• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 1996

A mixed forest community of Abies holophylla and broad-leaved trees in Odaesan National Park was studied to determine the adequate number of plots of shrub stratum for investigating forest community structure. Thirty 5m*5m plots were set up in the shrub stratum, and species-area curve and performance curve were made out. The minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produce in number of plots produced less than the same percentage increase in number of species was six. The minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the half of the percentage increase in number of plots was eleven. The minimum number of plots where the dominant species was distinguished from the subdominant species was five. The minimum numver of plots where the first subdominant species was distinguished from other subdominant species was ten. The diffrence of species diversity(H') between five or more plots and total thirty plots was less than 0.05. Similarity index was more than 70% between five or more plots and total thirty plots, and more than 80% between ten or more plots and total thirty plots. The conclusion is that the adequate number of 5m*5m plots for the shrub stratum was about 5 in general case and about 10 in case of requiring more accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.394-400
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• 2002

A mixed forest community of broad-leaved trees in Guryongsan area was studied to determine the adequate number of plots of tree and shrub strata for investigating forest community structure. Fifteen 10m$\times$10m plots were set up in the tree stratum and fifteen 5m$\times$5m plots were set up in the shrub stratum. Species-area curves and performance curves were made from vegetation analysis of the plots. In tree stratum, the minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the same percentage in number of species was five. In tree stratum, minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in nuts her of plots produced less than the half of the percentage increase in number of species was ten. In tree stratum, minimum number of plots where the dominant species was distinguished from the subdominant species was four In tree stratum. minimum number of plots where the subdominant species were distinguished from each other was eight. In tree stratum, the difference of species diversity(H') between seven or more plots and total fifteen plots was less than 0.05 Similarity index was more than 80% between aye or more plots and total fifteen plots, and more than 90% between nine or more plots and total fifteen plots. In shrub stratum, the minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the same percentage in number of species was five . In shrub stratum, the minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the half of the percentage increase in number of species was twelve. In shrub stratum. minimum number of plots where the dominant species was distinguished from the subdominant species was four. In shrub stratum, the minimum number of plots where the subdominant species were distinguished from each other was thirteen. In shrub stratum, the difference of species diversity(H') between six or more plots and total fifteen plots was less than 0.05. Similarity index was more than 80% between five or more plots and total fifteen plots, and more than 90% between nine or more plots and total fifteen plots. It may be given as a conclusion that adequate number of 10m$\times$10m plots for the tree stratnm was about 5 in general acse and 10 in case of requiring more accuracy, and that the adequate number of 5m$\times$5m plots for ahrub stratum was about 5 in general case and 13 in case of requiring more accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 1993

A mixed deciduous forest community in Mt. Sobaek was studied to determine the adequate number of plots of tree stratum for investigating forest community structure. Twenty l0m $\times$ l0m plots were set up iii the studied forest community, and species area curve. performance curve and statistical method were carried out. According to species-area curve, the minimal number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the same percentage increase in number of species was eight. The minimal number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the half of the percentage increase in number of plots was eleven. According to performance curve by importance value of the major species, the minimal number of plots where the dominant species was distinguished from the subdominant species was five. The minimal number of plots where the subdominant species was distinguished from each other was ten. Therefore, ten l0m $\times$ l0m plots seems to give an adequate sample for investigating structure of the studied forest community. Similarity index between the ten plots and total twenty plots was above 90%, and 95% confidence interval of species diversity of the ten plots was $\pm$ 0.073.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 1958

Streptomycin 은 아직까지 가장 동물체에 안전한 항생물질로 알려져 왔으나, BROWNLEE와 BUSHBY (1948)에 의하면 백혈구가 Streptomycin 처리에 의해 죽는다고 하였다. 본인등은 Streptomycin을 처리한 흰쥐의 백혈구수의 변화와 백혈구 지체의 운동능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 치사를 이르키게하는 최저를 이내인 10mg, 5mg, 2mg. 1mg. 0,5mg을 각각 흰쥐에 주사한 후 일정한 시간내의 백혈구수의 변화를 보면 처리후 1시간에서부터 6시간 사이에 백혈구수가 급격히 감소하며 정상지인 12,000에서 최하 3,000수까지 내려간다. 감소하는 정도는 처리량의 다소에 관계없이 대개동일하게 일어나는 것이다. 감소하는 원인을 추구하고저 쥐의 미부로부터 탐혈하여 이에 Streptomycin을 직접 접촉시켜 백혈구의 운동능을 조사하였다. Streptomycin의 량에 tt례하여 백혈구의 운동속도는 저하한다. 일정량을 초과할 때는 백혈구는 단시간내에 죽는다. 처리량의 다소를 불문하고 일정한 정도로 수의 감소가 일어나는 것과는 달리 백혈구의 운동능은 량에 따라 많은 변화를 가져온다. 이것으로 보아 백혈구수의 감소와 운동능의 저하와는 특별한 관계가 없는 것으로 보며 백혈구수 감소의 원인에 대해서는 추후 실험에서 밝혀야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 1998

본 연구는 Percoll,Swim-up 그리고 Glass-wool 여과법의 세가지 정자분리 방법에 대한 정자 회수율, 생존율과 첨체반응율, 그리고 체외수정 후 배양시간에 따른 전핵형성율,수정란의 발달율과 세포할구수에 대한 효과를 조사하고자 실시하였다. 도축된 암소로 부터 채취한 난자를 22시간 체외배양 후 성숙된 난자를 체회수정시켰다. 수정 후 배양시간에 따라 존핵율을 조사하였으며 48시간에 분할율,192시간에 배반포기 발달율 및 세포할구수를 각각 비교 조사하였다. 정자의 첨체반응과 생존율은 처리군간에 차이가 없으나 회수율에 있어서 percoll 처리군이 다른 두 처리군보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.001).수정 후 배양시간별 전핵형성에 있어서도 percoll 처리군이 다른 두 처리군보다 빨리 진행됨을 볼 수 있다. 분할율에 있어서는 처리군간에 유의적 차이가 없으나.배반포기 발달율과 세포할구수에 있어서는 pecoll 처리군이 다른 두 처리군보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과로 보아 percoll 처리에 대한 정자분리 방법은 정자 회수율이 높고 수정시 전핵형성 시간이 단축되어, 그 결과로 배반포기 발달율과 수정란의 세포할구수에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was undertaken to retrospectively evaluate white blood ceil kinetics, especially lymphocyte depression after different treatments, and to find the correlation between immunosuppression and large blood volume and dynamic blood flow within the mediastinal radiotherapy (RT) field in lung cancer. Materials and Methods : Thirty-four patients with lung cancer were retrospectively evaluated; 10 patients had only radiotherapy (RT group), 8 had chemotherapy (CT group) and 16 fad chemotherapy and radio-therapy (RT/CT group). The mean follow-up periods of the RT-including groups (RT group and RT/CT group) and the RT-excluding group (CT group) were 6 and 8 months, respectively. Complete blood cell counts including lymphocyte percentage $(\%)$ were checked weekly during RT but less frequently during CT and after RT and after RT. Results : Changes in total white blood cell counts were not significantly different among the three groups. The lymphocyte count and lymphocyte $\%$ were much lower in the RT-including groups than in the RT-excluding group. The difference between pre-treatment and final lymphocyte count and the difference between pre-treatment and final lymphocyte $\%$ were significant (p=0.044 and p=0.037) between the RT-including groups and the RT-excluding group. Conclusion : lymphopenia was more marked after treatment containing RT than CT only. Lymphopenia may be one cause of a compromised immune system after mediastinal irradiation in lung cancer. We suggest cautiously that previous studies showing evidence of lymphocyte apoptosis after low-dose irradiation and large blood volume and dynamic blood flow within the RT fields could be somewhat related to lymphopenia after mediastinal irradiation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 2002

Purpose : We intended to find out how the red cell transfusion would change the white cell count in preterm neonates under treatment in the intensive care unit. We also speculated whether the magnitude of such a change could indicate a potential neonatal infection. Methods : Total white blood cell count, total neutrophil count, and band count were compared and analyzed retrospectively on 33 preterm neonates who received red cell transfusions in our hospital's intensive care unit over a period of two years and a month. Results : We found a mean change of $1.33{\times}10^3/mm^3$ and $0.55{\times}10^3/mm^3$ in total white blood cell count and total neutrophil count in the first eight hours following the red cell transfusion. No significant change was observed in band count between pre and post-red cell transfusion. Conclusion : A mild increase in the white blood cell count caused by an increase in neutrophil count was observed temporarily following the red cell transfusion. But the white blood cell count returned to the pre-transfusion level in about 24 hours, indicating that such a low level of increase cannot be interpreted as an infection of a preterm neonate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 1996

취식시 열수처리하여 수분이내에 누룽지의 고유의 풍미를 지니고 식감이 우수하여 보구언력이 빠른 즉석 누룽지를 개발하기 위한 목적으로 취반조건을 찜솔 취반, 압력솥 취반 그리고 다단식 증기솥 취반을 따르고 누룽지의 제조공정인 쌀의 침지, 취반, 굽기, 건조의 네단께의 기본공정을 검토하여 누룽지를 제조하였으며 취반조건에 다른 누룽지 이화확적 성질을 비교 실험하였다. 취반조건에 따른 누룽지 용출액의 총당 함량은 다단식 증기솥 취반이 7분에서 1.99%호 최대 함량을 보였고 압력솥 취반은 7분에서 1.92%였으며 찜솥 취반은 5분에서 1.22%의 함량을 보였다. 누룽지 가루의 물 결합능력은 다단식 증기솥 취반이 6.4(쌀 가루의 2.5배), 찜솥 취반이 6.2(쌀가루의 2.4배), 압력솥 취반이 6.1(쌀 가루의 2.3배)이었다. 누룽지의 기호도 조사결과, 다단식 증기솥 취반의 누룽지에서는 색, 견고성, 점착성 그리고 전체적인 선호도가 높게 나타났으며, 압력솥 취반 누룽지에서는 탁한 정도, 구수한 냄새, 구수한 맛의 관능 특성치가 높게 나타났고 찜솥 취반의 누룽지에서는 점착성의 항목을 제외한 다른 관능특성치에서 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다. 또한 전체적 선호도와 상관관계가 있는 특성치로는 구수한 맛, 견고성, 점착성이었다.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2000

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a upstream component of insulin signaling by which protein synthesis can be stimulated in many systems. To elucidate involvement of PI3K and its downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the insulin signaling in pleimplantation mouse embryos, 8-cell embryos were cultured to blastocysts in the presence or absence of insulin and／or inhibitor drugs. The number of blastomeres per blastocyst, protein synthesis, and protein phosphorylation were examined. There was significant difference in embryonic development to blastocyst stage and hatching was potentiated by the insulin supplementation. The increase in the mean celt numbers per blastocyst was apparent in the insulin culture. Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor and rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR abolished the stimulatory effect of insulin on morphological development mitosis and protein synthesis. In autoradiography, phosphoproteins pp22 and pp30 which undergo phosphorylation in response to insulin were identified. Taken together, it can be suggested that PI3K and mTOR engaged in insulin signaling in the mouse embryo 8-cell onward and mediate embryotropic offset of insulin.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.3 s.35
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• pp.363-372
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• 1991

We used the health screening data of some rural and urban residents to examine the cross-sectional association between leukocyte count and hypertension. The 206 male and 203 female rural residents were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method in Kyungsan-Kun area of Kyungbuk province in 1985 and 600 urban residents were selected by the same sampling method as the rural residents in Daegu city of the same province in 1986 compatible with age-sex distribution of Daegu city of 1985 census, but of whom 384 actually responded. The rest of 600 were replaced by age and sex with those who were members of the medical insurance plan visiting the health management department of the university hospital to get the biannual preventive medical checkups. Excluded in the analysis were those having hypertensive history, diseases and extreme outlying values of the screening tests, leaving 373 rural and 571 urban residents. Leukocyte count was measured with ELT-8 Laser shadow method and the unit $cells/mm^3$, Blood pressures were determined with an aneroid sphygmomanometer with pre-standardized method and hypertensives were defined as those showing systolic blood pressure more than 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure more than 90mmHg. Total residents pooled (N=944) showed a significant difference between hypertensives and normotensives ($6965.93{\pm}1997.01\;vs\;6490.61{\pm}1941.32,\;P=0.00$) and in rural residents was noted the similar significant difference (P=0.03). None of significant differences were noted in any stratum stratified by residency and sex. Compared to the lowest quintile of WBC, 2/5 quintile showed odds ratio 0.99 (95% Confidence interval, Ci 0.62-1.59), 3/5 quintile 1.41 (95% CI 0.90-2.21), 4/5 quintile 1.76 (95% CI. 1.14-2.72), and highest quintile 1.80 (1.15-2.82) in the total residents. Likelihood ratio test for linear trend for it indicated a significant trend ($X^2_{trend}=5.53,\;df=1,\;P<0.05$). There were no other significant odds ratios compared to the lowest quintile of WBC in strata stratified by residency and sex. The odds ratios in total residents which had showed significant odds ratios became nonsignificant and of reduced magnitude after controlling age, frequency of smoking and drinking with multiple logistic. regression. In each stratum, it changed magnitudes of odds ratios slightly and unstably. None of the trend tests showed any significant trend. These results suggest that the Friedman et al's finding of association between leukocyte count and hypertension may be due to an statistical type I error resulting from the data dredging in an exploratory study, in which more than 800 variables were screened as possible predictors of hypertension.