• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.167-187
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• 2014

While Korean GAAP had detailed regulations for the measurement and disclosure of operating income in the past, K-IFRS did not provide specific rules for operating income until 2011. Some firms that adopted K-IFRS before 2011 did not disclose or calculated operating income in an inconsistent manner although operating income is usually considered as one of the core information items to assess firm valuation. Inconsistency in firms' treatment of operating income invoked much criticism from diverse users of financial statement. The Korean Accounting Institute (KAI hereafter) revised the K-IFRS rules relevant to operating income in September 2010 in response to the voices raised by the business community, whereby the operating income number is allowed to be calculated in conformity with the previous K-GAAP. This study was motivated by the revision of K-IFRS and aims to provide a clue on the validity of such policy decision. To achieve the research objective, we test the relative value relevance of the alternative operating income numbers under K-IFRS versus K-GAAP. Our main findings are as follows. The value relevance of operating income reported before K-IFRS is proved to be higher than after K-IFRS. K-IFRS operating income adjusted to the previous K-GAAP has greater explanatory power for market values relative to one calculated under the K-IFRS regime. In an additional analysis, the sample was decomposed according to whether the operating income under K-IFRS is greater than under K-GAAP. The difference in the value relevance of K-IFRS versus K-GAAP operating income is significant only in the subsample consisting of firms which reports higher operating income under K-IFRS compared to K-GAAP. Also, the firms which would have reported negative operating income on a consecutive basis are more likely to have chosen K-IFRS, resulting in higher numbers than otherwise. It is likely that firms facing the threat of delisting due to consecutive operating loss reporting are more likely to have adopted K-IFRS disclosure rules by which they could report higher operating income numbers. To sum up, these results corroborate the limitation inherent in the K-IFRS regarding operating income disclosures. This paper suggests that the recent revision of K-IFRS implemented by KAI is likely to mitigate some of afore-mentioned limitations effectively.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective awareness of smoker patients about the preparation of smoking cessation plans in an effort to lay the foundation for smoking cessation policy setting. The subjects were the selected patients at a dental clinic. A self-administered survey was conducted to grasp their personal characteristics, and the selected answer sheets from 236 respondents were analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for the extension of existing smoking cessation plans, the largest group (32.6%) preferred smoking cessation education, followed by smoking cessation counseling (28.8%), prescription of an smoking cessation aid (18.6%). 2. Concerning the necessity of a smoking cessation law, the men and the women respectively gave 2.37 and 3.00 to that, and the gender gap was significant. The patients had a significantly different opinion on the necessity of a rise in tobacco price according to their occupation and monthly mean household income, and their took a significantly different view of the necessity of smoking cessation counseling according to their residential area. 3. As a result of analyzing the correlation between their on effective smoking cessation policies and the related variables, all the variables had a statistically significant correlation to each other. 4. As a result of analyzing their opinions on what institution should be in charge of smoking cessation plans, the biggest group answered that dental clinics should be responsible for smoking cessation-aid prescription (50.0%), and the largest group replied that smoking cessation education and smoking cessation counseling should respectively be provided by public dental clinics (37.3%) and dental clinics (44.1%).The above-mentioned findings suggest that the preparation of new smoking cessation measures and the extension of existing smoking cessation plans are urgently required, and that dentists and dental hygienists should make a concerted effort to offer counseling and education to stimulate dental patients to abstain from smoking.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.337-361
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• 2005

This study seeks the implications for the Korean family welfare policies after examining the characteristics of fertility rates and family welfare policies of advanced OECD countries, and comparatively analyzing the fertility rates among clusters of countries having similar family welfare policies. The fertility rates of most advanced OECD countries declined below the population replacement level in the 1970s, and continuously declined slowly after that period. But in the 1990s the fertility rate of some countries increased, on the other hand that of other countries declined. Such a difference of fertility rates suggests that there is some correlation between the fertility rate and the family welfare policy of each country. Advanced countries became concerned about the decline of fertility rate, established the government Population Issues Committee in order to deal with population problems, and increased family welfare supports. But the level and pattern(focusing on maternal employment supports or child-rearing supports) of each country's family welfare policies are differently developed according to its political ideology, cultural and historical background, and economic environments. A comparative assessment of the fertility rate among clusters of countries having similar family welfare policies demonstrates that the higher the level of family welfare supports is and the level of maternal employment supports in comparison with that of maternal child-rearing supports is, the higher of fertility rate is. And a comparative assessment of the fertility rate changes among clusters of countries also shows that the higher the level of family welfare supports is and the level of maternal employment supports in comparison with that of maternal child-rearing supports is, the higher the increase of fertility rate is or the lower the decrease of fertility rate is. The implications for the Korean family welfare policies are summarized as follows. First, it is necessary to establish the government Population Issues Committee which can study systematically fertility rates and population problems, and provide comprehensive population measures. Second, family welfare supports should be expanded through the establishment of family allowances, the prolongation of maternity leave and child-care leave and the upward readjustment of child-care leave benefits, and the extension of public child-care facilities. Third, maternal employment supports such as public child-care facilities and maternity leave should be given more weight than maternal child-rearing supports such as family allowance. Fourth, it is required to prepare social environments which can provide the youth with the hope that child-rearing is not difficult and gives them happiness.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.273-302
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• 2006

The introduction of cash payments for care is a distinct trend that characterizes changes in care policies since the 1990s. Recently, many developed countries have newly introduced or extended cash payments for care that allow care users to be able to plan themselves for their cares instead of receiving direct care services from the state. Cash payments for care can be said to be one of the alternative policies by which user choices are extended, and it becomes possible to establish demand-cantered care delivery systems more economically and effectively, hence addressing the issue of the financial limitations and rigid systems that are common in modern welfare states, which make it difficult to response to various needs. However, the design and administration of cash for care vary across different countries. Such variations of cash for care policies influence on the combination of consumerism (based on liberal market values intrinsic in the care market) and citizenship based on social solidarity. Those variations eventually produce impacts on the balance of responsibilities and the roles of families, the state and market regarding care in other words, balancing of welfare pluralism. This paper has attempted to find general meanings and particularity of cash for care polices in modem welfare states by means of looking at the characteristics of cash for care policies of four different countries (Netherlands, France, Germany and Italy) and their impacts on their care market. If the four countries are ranked by the degree that they emphasize citizenship in light with social rights, the Netherlands, France, Germany and Italy could be placed in due order. From an economic point of view and in terms of cost containment, those countries will be placed in an inverse order, It is apparent that in the course of planting cash for care policies in the existing social systems involving different socio-cultural conditions and labour markets, sometimes more emphasis is placed on the citizenship of care users, family carers and care providers than on cost containment issue, and sometimes vice versa. Behind this lies the process of different social valuation on what care is about; who can better deliver care; who should be responsible for care; how responsibilities should be shared and so on.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.295-312
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• 2006

The use of the national pension funds to welfare has been criticized due to its low profitability, with concern about financial instability and the lack of funds. Despite the small amount of the funds employed to the welfare, therefore, it has been decreasing so far. It is resulted from the fact that the use of funds to the welfare sector failed to provide its valid reasons, and take the policy direction firmly. There are three main logical reasons for the welfare investment of national pension funds: Firstly, no state is capable to take the full responsibility for the entire social welfare, and therefore, the funds can be used for social welfare. Secondly, the funded system, contrasted with the case of pay-as-you-go system, has inevitably caused discriminations to the present elderly through excluding them institutionally from pension participation. At last, so as to its selective system, the minimum contribution period of 10 years brings about the equity problem between the people who can afford it and the people who hardly can. Therefore, investing a proportion of funds to the welfare is entirely reasonable in that it can alleviate the discriminations to the present elderly generation and the marginal participants, rather than to meet their social welfare needs. With regard to the policy decision, the profitability of the investment, and the choice of the welfare work, on the other hand, the policy direction should be given a sufficient consideration of a various policy factors such as the necessity of social consensus, independence of the welfare work in relations with other national welfare work, policy identity to judge whether the work is worth long-run or short-run, and the reliance of direct-operated work and indirect-operated work. As a result of all these efforts above mentioned, an investment to the welfare of the national pension funds could be vitalized, and gain public confidence.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.157-170
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• 2014

Professional coffee shops are trying to increase customers' satisfaction and to invite more customers by providing the differentiated services. The existing researches show that the effects which the physical environment in shops has on customers' satisfaction and word of mouth intention are appealing to people's attention. In comprehensively examining the studies related to the physical environment, they can be summarized into two main perspectives, that is, the direct effect that the physical environment has on customers' satisfaction, quality perception, and other customers' responses (purchase desire, revisit intention, etc.) and the indirect effect that the physical environment has on customers' responses by means of customers' emotion or value perception. This research established 4 hypotheses by sampling 321 customers of those who have visited professional coffee shops, and empirically analyzed them. The empirical analysis carried out the structure analysis of covariance by using SPSS 17.0 statistics package and AMOS 17.0. As a result of the hypothesis qualification, the other hypotheses excluding one little hypothesis were adopted. The one refused hypothesis is that the only symbolism of the environmental elements in shops doesn't influence the customers' emotion positively (+). This is considered as a very unexpected result, and yet many customers who visit coffee shops express the symbols of professional coffee shops using the expressions such as 'bean coffee shop' or 'star coffee shop', but these expressions seem not to influence customers' mind positively in practice.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.75-81
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• 2016

This study focused on exploring real transaction price of apartment and spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the variables that influence real transaction price of apartment from the spatial and temporal perspective. As independent variables that are considered to influence real transaction price of apartment, transport, local characteristics, educational conditions, population, and economic characteristics were taken into account. Accordingly, the influence of independent variables and spatial distribution pattern were analyzed from the global and local aspects. The spatial and temporal changing patterns of real transaction price of apartment which is a dependent variable were analyzed. First, to establish an analysis model, OLS analysis and GWR analysis were conducted, and thereby more efficient and proper model was selected. Secondly, to find spatial and temporal heterogeneity of independent variables with the use of the selected GWR model, Local $R^2$ was used for local analysis. Thirdly, to look into spatial distribution of independent variables, kriging analysis was carried out. Therefore, based on the results, it is considered that it is possible to carry out more microscopic housing submarket analysis and lay the foundation for establishing a policy on real property.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.321-330
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• 2020

The defense industry has recently been focused on boosting exports of weapon systems. Investigation and selection of promising export items for SMEs in the defense industry is essential to establish a defense promotion policy. This study presents a model for selecting promising export items applicable to the defense industry through case studies, such as criteria for selecting promising items from other organizations. The evaluation index is largely composed of three categories, competitiveness of the item itself, capabilities of the exporter, and ripple effect of the export, and consists of eight detailed evaluation indicators. The relative weight between categories was calculated through the AHP method. In the selection model, if a certain score is exceeded, it is then possible to adopt a promising item or verify validity. In particular, promising items were selected by applying this methodology to those involved in the defense industry. Using the model presented in this study, it is expected that domestic small and medium-sized enterprises with relatively high export competitiveness and excellent quality items will be given priority, and more effective and intensive export support will be possible.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.215-240
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• 2013

This research has reviewed the major composition concepts and the positive research results in the selected studies which were theoretically based on IDT (Innovation Diffusion Theory), IRM (Model of Innovation Resistance), TAM(Technology Acceptance Model), and IAPA(Information Asset Protection Activity) in order to improve the theoretical explanation of major characterized factors influencing on the introduction of MST (Mobile Security Technology). The characterized factors for the adaptation of MST and 17 hypotheses on the MST study models in order to test the effects on the intention to use are empirically verified by utilizing the analysis method of structure equation model. As a result of a study, First, the most influential characterized factors of IRM are shown as compatibility, complexity, relative advantage, information asset protection in order. Second, the characterized factors affecting intention to use are shown as relative advantage, compatibility, innovation resistance, performance expectancy. The results of this study are relevantly significant to establish the theoretical foundation of the study on the adaptation of MST and The verification of the characterized factors provide strategic implication for the introduction of MST and policy direction which alleviates informational gap between new MST and previous Security Technology to diffusion agency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.651-656
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• 2014

Corrosion has a significant influence upon the reliability assessment and the maintenance planning of gas pipeline. Corrosion defects occurred on the underground pipeline can be obtained by conducting periodic in-line inspection (ILI). However, little study has been done for practical use of ILI data. This paper deals with remaining lifetime prediction of the gas pipeline in the presence of corrosion defects. Because a pipeline parameter includes uncertainty in its operation, a probabilistic approach is adopted in this paper. A pipeline fails when its operating pressure is larger than the pipe failure pressure. In order to estimate the failure probability, this paper uses First Order Reliability Method (FORM) which is popular in the field of structural engineering. A well-known Battelle code is chosen as the computational model for the pipe failure pressure. This paper develops a Matlab GUI for illustrating failure probability predictions Our result indicates that clustering of corrosion defects is helpful for improving a prediction accuracy and preventing an unnecessary maintenance.