• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.177-190
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine effects of dietary herbaceous peat on in vitro fermentation and milk production in dairy cows. Ruminal pH, gas production, VFA (volatile fatty acid), Ammonia-N, and rumen degradability were examined by the addition of three times over 0, 1, and 5% herbaceous peat with substrate of timothy hay, and the change of rumen fermentation characteristics were evaluated. In 0, 3, 12 and 24 hours cultivation, all treatments did not show a significant difference but the control at 6 hours appeared significantly lower pH compared to 1 and 5% treatments (p<0.05). The gas production of the treatments significantly increased until 12 hours of cultivation compared to control (p<0.05), the rumen ammonia concentration showed a tendency to increase until 24 hours in all treatment groups, and there was no significant difference between treatments. About the rumen degradability, 5% treatment showed higher rumen degradability in all hours than control and 1% treatment (p<0.05). Meanwhile, for in vivo trial, 16 heads of Holstein lactation dairy cows were selected for experiment for four weeks in order to research the change of milk yield, milk compositions and change of somatic cell counts of lactation dairy cows by herbaceous peat feeding. The milk yield of vitamin C and herbaceous peat treatments (T3) was 25.0 kg but the control was 23.2 kg, herbaceous peat treatment (T1) was 23.1 kg, and vitamin C treatment (T2) was 23.4 kg, so there was linear increase effect of milk yield by T3. The partial significance of the milk (fat, milk protein, lactose, MUN and SNF) and change of somatic cell count before and after experiment by the control and treatments about change of milk and somatic cell counts (p<0.05) were recognized. About change of milk in the first half (1~2 weeks) and latter half (3~4 weeks) during four weeks of experiments period, the herbaceous peat supplement treatments showed a tendency of significant decrease of quality of milk protein and SNF. The control and treatments did not show significant change of blood nutrients (total protein, cholesterol, NEFA, BUN), liver function component (AST, GGT) and minerals (Ca, P, Mg) before and after experiment. In summary, it is judged that herbaceous peat feeding for lactation dairy cows would be recommendable based on the results of milk, somatic cell count physiologically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1035-1041
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• 2000

Gamma irradiation was used to improve sanitation and quality of salted and fermented anchovy sauce. For commercial production, comparison with currently using sterilization methods, such as micro-filtration and heat treatment were also conducted. Control was prepared without irradiation and sterilization process. Microbiological, physiochemical, and sensory qualities were analyzed to observe the Quality changes during the storage. Irradiation at 5 kGy or above and micro-filtration process completely eliminated microorganisms detected in this study As irradiation dose increased, the color appeared brighter and irradiation at 5 kGy or above showed similar color L-value to that of sample treated with microfiltration. The color L, a, b-value of heat-treated sample always showed lower. The pH, salinity, and viscosity were sustained during storage. From the results of sensory evaluation, the samples treated with gamma irradiation and microfiltration obtained better scores than control or heat-sterilized. Gamma irradiation to salted and fermented anchovy sauce presented the best quality products among different sterilizing methods, especially at 5 kGy dose. Therefore, gamma irradiation can be successfully applied to commercial large scale production as a new sanitation technology with improved quality.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2015

Calanthe striata f. sieboldii Decne. ex Regel is a terrestrial orchid with beautiful flowers arranged in racemose inflorescences. This species is threatened due to over-collection and loss of suitable habitats. Asymbiotic germination is useful in the conservation efforts to re-establish plants in the wild, and for commercial propagation. In this study, we investigate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), three types of culture media (Phytomax Orchid Maintenance - POM, Seed Germination Maintenance - SGM, and Murashige and Skoog 1962 - MS), and plant growth regulators on embryo swelling, protocorm formation, and embryo diameter of C. striata f. sieboldii. Treatment with 1% NaOCl for 30 min greatly enhanced embryo swelling (28.3%), embryo diameter ($205.8{\mu}m$), and embryo protocorm formation (54.8%) compared to seeds without NaOCl treatment (embryo swelling 8.5%, embryo diameter $14.6{\mu}m$, and protocorm formation 13.4%) on POM medium. Protocorm formation on POM medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L N6-benzyladenine (BA) (95.6%) was better than the control (54.5%). Additionally, the effects of activated charcoal (AC) and sucrose on seedling growth in in vitro culture were examined. The protocorm converted into healthy plants with well-developed shoot primordia on the POM medium with AC and sucrose. The most suitable conditions for seedling growth after 10 weeks of culture were the POM medium with AC or sucrose. These results show effective asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro seedling growth of C. striata f. sieboldii.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.564-594
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• 2008

For this study, which was conducted in summer from $2006{\sim}2007$, 25 places of stream area in Korea, which were not affected by human, were selected by considering variable environmental factors. Plant surveys were performed in five qaudrats per each place of stream area(stream length=about 1km) on the basis of Braun-Blanquet(1964) and in four belt(length=20m) per each place of stream area by using belt-transect method in order to study the vegetation of the present-day potential natural state of water. In the results of the plant survey, the common plant communities in the mid-northern district(latitude$37^{\circ}37.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus mongolica community and Fraxinus rhynchophylla community(with Quercus mongolica and Quercus aliena), and the common plant communities in the southern district(latitude$35^{\circ}35.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus serrata community, Styrax japonica community and Quercus variabilis community. The common plant communities in the central district(latitude$36^{\circ}36.9^{\circ}N$) were Quercus serrata community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla community and Quercus aliena community, which have the middle characteristic between mid-northern and southern district. Also, in the results of correlation analysis between environmental factors and appearance of plant species in the survey places of stream area, Eco region showed the most significant correlation, but for the plan to restore flood plain, it is necessary to clarify the vegetation of potential natural stream by increasing the number of study cases considering variable environmental factors, in the future.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.174
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• pp.32-33
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• 2017

본 시험은 냉동 및 해동 방식에 따른 토종오리 고기의 이화학적 특성을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 처리구는 8주령 오리육을 대조구(Control)로 하고 처리구는 냉동방식 2가지(급냉, $-50^{\circ}C$; 완냉, $-20^{\circ}C$)과 해동방식 2가지(완해동, $4^{\circ}C$ 냉장해동; 급해동, $13^{\circ}C$ 유수해동;의 $2{\times}2$ 복합요인으로 하여 총 5처리구, 처리구당 3반복, 반복당 3점(2수/점)으로 나누었다. 공시재료는 각 처리구에서 발생된 8주령 토종오리 수컷을 처리구당 18수씩 선별하여 도압하고 1개월간 저장 후 분석에 이용하였다. 명도는 완냉시키거나 완해동할 때에 대조구와 유의적인 차이가 있었으나(P<0.05), 적색도와 황색도는 처리구간 유의차가 없었다. 가열감량과 보수력은 급냉시키거나 급해동시킬 때 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05), 전단력은 대조구에 비해 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 가열감량, 전단력, 보수력은 냉동 처리구 사이에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 가열감량은 급해동과 완해동 사이에 유의차가 나타났다(P<0.05). 수분, 지방, 단백질, 조회분의 함량은 냉동 처리구와 대조구 사이에서 유의차가 없었으나, 수분함량은 급해동 처리구에서 완해동 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 단백질 함량은 완해동 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05) 해동 처리구간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 지방과 단백질 함량은 해동 처리구 사이에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로, 본 시험에서는 냉동과 해동 방식에 따른 오리고기의 특징을 보여주고 있으며, 이런 결과들은 토종오리 산업과 오리육 생산 산업에 큰 도움이 될 것이라 사료된다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1995

Adaptive response induced by low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation in human peripheral lymphocytes was examimed. Human lymphocytes were exposured to low dose of ${\gamma}-ray$ (priming dose, 0.01Gy) followed by high dose (challenging dose, 1.5Gy) after various time intervals (4, 7, 20 hours). Frequencies of micronuclei were enumerated in both primed and unprimed groups. Maximum reduction in frequency of micronuclei was observed when challenging dose irradiation was followed by priming dose after 4hr incubation period. When challenging doses were irradiated 7 or 20hr after priming dose, frequencies of micronuclei were reduced slighty. However, these reduction were not statistically significant. In this study, human peripheral lymphocytes were irradiated at Go phase and they showed adaptive response induced by low dose radiation. Since micronucleus assay is relatively simpler and faster than other methods, it may be a good tool for evaluating radiation-induced adaptive responses.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.292-298
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• 2006

Effect of gamma irradiation on the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of steamed waxy corns was determined in order to develop preservation techniques to enhance shelf-life during storage at room or low temperature. The initial total microbial count, and yeast & molds steamed waxy corns before irradiation were $2.1{\times}10^3CFU/g,\;1.9{\times}10^3CFU/g$, respectively. However, the total microbial count were completely inactivated and the count of yeast and molds were only 34 CFU/g at 3 kGy treatment When non-irradiated steamed waxy corns were stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 months, the growth of total microbial counts and yeasts & molds were rapidly increased up to $7.1{\times}10^6CFU/g\;and\;1.9{\times}10^7CFU/g$, respectively. However, the total microbial counts at 3 kGy treatment and yeast & molds at 5 kGy treatment for 7 month storage were completely inactivated Similar result was observed at $15^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$ storage. The Hardness of the irradiated steamed waxy corns and irradiation dose were not significantly different from those of the non-irradiated steamed waxy corns before storage, but the hardness of non-irradiated steamed waxy corns was significantly increased during the storage, compared to those of irradiated corns. The water content of both irradiated and non-irradiated steamed waxy corns after 7 month storage were significantly decreased from $65{\sim}60%$ to 30% but the changes of water content among treatments or irradiation doses were not significantly different during storage. Sugar contents in the irradiated steamed waxy corns were less free than those of non-irradiated samples and the amount of free sugar slowly increased as storage temperature increased. Sensory evaluation result showed that total sensory scores in irradiated steamed waxy corns were better than those of non-irradiated samples and total sensory scores were increased as irradiation doses increased.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2007

The effects of microbial feedstuff additives on feed conversion rate and physical and chemical characteristics of excreta in growing pigs were investigated. Three different products (A, B and C) were compared. Microbial population tests showed B contained higher numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp. and yeasts. The amylase activity of B was also higher than that of A and C. The daily feed intake rates fer control, A, B and C were 2.06, 2.13, 2.17 and 2.34 kg, respectively. Pigs feed product C had the highest liveweight gain(2.89 kg). However, the results of feed conversion rate were not significantly different between treatments. Amount of faces excreted for control, A, B and C was 1.18, 1,19, 1.23 and 1.32 kg, respectively. Urine volume for control, A, B, and C was 1.91, 1.80, 2.19 and 2.31 kg respectively. Moisture content, T-N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ in pig manure were not significantly different between treatments. The range of BOD values was 63,453 to $73,758mg/\ell$ for faeces, and 5,678 to $7,428mg/\ell$, for urine. SS values of solid and liquid excreta ranged from 142,200 to 176,000 and from 710 to $1,025mg/\ell$, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of cattle sluny and zeolite application for the improvement of germination and establishment of grasses in infertile slopped land. The best establishment and winter survival of grasses were observed in the plot of cattle slurry application. The dry matter yield of grasses was increased by 12% in the plot of compaction + cattle slurry application when compared with control. Alteration effect of soil pH was v q high and the content of organic matter was increased by addition of the soil conditioner.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.118-122
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• 1996

난황을 이용한 유화식품인 마요네즈 제조시 천연고분자 물질인 chitosan의 사용가능성을 조사하기 위하여 난황의 유화력과 유화 안전성에 미치는 chitosan의 효과와 마요네즈 제조시 chitosan 첨가특성을 조사하였다. Chitosan을 난황 무게에 대해 0.1% 첨가한 결과난항의 유화력은 약 10%증진되었으며 유화 안정성은 뚜렷이 증진되었다. 마요네즈 제시 0.1% chitosan 첨가에 의해 마요네즈의 유화 안정성을 증가되었으며 대조구의 첨가 대두유에 비해 40% 증량 처리구에 있어 유화 안정성 및 점도는 대조구에 비해 우수하였으며 색택은 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 마요네즈의 퍼짐서, 점성, 맛, 종합적 기호도에 관한 기호성은 0.1% chitosan 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 양호하였으며, 40% 증량한 경우 더욱 우수하였으며 60% 증량한 겨웅 대조구와 유사하였다.