까지 다양한 방법이 시도되었지만, 10% 이상의 고효율을 가지는 고품질을 박막을 얻는 방법은 진공증발증착법과 selenization 방법뿐이다. 이 중 진공증발증착법에 의하여 형성된 박막을 이용하여 가장 높은 효율의 태양전지를 얻을 수 있으나, 진공 장비의 대면적화가 힘들기 때문에 대면적 태양전지 제조가 힘들다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 selenization 방법을 이용하여 CuInSe2 박막을 제조하는 것이 가장 유망한 방법이라 할 수 있다. Selenization 방법은 Cu-In 금속층을 제작한 뒤 이를 selenium과 반응을 시키는 방법이다. 따라서 이 방법을 이용하여 박막을 제조할 때는 Cu-In 금속층의 물성 조절이 이후 생성되는 CuInSe2 박막의 물성향상에 필수적이다. 따라서 Cu-In 금속층의 물성에 대해 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 Cu-In 이 성분계에서 알려진 반가 없다. 저온에서는 반응속도론적으로 매우 느리게 반응이 일어나기 때문에 열역학적으로 안정한 상을 얻기가 힘들기 때문이다. 따라서 본 실험에 앞서 각 제조 조건에 따른 열역학적인 안정상을 계산하였다. 그 결과, 상온에서 Cu의 양이 증가함에 따라, In$\longrightarrow$CuIn2$\longrightarrow$Cu11In9$\longrightarrow$Cu7In3 상으로 변화하였다. 9$0^{\circ}C$이하의 온도에서는 CuIn2 상이 안정하였고, 10$0^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서는 Cu11In9 상 두 가지로 존재하였고, Cu/In 인가전력비를 변화시켰을 때 조성비가 선형적으로 변하였다. 즉, Cu-In 동시스퍼터링법은 원하는 조성을 간편한 방법으로 정확하게 조절할 수 있는 방법이라 할 수 있다. 증착 온도를 변화시켰을 때는 9$0^{\circ}C$ 이하의 낮은 온도에서 존재하던 CuIn2 상이 10$0^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서는 완전히 사라지고 In과 CuIn2 상이 사라지고 In 상과 Cu11In9 상이 나타났다. 상전이를 위하여 30$0^{\circ}C$의 높은 열처리 온도가 필요한 것은, 밀 저온 안정상이 형성된 뒤 각 원소들의 확산에 의해 상전이가 일어나기 때문에 이를 위한 충분한 열에너지를 가질 수 있는 온도가 필요하기 때문이다. 조성을 일정하게 유지하면서 챔버 압력을 변화시켰을 때는 형성되는 상의 미세구조난 결정성은 일정하였다. 인가전력, 증착온도, 챔버 압력 변화에 따른 상변화는 앞서 계산한 열역학적 결과와 정확히 일치하였다. 이는 동시스퍼터링 방법이 각 입자들을 원소 단위에서 균일하게 혼합할 수 잇는 방법이고, 또 입자들이 높은 에너지를 가지고 있기 때문이다. 즉, 원소 단위에서 균일한 반응을 하고, 가장 안정한 위치로 쉽게 이동할 수 있기 때문에 열역학적으로 안정한 상을 형성할 수 있는 것이다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.85-99
• /
• 2021

Due to the continuous unemployment problem, the number of jobs is gradually decreasing, and entrepreneurship is emerging as an alternative. This is because, despite the government operating various start-up support programs to build a start-up-friendly culture, young entrepreneurs cannot endure the valley of death and disappear. Therefore, through this study, we intend to provide implications by analyzing the impact on Entrepreneurial satisfaction, which is essential for continuously running a business, and life satisfaction, which can act as a social awareness. This study was conducted with 573 non-wage workers who belonged to the founders among the participants of the 'College Graduation Occupational Migration Path Survey(GOMS)' survey provided by the Korea Employment Information Service. In order to analyze the relationship between entrepreneurial competency and job fit, Entrepreneurial satisfaction, and life satisfaction, the analysis was conducted using the SPSS 23.0 program. The main research results are summarized as follows. First, entrepreneurial competency has a positive effect on Entrepreneurial satisfaction and life satisfaction. Second, job fit indicates a moderating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial competency and Entrepreneurial satisfaction. Third, start-up satisfaction appears to have a partial mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial competency and life satisfaction. Fourth, as a result of analyzing the difference between groups according to the type of start-up(single/partnership), the group that worked together showed higher Entrepreneurial satisfaction and life satisfaction. The main implications of this study are: First, in order to increase the Entrepreneurial satisfaction and life satisfaction of university graduates who are the subject of the study, it will be necessary to design a program that can diagnose and enhance the entrepreneurial competency of students at the university level. Second, entrepreneurial competency is a basic intrinsic factor that founders must have, and it should act as an important evaluation factor when selecting founders for support programs from start-up support organizations as well as founders. Third, it is necessary to maintain mutual trust by documenting problems (positions, wages, management rights, distribution of profits, etc.) that may occur in joint ventures with objective data. Fourth, it is necessary to establish an environment in which the MZ generation, armed with the challenging spirit and creativity, can continue to take on challenges even if they fail.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2008

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the dietary effects of mixture of probiotics and colistin on laying performance, intestinal microflora and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. One hundred sixty 50-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers were divided into four treatments and fed a commercial diet (Control) or experimental diets containing 0.2% mixture of probiotics or probiotics and colistin mixture (T1, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus oryzae + Lactobacillus plantarum; T2, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus oryzae; T3, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus oryzae+colistin) for 8 wk. No significant differences were found in laying performance and liver weight among the groups. The Haugh unit of treated groups were significantly improved (P<0.05) compared to that of control, but eggshell qualities were not changed by the treatments. The cecal ammonia concentration was significantly decreased in both T1 and T3 groups. The number of coli forms in cecal content and feces were significantly reduced in all treated groups compared to that of Control (P<0.05). The egg yolk cholesterol contents in the groups fed the diet containing mixture of probiotics and colistin were reduced in comparison with that of Control. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of mixture of probiotics and colistin improved quality of egg albumen, and reduced the egg cholesterol contents. They also reduced intestinal coli forms without harmful effects on overall productive and physiological responses in laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of betaine on egg production, lipid metabolism, and osmoregulation in 18-to 42-week-old ISA Brown laying hens. In experiment 1, three hundred and sixty one hens were fed a com-soy basal diet contailing 16% crude protein (CP), 2800 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME), 0.33% methionine, and 0, 300, 600, or 1200 mg betaine per kg diet. Egg production, egg weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, and egg quality were measured every eight weeks. Betaine concentration in live and egg were determined along with serum cholesterol, abdominal fat, total serum protein and albumin levels. In experiment 2, twenty thirty-three-week-old laying hens were fed the same diets as those used in experiment 1 in individual cages and the amount of feed and water consumption were measured for two weeks. At the end of experiment 2, all birds were killed to determine blood plasma and ileal osmopressure, arginine vasotocin (AVT), and liver moisture content. In experiment 1, egg production between the treatments during the first eight weeks were not different, whereas the significant increment of egg production were noticed in the birds fed more than 600 ppm betaine after reaching the peak egg production stage (p<0.05). The egg weight was reduced significantly by the betaine supplementation for the first 8 weeks (p<0.05). Feed conversion tended to improve by betaine supplement. Egg quality was not enhanced by betaine supplementation. Liver betaine level increased with betaine feeding compared to the control but betaine concentration in eggs decreased with betaine supplementation. Betaine supplementation elevated the level of serum total cholesterol and triglyeerides compared to the control. Abdominal fat content was increased by betaine supplementation, whereas liver fat content decreased. In experiment 2, water consumption significantly increased in hens fed diets containing 300 and 600 mg betaine/kg (p<0.05) and osmotic pressure of ileal digesta increased with betaine supplement. Liver moisture content was not affected by betaine, but AVT increased in hens fed betaine. The overal results suggested the possibility of using betaine as a feed additives in the laying hens beacuse of its positive contribution to improving egg production and other metabolic parameters related to lipid metabolism.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2008

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a major hormone of pineal gland in vertebrates, is known to be associated with regulation of the dynamic physiological functions in general and has some functions on reproduction in the ovarian follicles in particular. And its antioxidant properties as a scavenger are also reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on the in vitro maturation of mouse germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes. Oocyte maturation, apoptosis, and mRNA expression of melatonin receptor were analyzed in the cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes (CEOs) cultured with melatonin for 18 h. The CEOs were obtained from 3 wk-old ICR female mice cultured in media with 0, 0.1 nM, 10 nM, or 1,000 nM melatonin for 18 h. And then the extrusion of the first polar body was assessed to evaluate the maturation rate. The apoptosis and mRNA expression of melatonin receptor (Mtnr1-a and Mtnr1-b) in cumulus cells of each group were measured by TUNEL assay, ELISA, and real time RT-PCR after in vitro maturation(IVM). The addition of melatonin in the IVM medium significantly improved nuclear maturation of the mouse GV oocytes and the highest maturation rate were obtained from the group treated with 1,000 nM melatonin. Apoptosis was not detected in IVM oocytes, but detected in cumulus cells. And cumulus cells treated with 1,000 nM melatonin exhibited significantly lower apoptosis. In the group treated with 1,000 nM melatonin, the expression of melatonin receptor mRNA was decreased in CEOs. In conclusion, melatonin has a potentially important role for regulating oocyte maturation and reduces the apoptosis of cumulus cells in vitro.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.117-117
• /
• 2003

체외에서 한우 난포란의 감수분열과 배발달 능력의 획득에는 단백질 합성이 수반되어야 한다. 그러나 이러한 변화와 관련된 연구 보고는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 본 실험은 난자의 핵성숙과 관련된 세포질내 단백질 변화를 파악하기 위하여, 체외성숙 시간에 다른 배발달율과 세포질내 단백질을 비교하여 배발달능력 획득과 관련 있는 단백질을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 한우 난소에서 2-8mm의 가시난포로부터 난포란을 회수하였다. 회수된 난포란은 10% FBS와 호르몬이 첨가된 TCM199 용액에서 18시간 또는 24시간 체외성숙을 실시하였다. 난자 세포질내 단백질 변화는 2D gel electrophoresis를 이용하였고, 유의적인 변화를 나타낸 spot은 peptide mass fingerprinting을 통하여 단백질 동정을 실시하였다. 체외수정은 fer-TALP 용액을, 체외배양은 CR1aa 용액을 배양 3일째까지는 0.3% BSA, 그 이후에는 10% FBS와 난관상피세포를 첨가하여 사용하였다. 통계분석은 t-test를 이용하였다. 난자의 세포질에 대한 이차원전기영동 결과 29개의 단백질 spot들을 확인하였다. 한편 체외성숙 18시간째에 PB가 출현된 난자는 PB가 출현되지 않은 난자에 비하여 15개의 spot에서 유의적인 변화를 나타냈다. 이들 중 4개의 단백질 spot은 낮았고, 11개 spot의 수준은 높은 경향이었다. 체외성숙 18시간째와 24시간째의 배발달율을 조사한 결과 18시간째에서 유의적으로 높은 배반포 발달율을 나타냈다. 그리고 체외성숙 18시간과 24시간째 난자의 세포질내 단백질 spot들의 변화를 비교한 결과 PB가 출현된 난자 세포질에서 단백질의 변화와 유사한 경향이었다. 그러나 2개의 단백질 spot은 상반된 경향을 나타냈다. 따라서 본 실험에서 난자의 핵성숙과 관련 있는 15개의 spot을 확인하였고, 이들 단백질 spot중에서 2개가 배발달 능력과 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다.보다는 육질등급에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다. 한편 육질 1등급에서 배발달율이 낮은 이유는 육질 향상을 목적으로 암소를 비육 하는 경우 발생하는 번식장애와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다.각각 가장 높았다. 배양 8일째 배반포의 세포수에 있어서 총세포수와 TE 세포수는 차이가 없었으나, ICM 세포수가 l0mg 첨가군에서 가장 높았다. 본 실험 결과에서 체외성숙 배지에 NEAA와 EAA 첨가가 배발달율에는 효과가 없었지만, 첨가농도의 증가에 따라 ICM 세포수가 증가하였다. 한편 체외성숙 배지에 LAH 첨가는 첨가 농도가 높을수록 배발달율은 낮았지만 ICM 세포수는 증가하였다.에 Csk가 관여하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 성적 성숙에 따른 생쥐 정소 내 Src-Csk loop의 발현과 Src kinase 활성의 변동은 정소 내 간충조직, 세정관 상피의 증식 및 기능적 분화 과정을 매개하는 생리적 활성분자 수용체 하위의 신호전달 과정에 Src-Csk loop에 의한 조절가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.rugrene의 향기성분이 주요 성분군으로 확인되었다. 2. 생강나무에서 생강의 향기를 발산하는 성분으로는 $\beta$-myrcene, o-terpinolene, phellandrone, ι-limonene, $\beta$-eudesmol, $\delta$-cadinone, elemol, trans-caryophyllene으로 동정되었으며 그 중에서도 phellandrene, $\beta$-eudesmol이 주된 역할을 하는 성분으로 확인하였다. 유의적인 관련성이 나타났고, 복부 비만의 지표인 허리엉덩이둘레비는 GPT, alkaline phosphatase, 공복시 혈당 및 MCV 등 다양한 건강지표와 관련성을 나타내어 향후 비만에 있어 다양한 혈액 성상의 변화 및 역할규명에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 본다.hat

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.346-352
• /
• 2016

Aroma inhalation therapy has traditionally been used not only in alternative medicinal treatment but also in psychotherapy. In the first stage of the study, the in silico molecular binding affinity of the major ingredients of Smart-Wave (SW) on the active site of the odorant-binding protein (OBP) was compared with that of citrate anions. The binding affinity of the chemical mixture formula of the major ingredients of SW on the OBP was relatively higher than that of citrate anions. In addition, nasal inhalation of SW had a positive effect upon changes in brain waves. Eighteen healthy volunteers participated in the experiment. The study consisted of measurements of the brain’s meditation level recordings in the pre- and post-SW inhalation periods as compared with negative (EV) and positive (HB) control groups. After SW inhalation, all the subjects stated that they felt “fresher” and that the SW trial group had significantly changed the brain’s meditation in a positive way. SW inhalation also converted EV-induced unstable brain meditation wave patterns into more stable patterns. Collectively, the results of this empirical study strongly suggest that the SW mixture activates the OBP and controls the mental state by regulating brain waves. The results provide scientific evidence that the SW formula has potential as an effective mental-stress controller.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.100-102
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding betaine on egg production, lipid metabolism and osmoregulation in laying hens. Three hundred and sixty layers were fed corn-soy basal diet containing 16% CP, 2800 kcal/kg ME from 18 to weeks. Hens were provided with betaine 0, 300, 500 or 1200 ppm. Egg production, feed intake, egg weight and feed conversion were examined in every four weeks. Liver and egg betaine. serum cholesterol and neutal fat were measured at the mid experiment. Egg production was not statistically different among treatments from 18 to 26 weeks of age, but significantly increased for the rest of period in hens fed more than 600ppm betaine(P＜0.05). Betaine added treatments showed a tendency to increase feed intake. Feed conversion tended to improve from 26 to 33 weeks old in betaine supplemental groups. Egg qualify was not influenced by dietary supplemental betaine. Betaine supplementation seemed to increase in liver betaine. but not in egg betaine. Serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, abdominal fat content and ileal osmolality were not different. However, liver fat content was prone to decrease in betaine supplemental groups. The result of this experiment suggested that dietary supplemtal betaine can improve the egg production and decrease liver fat content.