• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.72-83
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• 2014

Film is a visual art. A process of film totally depends on our sense of sight. It indicates that a way of delivering narrative in the film is "showing", not "telling". There has already been established theories about "who sees" and "who tells" in narratology. It explains who the narrator is and how the narrator delivers in literary works which is represented in terms of "Point-of View". Therefore the study contents construct internal formal elements of the narrator and point of view into 2 individual researches, and the result can be summed up as below. From a narratological perspective, the narrator has roles and deeds as a narrative mediator who mediates the story and leads the story as presenting the origin with images and voices in the text extra and intra world through the process of producing the narrative inferred. To eliminate ambiguousness the term 'point-of view', this article applies 'focalization' theory to analyze narrative structure of film. The result of analysis shows that there are three focalizers in film; director, protagonist-character and camera. And aspects of film can be varied by distance of each focalizer. These distances between focalizers limit amount of visual information.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.733-751
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 기술사업화 관련 1987년부터 2016년까지 국내 등재학술지에 발표된 198편의 논문을 선정하여 분석함으로써 관련 국내연구의 동향을 살펴보았다. 그 동안 축적된 국내 기술사업화연구의 시대별 흐름과 전체적인 경향을 살펴보고자 기술적분석(descriptive analysis)방법을 적용하여 연구영역, 연구방법, 연구주제, 연구대상에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 연구시기별 분석을 통해 "기술이전촉진법" 제정 후 약 2년 후인 2002년부터 국내등재학술지에 기술사업화 연구논문 게재가 본격화되었고, 지난 2016년에는 2002년 대비 5배에 달하는 연구논문 증가세를 확인할 수 있었으며, 연구영역분석에서는 기술혁신 연구관련 4대 학회지(기술혁신학회지, 벤처창업연구, 기술혁신연구, 지식재산연구)의 연구논문이 전체의 40% 점유사실이 관찰되었으며, 분석대상논문들에 적용된 연구방법들을 살펴본 결과, 양적연구가 전체의 53%, 문헌연구 29%, 질적연구 11%, 혼합연구 8%의 순으로 나타났다. 연구대상별 연구동향은 기술수요기업을 대상으로 하는 연구가 전체의 33%, 정부의 정책 제도 및 시스템을 연구대상하는 연구가 29%를 점유하고 있다는 분석결과가 나왔으며, 연구주제의 동향분석과 관련해서는 '사업화 프로세스'를 주제로 연구한 논문이 전제의 28%, '기술사업화 요소'에 대한 연구가 전체의 23%를 차지함을 살표볼 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 지난 30여년에 걸친 기술혁신정책들과 연계하여 그 동안 축적된 연구들을 분석하여 국내학계의 연구동향을 보다 넓은 시각에서 조망해보는 최초의 시도라는 점에서 우선적인 의의를 찾을 수 있으며, 기존 연구들을 체계적으로 분석하고 정리해 봄으로서, 그 결과로부터 향후 기술사업화 정책방향에 대한 시사점 제공과 향후 연구방향에 대한 실질적인 함의를 제공할 수 있는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대해본다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is a suggestion that it is a way for conservation and management the Namgye Seowon's heritage value based on its landscape visibility and land use; Namgye Seowon is a world heritage registration object. To do this, We had done a field investigation and a literature examination. The investigations are as following; first, setting protection zone through a comprehensive approach beyond uniform cultural properties protection zone is to note current intellectual situations as well as the place related to the locational characteristics and figures of Namgye Seowon. It's to set fore seeable section of landscape by analyzing visibility focusing through on Pungyeongnu, and it consider with protection zone and the present condition of land use. Especially, external view of landscape in Namgye Seowon is visualized with Baekam-san in the distance view of it and Cheonhwang-bong in Daebong-san and nearby large soundproof walls and the towers acts as an impediment factor to the view of landscape. In addition, to recover the original view of landscape of the Namgye Seowon, reckless plans focusing the authenticity of the world heritage should be limited and in case of the vegetation landscape, restoration and maintenance will be made through historical research literature. Through this study, researches on Namgye Seowon and several seowons will be done actively and its aims are to become the framework of landscape conservation and management measures to meet world heritage criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.86-93
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• 2009

This study analyzes the systematic visual images and factors in and outside of the main courtyard in Byungsan-seowon. The results are as follows; In terms of space distribution, Ip-kyo-dang is located at an elevation of 85m and the distance to Byung-san is 365m. Byung-san with the mean gradient over $50^{\circ}$ looked so stiff, and the east side of that cliff is higher than west. In terms of the angle of elevation relationship between Man-dae-ru and Byung-san draw 10.5 degree and it suits with human scale. The D/H ratio of 1:3 makes the given place very spacious but the linear stiff shape of Byung-san may cause the feeling of closeness. The results of the visual image analysis of the main yard facing Byung-san is very positive with a score of 1.70 in openness, 1.78 in wideness, 1.96 in beauty, 1.96 in harmony for the spacious arrangement which overall, makes the seowon beautiful with many open spaces. There are 4 main implicated factors analyzed which are uniqueness, aesthetic, openness and nature. Out of the total variables, these factors' descriptive ability is 55.90% and the remaining 44.10% is error and peculiarities variables. The factor which contributed most to Byungsan-seowon's main yard's visual preference was the 'aesthetic' with B-values of 0.661 and 0.455 in the nature category.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.30-37
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• 2018

The uniformed regulations for control of the height of buildings owned by individuals to protect landscape of cultural properties are causing serious social conflicts by limiting the development of landowners. It is urgent need of introducing indicators that can resolve such conflicts and evaluate the regulations of buildings, which can satisfy urban development as well as landscape management of cultural properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to simulate landscape changes according to the Cultural Heritage Protection Act and National Land Planning and Utilization Act by using Unity3D in the Pungnammun Gate(Treasure No. 308) of Jeonju and its surroundings, where architectural cultural property forms the symbolic landscape of the city. Then some items such as view points, target points were introduced and the quantitative evaluation of landscapes was attempted by applying the indicator of 3D Visual Exposure. As a result, the viewing opportunity and viewing area of Pungnammun Gate were not significantly influenced by changes in landscape according to the two laws. However, the change of the height of buildings by the National Land Planning and Utilization Act, which has the greatest development capacity, confirmed the possibility of weakening the identification of the Pungnammun Gate by increasing 3D Visual Exposure of the background buildings more than two times. Finally, it was confirmed that the skyline of Pungnammun Gate was clearly infringed upon development under the National Land Planning and Utilization Act, but the skyline was maintained similar to the current situation in the regulation by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act. Thus, this study is meaningful in that the application of 3D Visual Exposure showed the possibility of utilization as an indicator for quantitatively evaluating the protection of view on cultural property and skyline according to the changes of building heights.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

This study was conducted a visual landscape resources inventory and grade assessment on natural resources and cultural resources of Chiaksan National Park. Landscapes of National Parks are categorized into four types: seascape, mountain landscape, village landscape, and temple historical landscape. Landscape lists were constructed for each district for a total of 120 lists through field research on 7 trails. The landscape list per trail has Guryong~Birobong(31%), Seungnam~Namdaebong(22%), Geumdae~Namdaebong(16%), Bugok~Hanenggu(165), Hwanggol~Ipseoksa(6%), Hyangrobong~Nandaebong(5%) and Godeunjae~Wontonggol(4%). Landscape Assessment items were divided into five characteristics of view, unique, use, history culture, natural reflected by item. Items were divided into three grades of landscape by 4, 3, 2, 1 for each item of the assessment criteria and Delphi survey. Mountain landscapes were assessed in I grade of 72 sites, II grade of 26 sites, III grade of 7 sites. Temple Historical landscapes were assessed in I grade of 4 sites, II grade of 7 sites, III grade of 4 sites. The study results can be used as a basis for mountain parks management. It is necessary to focus on managing the landscape of I grade site. The higher ratings of the Mountain landscapes are related to the view and natural score. Also, the grading of Temple Historical landscapes is related to the history cultural, natural and use score. In addition, the mountain landscape were identified as being included outside landscape resources, the place of landscape resources with outside ratings were higher and the view was related. Landscape management is needed for the conservation of Mountain landscape and Temple Historical landscape type rating as excellent areas on the basis of the results of the inventory and assessment. For future improvement the Guryong-Birobong trail is judged as a harmonious representative landscape of the Mountain and Temple Historical landscape and will require conservation as a focus management area. In the case of Mountain landscape improvements, maintenance such as pruning trees, wood observatory and interpretation sign for a landscape with minimal inhibitory landscaping is needed. When installing artificial facilities in the Temple Historical landscapes, the use of materials harmonizing with the surroundings landscape must be considered as well as the standards of facilities limitation.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.1625-1632
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• 2013

R&D productivity(P) and qualification(Q) for 16 regions in Korea were measured using all scientific output (articles) from several kinds of specific R&D program under the 3rd regional science and technology promotion policy(2008-2012). R&D capabilities of 16 regions were evaluated from Q-P position analysis and also compared between these regions for the purpose of examining their R&D capability status. Especially, R&D topographical map was created using the output of research and development over 5 years for investigating GyeongNam district's activities in science and technology and also analyzing co-relationship between basic research areas (or fields) and specialized strategic industrial sectors of GyeongNam district. As results of this study, 20 future-oriented research fields were suggested from this topographical map, which reflected internal R&D potentials and industrial infrastructure of GyeongNam district.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean Wisdom Scale and examine the validity of the scale. The Korean Wisdom Scale was developed and identified its validity by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis. The Korean Wisdom Scale consists of five factors, which are 'Outlook and Insight', 'Adjustment of Emotion', 'Perspective Taking', 'Integration of Experience', 'Concern and Comprehension'. Those five factors indicated the reasonable fit index by confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, this scale identified a significant positive relation with psychological well-being such as satisfaction and meaning of life, satisfaction of relationship. On the other hand, it indicated a negative relation with psychological symptoms such as neurosis and clinging. Also, the scale was differentiated from Adult Self-transcendence Inventory. Therefore, the results indicated that this scale has a reliable criterion-related validity. Finally, implication and limitation of this study were discussed in relation with future studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.64-73
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present a method to assess the landscape aesthetic value of Bukhansan National Park using geotagged images that have been shared on social media sites. The method presented in this study consisted mainly of collecting geotagged image data, identifying landscape images, and analyzing the cumulative visibility by applying a target probability index. Ramblr is an application that supports outdoor activities with many users in Korea, from which a total of 110,954 geotagged images for Bukhansan National Park were collected and used to assess the landscape aesthetics. The collected geotagged images were interpreted using the Google Vision API, and were subsequently were divided into 11 landscape image types and 9 non-landscape image types through cluster analysis. As a result of analyzing the landscape types of Bukhansan National Park based on the extracted landscape images, landscape types related to topographical characteristics, such as peaks and mountain ranges, accounted for the largest portion, and forest landscapes, foliage landscapes, and waterscapes were also commonly found as major landscape types. In the derived landscape aesthetic value map, the higher the elevation and slope, the higher the overall landscape aesthetic value, according to the proportion and characteristics of these major landscape types. However, high landscape aesthetic values were also confirmed in some areas of lowlands with gentle slopes. In addition, the Bukhansan area was evaluated to have higher landscape aesthetics than the Dobongsan area. Despite the high elevation and slope, the Dobongsan area had a relatively low landscape aesthetic value. This shows that the aesthetic value of the landscape is strongly related not only to the physical environment but also to the recreational activities of visitors who are viewing the scenery. In this way, the landscape aesthetics assessment using the cumulative visibility of geotagged images is expected to be useful for planning and managing the landscape of Bukhansan National Park in the future, through allowing the geographical understanding of the landscape values based on people's perceptions and the identification of the regional deviations.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.127-148
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• 2023

In this study, we used an analysis of the literature on socio-scientific issues (SSI) classes to examine domestic SSI class research and to determine the characteristics of SSI class research for each subject. A search for papers related to SSI classes published in Korea Citation Index-listed journals and candidate journals of the Korea Research Foundation found 95 relevant papers, which were then categorized according to participants and topics. Studies with both pre-service and experienced teachers attempted to investigate SSI-related perceptions. Studies of pre-service teachers tended to examine the level and development pattern of argumentation or to analyze decision-making characteristics and informal reasoning. Studies of experienced teachers tended to analyze instructional expertise in SSI teaching activities, focusing on teachers with substantial SSI teaching experience. Middle and high school students-related studies examined student decision-making and reasoning processes in SSI learning activities, developed SSI class programs, and analyzed educational effects. Examining the characteristics of SSI classes for elementary school students was difficult because few such studies have been published. However, the characteristics that elementary school students show in SSI learning situations could be inferred. A plan to revitalize SSI classes in the elementary science education field from the perspective of teacher education and class research is suggested.