• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-43
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• 2014

Goods, services and construction works needed by central government entities, local government entities, and other public institutions are procured with national budget. For efficient budget execution, Article 9 Paragraph 1 of the Enforcement Decree of the Act on Contracts to Which the State is a Party (hereinafter "State Contract Act") provides for the criteria for determining estimated price. Sub-paragraph 2 of the paragraph provides for the "determination of estimated price by cost calculation". On this legal basis, pricing criteria for the determination of estimated price, based on the project purpose, are announced by responsible authorities. This study analyzes the pricing criteria for technology services and proposes a price calculation methodology that can ensure transparency, as a practical improvement for more rational and efficient budget execution in the public sector.

• Korean Architects
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• no.4 s.360
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• pp.58-69
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• 1999

WTO 세계무역기구의 발족과 더불어 국가간의 개방과 정책에 따라 건설시장은 물론 사회 전 분야에 걸쳐 새로운 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 건축 관련 부분은 민간사업뿐 아니고 정부 조달시장까지도 개방되어 정부부처나 지방 자치단체에서 구매하는 물품(설계 및 시공 포함)에 외국업체가 참여하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 건축 설계의 경우 "서비스 무역에 관한 일반 협정"에 의해 원칙적인 기준만 체결되어 있을 뿐 상호인증에 관한 세부사항은 서로의 제도가 동일하거나 합의한 나라를 제외하고는 당사국간의 상이한 제도와 운영체제로 인하여 실용화되고 있지 않고 있다. 국내에서는 지난 4년간 "국가를 상대로 하는 계약에 관한 법률"을 제정하고 건설제도 기획단을 운영하여 시장개방에 대처해 왔으나 국제적인 건축 설계 관련 단체인 UIA와는 의견 교환이 없었다. 특히 상호인증에 따른 기본 요건으로 대두되고 있는 건축교육, 실습 및 훈련, 건축사 자격 등에 대한 우리의 입장을 정리하여 국제적으로 대응할 필요성이 요구되고 있으며 건축설계 관련자들에게 매우 중요한 관심사의 하나로 되어 있다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 논의하기 위해 국제건축가연맹(UIA)에서는 용역실무협의회를 설치하여 이미 2년여에 걸쳐 인정방법에 대한 세부사항을 검토하고 있으며, 올해(6월) 북경 총회에서 상호인정 표준안을 공포할 예정이다. 이와 관련하여 건축3단체(대한건축사협회, 대한건축학회, 한국건축가협회)주관으로 건축사자격 상호인정에 대한 공동 대응책을 논의하고자 건축계와 정부가 함께 참석하여 토론회를 개최한 바 있으며, 또한 본협회 국제위원회에서 한국측을 대표하여 지난 98년 12월에 열린 UIA 용역실무위원회(PPC)에 참석하여 상호인정에 대한 우리측 입장을 개진한 바 있다. 이에 본지에서는 문호 개방에 따른 한국건축의 현안에 대한 현실적이고 구체적인 문제점이 검토되고 아울러 우리 건축계의 입장 정리와 실질적인 의견을 수렴하고자 UIA 국제 표준안 전문에 이어 부록을 정리하여 게재한다.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2018

This study analyze the factors affecting the number of bidders in public contracts by collecting contract data such as purchase of goods, service and facility construction through KONEPS among various forms of public contracts. The reason why the number of bidders is important in public contracts is that it can be a minimum criterion for judging whether to enter into a rational contract through fair competition and is closely related to the budget reduction of the ordering organization or the profitability of the bidders. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that determine the participation of bidders in public contracts and to present the problems and policy implications of bidders' participation in public contracts. This research distinguishes the existing sampling based research by analyzing and analyzing many contracts such as purchasing, service and facility construction of 4.35 million items in which 50,000 public institutions have been placed as national markets and 300,000 individual companies and corporations participated. As a research model, the number of announcement days, budget amount, contract method and winning bid is used as independent variables and the number of bidders is used as a dependent variable. Big data and multidimensional analysis techniques are used for survey analysis. The conclusions are as follows: First, the larger the budget amount of public works projects, the smaller the number of participants. Second, in the contract method, restricted competition has more participants than general competition. Third, the duration of bidding notice did not significantly affect the number of bidders. Fourth, in the winning bid method, the qualification examination bidding system has more bidders than the lowest bidding system.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.247-280
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• 2020

For customs-free and liberalization on the trade of aircraft parts, the WTO Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft was separately concluded as plurilateral trade agreement at the time of launching WTO in 1995, and currently 33 countries including the United States and the EU are acceded but Korea does not. Major details of the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft include product coverage, the elimination of customs duties and other charges, the prohibition of government-directed procurement of civil aircraft, the application of the Agreement on Subsides and Countervailing Measures, and the consultation on issues related to this Agreement and dispute resolution. Article 89 paragraph 6 of the current Customs Act was newly established on December 31, 2018, and the tariff reduction rate for imports of aircraft parts will be reduced in stages from May 2019 and the tariff reduction system will be abolished in 2026. Accordingly, looking at the impact of the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft on the aviation industry, first, as for the impact on the air transport industry, an tariff allotment of the domestic air transport industry is expected to reach about 160 billion won a year from 2026, and upon acceding to the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft, the domestic air transport industry will be able to import aircraft parts at no tariff, so it will not have to pay 3 to 8 percent import duties. Second, as for the impact on the aviation MRO industry, if the tariff reduction system for aircraft parts is phased out or abolished in stages, overseas outsourcing costs in the engine maintenance and parts maintenance are expected to increase, and upon acceding to the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft, the aviation MRO industry will be able to import aircraft parts at no tariff, so it will reduce overseas outsourcing costs. If the author proposes a policy direction for the trade liberalization of aircraft parts to ensure competitiveness of the aviation industry, first, as for the tariff reduction by the use of FTA, in order to be favored with the tariff reduction by the use of FTA, it is necessary to secure the certificate of origin from foreign traders in the United States and the EU, and to revise the provisions of Korea-Singapore and Korea-EU FTA. Second, as for the push of acceding to the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft, it would be resonable to push the acceding to Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft for customs-free on the trade of aircraft parts, as the tariff reduction method by the use of FTA has limits. Third, as for the improvement of the tariff reduction system for aircraft parts under the Customs Act, it is expected that there will take a considerable amount of time until the acceding to the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft, so separate improvement measures are needed to continue the tariff reduction system of aircraft parts under Article 89 paragraph 6 of the Customs Act. In conclusion, Korea should accede to the WTO Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft to create an environment in which our aviation industry can compete fairly with foreign aviation industries and ensure competitiveness by achieving customs-free and liberalization on the trade of aircraft parts.