• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

In this paper, Fengshui Theory Analysis Eunpyeong-New Town. The analysis frame is man and nature integrated, suit one measures to local conditions, analysis of macro environment site selection, analysis of micro environment site selection, analysis of traffic lines, orientations of residential analysis. The result is as follows: The analysis of the macro environment site selection of Eunpyeong-New Town at Northwest Mountain shape is open, so in the winter exposure of the northwest there is wind. Therefore, according to Fengshui there is a bad pattern formation. Analysis of the macro environment site selection has four animal frames seperated into two districts. The result is district one has "bad" ground. District two uses Bibo to restore small brooks so the formation has "good" ground. Finally, we use Fengshui of Bibo to propose solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.68-80
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• 2023

With the recent changes in society and the introduction of new technologies, the usage patterns of parks have become diverse, leading to increased complexity in park management. As a result, there is a growing demand for flexible and diverse park management that can adapt to these new requirements. However, there is inadequate discussion on these new demands and whether urban park management policies can respond. Therefore, empirical research on how park usage patterns are evolving is critical. To address this, blog data, in which individuals share their experiences, was used to examine the spatial consumption patterns through semantic network and topic analysis. This study also explored whether these spatial consumption patterns exhibit experiential consumption characteristics according to the experience economy theory. The results showed that consumption behaviors, such as renting picnic sets and having food and drinks delivered, were prominent and that emotional experiences were pursued. Furthermore, these findings were consistent with the experiential consumption characteristics of the experience economy theory. This suggests that park planning and maintenance methods need to become more flexible and diverse in response to the changing demands for park usage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.9-24
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• 2010

This study investigates how students perceive landscape design studio classes and provides basic data to set guidelines for future student-oriented pedagogical strategies in landscape architectural design education. This study is based on the premise that the current dominant educational method, which is based on positivism, should shift to a constructivist approach, which allows students to question objective and absolute truths and restructure knowledge based on their own experiences. Unlike lecture-oriented classes, studio education relies heavily on the perceptions, attitudes, and capabilities of individual students because the nature of the class asks each student to find solutions to given project problems in creative and visual ways. Therefore, it is important to understand the psychological state of students during these classes in order to set alternative criteria for design studio education. This study contains three parts. The first part reviews theoretical discourses to understand the demands for a student-oriented educational paradigm shift and the nature of the design studio at many levels. The second part analyzes how students perceive design studio classes in terms of their satisfaction and stress levels and how studio classes affect their decision making regarding future careers. The stress levels accompanying the design process are also investigated, based on a survey of undergraduate students who are enrolled in the landscape architecture programs of four universities in Korea. According to the findings, design studio classes play a specific role in students' decision making about their future careers. Almost half of students turn out to be dissatisfied with their design education, and half of students suffer from high stress levels caused by studio classes, especially in the early phases of the design process. The findings suggest that instructors should give more attention to discovering ways to help students initiate the design process and bridge ideas and forms, provide clear guidelines for evaluation of students' abilities, and develop a more holistic approach in design studio classes that is based on individual problem-solving processes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 2014

This study aimed to grasp Feng Shui Geographical Thought appears in layout, Axial symmetry, hierarchical planning, spatial composition and hidden design techniques of Chinese Garden, that is "Xue effect", "Long-Sha effect" and "Shuikou effect", and to study on expression in Landscape Space. The Author selected the Chinese courtyard and the Nets Garden as the object to prove the Layout landscaping techniques; and selected Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Forbidden City, A square design in Xuanwei as the object to prove the Axial Symmetrical and Hierarchical landscaping techniques, and also selected the Lingering G-arden and the Gentle Waves Pavilion, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, and Nanhu Park in Taian as the object to prove the Spatial Composition and Hidden design techniques. The methods of this article is combined Literature survey and Field survey with Case analysis to draw the conclusions as follows: First, "Xue effect" of Chinese Feng Shui Geographical Thought is suitable for the layout of Chinese courtyard and the Nets Garden in Suzhou; Second, "Long-Sha effect" is suitable for the urban planning of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasty, and the layout of the Forbidden City, by the city square design in Xuanwei, we can see that it is also suitable for Chinese modern landscape design; Third, "Shuikou effect" is appeared in the Spatial Composition and Hidden design techniques. All of these landscape design techniques are commonly used in China's modern landscape. It has been proved by the analysis of the Lingering Garden and the Gentle Waves Pavilion, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, and Nanhu Park in Taian.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.42-53
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• 2023

This paper explores the recent development of environmental aesthetics and critically examines the main agendas, claims, issues, and implications of everyday aesthetics, which is emerging as an important branch of environmental aesthetics. Environmental aesthetics began in the context of cultural change and environmentalism in the 1960s and expanded in the second half of the 20th century with a solid theoretical foundation. At the beginning of the 21st century, it entered a process of diversification of objects and subjects. Having reached academic maturity, environmental aesthetics has expanded into theoretical territory considering the urban environment and the human environment, providing practical coordinates as a discourse for planning and designing urban environments and landscapes. The most notable achievement of environmental aesthetics since the mid-2000s is the establishment of 'everyday aesthetics'. Yuriko Saito, who is leading the research on everyday aesthetics, expanded the objects and scope of aesthetic theory to everyday objects, events, activities, and environments. She excavates the microscopic and sensory aspects of everyday life, which have been overlooked by conventional art-centered aesthetics, through the lens of aesthetics. She reinterprets various layers of phenomena in contemporary urban landscapes and analyzes how the 'power of the aesthetic' hidden in everyday life profoundly affects the quality of life and the state of the world. Saito examines the appreciation of the distinctive characteristics and ambiance inherent in everyday objects and environments and proposes a 'moral-aesthetic judgment' to alert citizens to the environmental, social, and political consequences of everyday aesthetic appreciation and response. This paper identifies the issues and implications of everyday aesthetics as first, the expansion of aesthetics and the ambiguous everyday, second, the moral-aesthetic judgment and the aesthetics of care, and third, urban regeneration landscapes and aesthetic literacy. In particular, the moral virtues of everyday aesthetics that Saito proposes, such as care, thoughtfulness, sensitivity, and respect, provide a critical reference for the practice of contemporary urban regeneration landscapes. The 'aesthetic literacy' is a key concept demonstrating why an environmental aesthetics perspective is necessary to interpret everyday urban environments and landscapes.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2021

Two different types of shear-friction tests were classified by external loadings and referred to as a push-off and a pull-off test. In a pull-off test, a tension force is applied in the transverse direction of the test specimen to produce a shear stress at the shear plane. This paper presents a method to evaluate shear transfer strengths of uncracked pull-off specimens. The method is based on the compression field theory and different constitutive laws are applied in some ways to gain accurate shear strengths considering softening effects of concrete struts based on Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT) and Softened Truss Model (STM). The validity of the proposed method is examined by applying to some selected test specimens in literatures and results are compared with the predicted values. A general agreement is observed between predicted and measured values at ultimate loading stages in initially uncracked pull-off test specimens. A shear strength evaluation formula considering the effective compressive strength of a concrete strut was proposed, and the applicability of the proposed formula was verified by comparing with the experimental results in the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.6 s.107
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• pp.23-35
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• 2005

Korean goral (Nemorhaedus caudatus raddeanus) is an endangered species in Korea, and the rugged terrain of the Sorksan National Park $(373km^2)$ is a critical habitat for the species. Since the goral population is threatened by habitat fragmentation, it is essential to establish a reserve for the isolated goral population. The objective of this study was to propose a reserve for Korean goral in the national Park We employed habitat suitability model, habitat capability model, and the concept of minimum viable population. The results of the study were as follows. First, the carrying capacity and optimal density of gorals in the national park were projected to be 449 gorals, and 251 gorals, respectively Second, since only one patch was projected to satisfy the criteria of minimum viable population (50 individuals/during 50 years), the long term extinction possibility of gorals in the site would be very high. Finally, the patch that satisfy the minimum viable population of goral was proposed as the core zone of the goral reserve and adjacent patches were included as buffer zones.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.18-29
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• 1998

This study was carried out to test the theory of planned behavior in recreational choices behavior. Lotte World was chosen as study area, and college students were selected by nonprobability sampling for two waves of data collection. The first wave of data were collected one weeks into the spring semester : intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were measured. To collect the data of the second wave, the same resondents were asked their behavior, one week data of the second wave, the same respondents were asked their behavior , one week prior to the final examination : whether they visited the Lotte World or not. Polychoric correlation among variables were calculated by the PRELIS because behavior was nominal variable. Then, weighted least square method was utilized to calibrate structural equation model by the LISREL version 7.2. Structural link effect on intention among three determinants : the direct effect on intention was 0.421 and the indirect effect via intention on behavior was 0.145, respectively. However, its effect on behavior was insignificant because actual control over 'visiting of Lotte World' was relatively high. A few comments were sugested on data collection, and inclusion of new variables was discussed for the sufficiency f the theory of planned behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.104.2-104.2
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• 1997

Ji Cheng''''s great work on garden design theory, the ''''Yuanye'''', written in 1631 and originally published in 1634 is the first surviving treatise and most famous and comprehensive work on the suvject in the Chinese tradition. He constructed Dongdiyuan in Changzhou about 1623, Wuyuan in Yizheng in 1631, and Yingyuan in Yangzhou about 1634. But no poems and paintings written by him still exist, and none of his known gardens has survived. Therefore his design philosophy is able to be interpreted only by his work, Yuanye. This study aims at investigating the garden design theory in Yuanye. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Yuanye reflected the garden tastes of literati, and Ji Cheng endeavored to express the deas of literati painting into gardens. 2) The essence of the garden design theory is Xingzao, and Yindi, following the existing lie of the land, and Jiejing, to borrow from the scenery, are two major activities of Xingzao. 3) Ji Cheng''''s design theory build up on the basis of recognizing the existence of masters. 4) Yindi is the environmental and ecological planning and design method. This is the activity to reach the state of artistry through suitability. 5) Jiejing is not merely borrowing the landscape but the making use of scenery around the garden. And only the master has the skill in fitting in with the form of the land. 6) Ji Cheng pursuits the garden which will look like something naturally created though manmade. It is the goal of the Chinese traditional gardens and ideal situation. 7) Ji Cheng aims to unify the environment and landscape design dialectically into Xingzao.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-134
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• 1997

Ji Cheng's great work on garden design theory, the 'Yuanye', written in 1631 and originally published in 1634 is the first surviving treatise and most famous and comprehensive work on the suvject in the Chinese tradition. He constructed Dongdiyuan in Changzhou about 1623, Wuyuan in Yizheng in 1631, and Yingyuan in Yangzhou about 1634. But no poems and paintings written by him still exist, and none of his known gardens has survived. Therefore his design philosophy is able to be interpreted only by his work, Yuanye. This study aims at investigating the garden design theory in Yuanye. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Yuanye reflected the garden tastes of literati, and Ji Cheng endeavored to express the deas of literati painting into gardens. 2) The essence of the garden design theory is Xingzao, and Yindi, following the existing lie of the land, and Jiejing, to borrow from the scenery, are two major activities of Xingzao. 3) Ji Cheng's design theory build up on the basis of recognizing the existence of masters. 4) Yindi is the environmental and ecological planning and design method. This is the activity to reach the state of artistry through suitability. 5) Jiejing is not merely borrowing the landscape but the making use of scenery around the garden. And only the master has the skill in fitting in with the form of the land. 6) Ji Cheng pursuits the garden which will look like something naturally created though manmade. It is the goal of the Chinese traditional gardens and ideal situation. 7) Ji Cheng aims to unify the environment and landscape design dialectically into Xingzao.