• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2011

홍수로 인한 인적 물적 피해는 국가 및 지방자치단체의 치수방재노력에도 불구하고 매년 끊이지 않고 발생하고 있다. 다행히 인명피해의 경우 1970, 80년대 연간 300명 규모에서 2000년대에는 150명 가량으로 줄고 있으나, 재산상의 피해는 매년 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 과거 자연재난에 의한 홍수피해에 기후변화라는 외부요인이 추가적으로 발생하고 있는 실정이며, 국가 경제 발전 및 노령화 사회로 인한 홍수취약인구 증가로 좀 더 적극적인 방재대책이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 방재대책 등의 국가정책 수립을 위해서는 장래의 홍수피해 예측이 무엇보다 필요하게 되는데, 현재까지는 홍수피해의 빈도분석 등을 통해 이러한 예측이 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 기후변화라는 외생변수는 과거 자료의 확률적 특성을 마비시켜 이러한 방법론들은 효용성을 잃게될 것으로 전망된다. 홍수피해액을 산정하는 방법은 일반적으로 2005년 이후 하천설계기준에서 채택하고 있는 다차원법을 많이 사용하고 있는데, 이 방법은 침수구역의 물리적 피해를 고려할 수 있어 비교적 정확한 홍수피해액을 산정할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 그러나 이 방법을 적용하기 위해서는 정확한 침수심 산정이 무엇보다 필요하게 되는데, 이를 위해서는 지리정보체계(GIS)와 수리모형의 연계가 필수적이다. 따라서 이 방법은 주로 중소유역단위의 취수사업에 적용되어 왔다. 그러나 정책결정에 필요한 대규모유역 또는 지자체단위의 피해비용 산정에의 적용은 한계를 갖게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 향후 기후변화 시나리오에 적용이 가능하도록 과거 홍수피해자료와 호우사상의 강우특성을 중심으로 양자간의 히스토그램 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 실제 홍수피해 조사자료는 대부분 지방자치단체별로 조사가 되고 있는 실정이므로 본 연구에서도 행정구역별로 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 지자체별 전체 피해액은 발생횟수가 높은 중규모 호우사상으로 인한 비중이 가장 높게 나타나고 있으며, 국가에서 집중해야할 치수대책 수립 대상 규모도 이를 중점적으로 고려하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.660-672
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• 2007

Today venture holds highly skilled technical manpower and high-tech products. To maintain the superiority in competition in the market, it is necessary to complete preparations, first of all, the effectual global marketing strategy should take precedence over the others. Therefore, this research is based on the research report of the special feature, the state of affairs and marketing strategy of venture business and is made up the questionnaire to interview total 200 companies of venture that was registered in Dec. 2006 and then is made the analysis of relevance of the statistical data of 154 companies of them and set up a hypothesis. As the result of it, it is set up two hypotheses. One of them is the difference of products, price, distribution and promotion according to the growth period. And the other is the difference of distribution and promotion according to the turnover. The venture places the great deal of weight on the discriminatory products concerned technical development and marketing activity. It is pointed out that it is to be passive to seek a new market promote the products, because of limitations of manpower, funds, technology and information in the beginning with smalt turnover.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.450-453
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• 2001

It is requested interoperability and inter-connection among technologies due to inertia and network externalities in the telecommunications industry. for that reason, firms in the telecommunications industry compete intensively against preempting their markets. Consumers' utilties can be increased, but searching or transaction cost of consumers may be decreased by standardization which is the core issue in the telecommunications. Also, standardization may prevent firms in that industry from overplus investment. However standardization may decrease the diversity of goods and technologies, so it can be the constraint factor in the consumption. In this paper, we'll examin the economic effects of standardization in the telecommunication industry and the effects to the industrial structure of standardization. After that, we'll suggest national policies in relation to standardization.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.5-18
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• 2010

In this article, we try to study the relationship among quality management activities, employee trusts, and employee satisfactions in small venture companies in Korea. Based on the previous studies, we build a couple of hypotheses about communication, process management, business policies, innovative changes, employee trust and employee satisfaction. From our empirical study, we find that communication and innovative changes have an positive effect on employee trust. Also, employee satisfaction is positively influenced by employee trust. Our study provides the following implications for organization management. First, for employee satisfaction, in an organization, it is very important to build employee trusts among higher managements, firms, business processes, evaluations, and employees. Second, in order to build employee trusts, our study shows that improving communications among employees and customers and having continuous innovative changes such as improving current business processes, problem solving, establishing standards and maintaing high productions are important.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.95-118
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• 2015

The 2015 Agreement, an initial architect of the Post-2020 Regime, is expected to be adopted at the twenty-first session of the Conference of Parties to be held in Paris in 2015. We discussed key characteristics of the Post-2020 Regime and applications of differentiation which is most contentious issue in the Post-2020 negotiation. In the Post-2020 Regime, automatic ambition increases of Parties could be accomplished through applications of the circular nature of Intented Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) as well as the progression of mitigation efforts. In terms of differentiation, it would be better to advocate a new method to applying differentiation in the Post-2020 Regime taking into account our own national circumstances. Specifically, promotion of self-differentiation which fits nearly with the philosophy of INDC could be an alternative. In order to promote self-differentiation, rules to apply self-differentiation needs to be devised, and the purpose of such rules should be the ambition increase.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.60-74
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• 2013

The discourses of creative city have been developed as a development and rehabilitation policy or plan in the contexts of globalization or deindustrialization society mainly progressed by Western capitalist nations, and there are a variety of effects due to the implementation of creative city in different national and local conditions. Many nations or cities have adapted and practiced the idea of creative city as a policy of development or rehabilitation without its critical examination. The purpose of this study is to make a conceptual framework of newly interpreting creative city, particularly focused on creative industry and class. The framework of creative city as a becoming locality consists of culture and art, creative actor and place continuously interacting, and it will take an active role to solve a variety of problems in the cities or regions due to globalization or deindustrialization. Creative city as a becoming locality should be developed in a close relation with the real situations in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2019

This study analyzed the relevance between investment horizons of foreign investors and Book-Tax Difference. To do this, we measured investment horizons of foreign investors as the investment-turnover of foreign investors. We use the sample of 3,025 firm-year Korea listed companies belonging to non-financial corporate sector during 2011-2016. The results of empirical analyses show that investment horizons of foreign investors has a negative relevance with Book-Tax Difference. This result indicates that the firm have a long-term foreign investors has a good Accounting Earning's Quality than the firm have a short-term foreign investors. This study is expected to provide useful information by suggesting the need for more incentive for the long-term foreign investors. And Our Study has a contribution that this study extended prior research on foreign investors by utilizing investment horizons of foreign investors.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.143-152
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• 2021

It is very important to learn behavioral policies that allow multiple agents to work together organically for common goals in various real-world applications. In this multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) environment, most existing studies have adopted centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) methods as in effect standard frameworks. However, this multi-agent reinforcement learning method is difficult to effectively cope with in a dynamic environment in which new environmental changes that are not experienced during training time may constantly occur in real life situations. In order to effectively cope with this dynamic environment, this paper proposes a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning system, C-COMA. C-COMA is a continual learning model that assumes actual situations from the beginning and continuously learns the cooperative behavior policies of agents without dividing the training time and execution time of the agents separately. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness and excellence of the proposed model C-COMA by implementing a dynamic mini-game based on Starcraft II, a representative real-time strategy game, and conducting various experiments using this environment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.177-186
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• 2021

This study examined the effects of the firm characteristics of the manufacturing industry on the female employment ratio. Three hypotheses regarding female employment ratio, were tested for 5,729 firms that could use financial data among the firms listed on the KOSPI from 2011 to 2019, in terms firm size, listing period, and foreign ownership. Follwing the analyses, three hypotheses were mostly adopted. It was found that as the size firm and foreign ownership ratio increased, the female employment ratio increased in the number of regular and permanent contract employees, fixed-term employees, and total employees. As for the listing period, the higher the value, the lower the female employment ratio in the number of regular and permanent contract employees, fixed-term employees, and total employees. These research results may be used as basic data for gender equal employment policies such as Affirmative Atcion for Gender Equal Employment.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.119-145
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• 2018

Celebrating its $50^{th}$ anniversary in 2017, the leaders of ASEAN member sates have adopted a series of declarations and action plans for enhancing its institutional capability and functional cooperation. ASEAN's convening power is expected to underpin its centrality and resilience. Meanwhile, ASEAN's retreat from democracy has increasingly become a hindrance for its further development. This article reviews the process of ASEAN's community building and its external relations. First, it argues that there is increasing concerns over ASEAN's limited capability in dealing with regional issues mainly caused by the deprivation of human rights and the democracy in crisis. Second, this article considers the dynamics of ASEAN's external relations mainly focusing on its relations with China, the United States, and South Korea. The South China Sea issue and China's increasing economic influence in the region have contributed to the complexity of ASEAN-China relations. The ASEAN's responses to the shift in American foreign policy under the Trump administration posits the unity of ASEAN. The New Southern Policy initiated by South Korean President, Moon Jae-in appears to be a new focal point of Korea-ASEAN relations despite considerable challenges, which requires to maintain ASEAN centrality.