• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.363-372
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• 2022

Precast concrete is an effective method to increase the construction quality and construction speed by optimizing and making the manufacturing conditions similar. In order to more effectively produce a fireproof material-integrated precast duct slab, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the fire resistance performance of the fireproof layer is maintained when a method of increasing the curing rate using a hardening accelerator is used. As a result of performing a fire resistance performance test on specimens classified according to whether or not the hardening accelerator was included, increase of temperature inside the specimen was high in the specimens using the hardening accelerator, and the section loss of the fireproof layer occurred locally on the surface exposed to fire heating. In conclusion, it is judged that the fireproof layer in the case where the strength at 3th day of age is gained within 1 day curing age using a hardening accelerator does not guarantee sufficient fire resistance performance in the conditions used in this study.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.523-532
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• 2005

Moving figures and piling up some boxes are newly the introduced studying contents in the 7th curriculum of mathematics and it will be able to form the sense of space of the students. Against the studying contents for the sense of space formation, the teachers of site speak instruction is very difficult and the student's scores are low. Elementary school mathematics studying which inclusive of figure studying is the most effective when they operate the actual object. But in the school site, the instruction with actual object is very difficult because many reasons. And web based studying data system which is for forming the sense of space the students is not abundant because it started initially. From this dissertation, studying contents will be taken out and web base figure studying system will be designed and embodied. The interaction will be active in the system. Student will be able to understand the principle by the medium of the animation from the system and they can improve their sense of space by the interesting game.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.425-441
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• 2009

The cube-accumulation is a new theme included in the 7th elementary mathematics curriculum for improving children's spatial ability. One activity of the cube-accumulation is to recognize the configuration of accumulated cube given three plane figures in the directions of the above, the front and the side, respectively. The approach to this activity presented in the mathematics textbook is more or less intuitive and constructive, and difficult to some children. So we suggest an alternative, more analytic method, 'elimination method', that is eliminating unnecessary parts from $n{\times}n{\times}n$ whole cubes. This method was adopted to the 32 sixth graders, in special five applicants among them. Their responses and activities were analyzed. We confirm that we can teach the cube-accumulation by the elimination method, and some children prefer this method. 13u1 this method requires more exercises to be executed skillfully.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.55-77
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• 2020

In the third comprehensive library development plan, the formal and informal social safety space function of the library is used as a project. Therefore, this study investigated whether libraries were designated as evacuation facilities and related service status, and librarians' awareness, perception and attitude toward disaster and disaster response services. Based on this, it was intended to propose a direction to activate disaster and disaster response services. The research results are as follows. First, it is necessary to improve the perception of librarians who are the service providers. Second, discussions on spatial aspects, such as temporary or permanent, are needed. Third, development of disaster and disaster-related service models is required. Fourth, the administration's support and management are essential for the effectiveness of the library's function as a social safety space. Fifth, when developing guidelines for the role of libraries as social shelters and related services, specific details to address the concerns of individual libraries and librarians need to be specified.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.246-253
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effect of freshwater discharge on benthic community in Nakdong estuaries. The sediment was dominated by sand except few channels where heterogenetic sediment composition was observed. Sediment composition was rarely affected by freshwater discharge during the rainy season; however, organic content in the sediment slightly increased after the rainy season. Macrobenthic species composition differed spatially. For instance, species composition decreased after the rainy season near the barrage. Benthic community analysis revealed three groups, in which the first group was found between barrage and sand bars located at the mouth of estuary, the second group was observed outside the sand bars, and the last group was found in the channel. Opportunistic benthic species indicative of organic pollution, such as Sinocorophium sinensis, Magelona japonica, and Heteromastus filiformis, dominated areas close to the barrage. Organic pollution by freshwater discharge appears to be responsible for the emergence of opportunistic benthic species, and this influenced areas from the mouth of bay to sand bars. Outside the sand bars, freshwater discharge did not seem to have affected species composition.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2001

Minor enterprises can successfully build up their market share plans in a relatively shorter time than compared with major enterprises, which require long time for design developments in their big organization. Therefore, there are some items that are more suitable to the minor enterprises. For example, computer desk may be the one. It must be one of the strategically suitable items of minor enterprises rather than of large enterprises because of their own easy production policies. This paper is based on a research report that I submitted to Gyongsan-Si, Gyongbuk-Do which supported a small company for a special purpose of its provincial economic policy. I took part in the research and suggested five types of characteristic concepts and the ideas. And as a result. the type war accepted as the most appropriate one of them to produce. And the acception was based on the following five factors; consumer's need, productivity, proper price, energy saving, and user' easiness.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2001

The goal of this study is threefold. First, this study explores the historical origin and architectural characteristics of cultural facilities in Japan. For this purpose, I examine various cultural facilities in Japan such as theaters, multi-purpose halls, convertible spaces and cultural centers. Second, this study also sheds a new light on the meaning of the relationships between cultural activity and architecture design in Japan. For this, I primarily look at the various categories of cultural buildings in Japan and their main functions. Finally, I demonstrate how both traditional and modem design elements are embodied in Japanese cultural facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.3 s.35
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• pp.307-318
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• 2005

Cyber crimes caused unpredictable damages by influencing targets with means such as hacking and virus in virtual space. In specific, they transcend time and space because of their anonymity and it is difficult to punish the people who are involved in crimes. To manage such cyber crimes, we need an international cooperative systems beyond difference in legal systems between countries and 'Global Governance' was prepared as a reasonable alternative. These days, governance has been presented as an important concept to explain changed social systems or changed roles of government. It was not just a concept to replace traditional government of a single nation, but to overcome new problems on social actions of humans. So it is expected that it can help prepare reasonable measures through cooperation both in individuals and systems, and public and civil sectors. To countermeasure cyber crimes in terms of global governance, we can prepare general investigation systems and professional human resources through civil and public assistance, and provide a base on which international cooperation systems can be established.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.194-202
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to extract environment-friendly planning elements to apply in Korea by putting together and reclassifying four foreign environment-friendly certification systems related to regeneration spaces - LEED in USA, CASBEE in Japan, BREEAM in England and BEAM in Hong Kong - and analyze and evaluate domestic and foreign spaces which were certified as Environment-friendly spaces in order to offer plan guidelines to raise awareness of the importance of environment-friendly elements in regeneration spaces and to encourage them. The concept and the characteristics of green building were studied through documentary survey. In addition, green certification system of the present domestic new spaces and foreign regeneration spaces was studied and assessment tools for indoor regenerated spaces-related green certification system were developed. With checklists which are developed in this study, level of going green of foreign spaces certified environment-friendly was assessed. Based on the results of this study, conclusions are as follows. As a result of case research of spaces-certified green of Hong-Kong's existing buildings with a developed checklist, application of general assessment part was all alike, but that of detailed assessment part was different. However, Hong Kong showed superiority in lighting energy saving, separate collection of recyclable domestic waste, recycling by-product and management. In addition, Hong Kong applied eco-friendly planning elements maintaining buildings in their condition as possible as it could with management, use of green program, replacement with high efficiency lighting, monitoring system, installation of recycling bins and energy saving by attaching reflective film.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.429-429
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• 2011

우리나라는 연중 강우량의 계절적 편중이 심하여 약 2/3이 6월-9월에 집중하는 기상학적 요인과, 국토의 약 70%가 산악지역으로 되어있는 지형학적 요인 등 홍수에 취약한 자연특성을 갖고 있으며, 특히 하천, 도시 저지대, 해안 및 산지에서는 홍수범람, 내부배제 불량, 해일, 산사태 등으로 매년 많은 인명피해와 재산상의 손실이 크게 발생하고 있다. 또한 최근 발생하고 있는 이상기후 현상과 각종 개발사업으로 인한 불투수면적의 증가 등으로 인해서 극한 홍수의 발생빈도가 높아가고 있으나, 기존 수방시설물의 홍수배제능력 부족 등으로 매년 많은 피해를 입고 있는 실정으로, 구조적인 대책만으로는 재해피해를 경감시키는데 한계가 있음을 인식하여 구조적 대책과 더불어 토지이용규제 및 개발규제, 홍수터관리, 홍수예경보 등 비구조적 재해대 비능력 향상이 시급한 현황이다. 우리나라의 경우, 구조적 수방기술의 발전은 비교적 높은 수준에 도달해 있지만, 구조적 대책에 비해 비구조적 대책의 개발 및 적용은 미흡한 형편이므로, 비구조적 홍수대책의 종합적 정비 및 효율적 운영방법 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 홍수유형별 발생원인별 대표적인 비구조적 홍수대책을 국내외 적용사례를 조사하여 분석하고, 비구조적인 홍수방어대책들에 대한 장단점 및 적용성 등의 정성적 평가를 실시하였다. 국내 여건에 적합한 홍수위험구역 설정방안을 제시하고자, 국내의 다양한 하천공간 확보를 위한 관련규정인 하천구역, 홍수관리구역, 수변구역, 상수원보호구역, 친수구역, 홍수위험구역, 자연재해위험지구, 방재지구 등에 대하여 조사하였으며, 국외 사례로 영국의 홍수위험구역 평가제도, 미국의 홍수터 관리 프로그램, 호주의 하천공간 분류 기준, 일본의 하천공간 설정 기준 등에 대한 고찰을 수행하였다. 또한 국내 홍수보험 제도의 문제점 분석 및 제고방안을 제시하고자, 현재 소방방재청 주관으로 시행되고 있는 풍수해보험제도에 대한 조사 및 분석을 실시하였으며, 미국에서 시행되고 있는 국가홍수보험프로그램, 프랑스의 자연재해보험, 스위스의 자연재해보험풀 제도, 일본의 홍수보험제도에 대하여 심층적인 고찰을 수행하였다.