• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

Because cleaning products are part of our everyday lives, it is essential that they should not present significant risks to health. However, many petrochemicals in most soaps and detergents can be absorbed through the scalp and skin and, over time, accumulate in the organs and tissues. This accumulation may result in brain, nerve, and liver damage. Therefore, it is interested in developing non-harmful detergent. According to Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, GC-100X may be non-harmful and non-corrosive alkaline ionic water (pH 12). It is composed of hydroxyl radicals and supplemented with xylitol. To evaluate influence of GC-100X on rats and beagles, GC-100X was diluted with distilled water (25%, 50%, and 100% solution respectively). Each of diluted GC-100X was daily treated per oral. In body weight analysis, urinary analysis, ophthalmological test and autopsy, we did not find any significance, but in serum biochemical analysis and hematological analysis, we found some significances in middle dose group compared with control group. These significances in serum biochemical analysis and hematological analysis may be not induced by GC-100X, because it was not found to be significant from control group in histopathological examination. Thus, it is concluded that NOEL(No Observed Effect Level) of GC-100X may be higher than all treatment doses used in this study, and GC-100X may be a non-toxic detergent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.973-977
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• 2013

These studies were attempted to investigate the change of microbial community of anode of microbial fuel cell using swine wastewater in the enrichment step with the lapse of time. Microbial fuel cells enriched by a 1 : 1 mixture of anaerobic digestive juices of the sewage treatment plant and livestock wastewater. Enrichment culture step was divided into three stages to indentify the microorganisms. It was separated by each lag phase, exponential phase, and stationary phase. These steps were determined by the change of the current value. The current after enrichment was generated about $0.84{\pm}0.06mA$. We were cut out the different 17 bands in the DGGE fingerprint gel to do sequencing. The bands which the concentration was increasing or newly appearing with the lapse of time were included for this study. In the lag and exponential phase, Clostridium, Rhodocyclaceae, Bacteriodetes, and Uncultured bacterium etc. were detected. There were in the stationary phase Geobacter sp., Rhodocyclaceae, Candidatus, Nitrospira, Flavobactriaceae and uncultured bacterium etc. Geobactor among microorganisms detected in this study is known as the Electrochemically active microorganisms. It may include electrochemically active microorganisms to be considered as electrical activity microorganisms.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

Food safety management should be based on scientific evidences. FAO and WHO presented risk analysis as one of four principles in food safety management. WTO also admits the self safety regulation only when it is made on the basis of risk assessment. Without scientific analysis, tracing and eliminating the cause of food poisoning is impossible. Research and development plays a key role to produce scientific evidences. The Korean government ran over 40 programs in 11 agencies from 2008 to 2010. However, there is no statistics on food safety R&D at present. In this research, food safety projects conducted from 2008 to 2010 are listed up by means of analysing National Science and Technology Information Service (NTIS). The analytical criteria are the name of programs, national standard classification of science and technology, and keywords. As result, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and Rural Development Administration play major role in the food safety R&D. The portion of more than one year projects should rise up in order to achieve the data for risk assessment, which is strongly required to improve. Besides, the research should be deeper so as to publish more SCI papers. The R&D portfolio should be changed in direction to raise up the portion of biological hazards such as norovirus. In order to do so, a large number of food safety programs should be emerged. The categories of food safety management and the hygiene/quality management of the agricultural and livestock products in the national standard classification of science and technology should be emerged because they are set up reflecting agencies' interests in spite of few differences between them.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2018

Niemann Pick type C disease (NPC) is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder, due to defects of intracellular lipid trafficking and storage. Hepatosplenomegaly may prevail, while progressive neurodegenerative symptoms such as cerebellar involvement, dystonia, vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, cataplexy, and eventually seizures starting at juvenile or late infantile period may accompany after normal early development. Here we describe a 3-year-old Korean boy with NPC who presented with splenomegaly at age 3. Liver biopsy showed characteristic foamy cell stained by periodic acid-schiff, and molecular analysis for NPC1 identified the compound heterozygous mutations, novel mutation of c.1631G>A (p.Trp544Ter) and c.2662C>T (p. Pro888Ser) as a known mutation. Filipin was strongly stained with unesterified cellular cholesterol in the patient's skin fibroblasts. The patient has received migulstat since age 3 years and his long-term outcome is needed to be observed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.644-647
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• 2006

The indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin films were deposited using a radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering method. Among the various processing variables, $O_{2}$ concentration and annealing temperature after deposition were selected and the optical, electrical, and structural properties of IZO thin films were investigated. As the $O_{2}$ concentration increased, the deposition rate of IZO thin films decreased, the resistivity increased and the transmittance slightly increased. According to atomic force microscopy analysis, the IZO films deposited at pure Ar showed rough surface and those deposited with $O_{2}$ addition exhibited relatively smooth surface. The IZO thin films deposited at pure Ar were annealed at 250, 350, and $450^{\circ}C$, respectively. The IZO thin film deposited at pure Ar showed the lowest transmittance and resistivity and resistivity greatly increased at the annealing temperature exceeding $250^{\circ}C$. The higher annealing temperature IZO films were annealed at, the smoother surface the films showed. The x-ray diffraction revealed that IZO films annealed at higher temperature had better crystalline structures.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2007

The etching of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films has been studied using a high density plasma in a $Cl_2/Ar$ gas. The etch characteristics of ZnO thin films were systematically investigated on varying $Cl_2$ concentration, coil rf power, dc-bias voltage, and gas pressure. With increasing $Cl_2$ concentration, the etch rate of ZnO thin film increased, the redeposition around the etched patterns decreased but the sidewall slope of the etched patterns slanted. As the coil rf power and dc-bias voltage increased, the etch rates of ZnO thin films increased and etch profiles of ZnO thin films were improved. With increasing gas pressure, the etch rate of ZnO thin films slightly increased but little change in etch profile was observed. Based on these results, the optimal etching conditions of ZnO thin film were selected. Finally, the etching of ZnO thin films with a high degree of anisotropy of approximately $75^{\circ}{\sim}80^{\circ}$ without the redepositions and residues was successfully achieved at the etching conditions of 20% $Cl_2$ concentration, coil rf power of 1000 W, dc-bias voltage of 400 V, and gas pressure of 5 mTorr.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 2012

CdS thin films have been widely used as a buffer layer of CIGS semiconductor solar cells to reduce the lattice mismatch between transparent electrode and absorber layer. In order to prepare the CdS films with high transparency and low resistivity, they were deposited by varying Cd concentration with the constant S concentration in the solution using chemical bath deposition method. They were analyzed in terms of structural, optical and electrical properties of CdS films according to the $[S^{2-}]/[Cd^{2+}]$ ratio. In the case of Cd concentration higher than S concectration, CdS thin films were formed mainly by cluster- by-cluster formation due to the homogeneous reaction between Cd and S in the solution. Therefore the grain size increased and the transmittance decreased. On the other hand, in the case of Cd concentration lower than S concentration, CdS films were formed by heterogeneous reaction on the substrate rather than in the solution. The CdS films have the grains with the uniform circular shape of a few hundreds ${\AA}$. As the Cd concentration increased in the solution, the $[S^{2-}]/[Cd^{2+}]$ ratio decreased and the resistivity decreased by the increase in the carrier concentration due to the formation S vacancy by the excess Cd.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.471-475
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• 2006

$VO_x$ thin films with the thickness of 450 nm were prepared on a $Pt/Ti/SiO_{2}/Si$ substrate at room temperature by a reactive radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering method. The deposition rates of $VO_x$ thin films were investigated as a function of $O_{2}$ concentration and rf power. As the $O_{2}$ concentration in a $O_{2}/Ar$ mixture increased, the deposition rate decreased. However, the deposition rate increased with increasing rf power. The deposited $VO_x$ thin films were annealed at $450^{\circ}C$ for 2, 4, and 6 h in $O_{2}$ and $N_{2}$ ambient. After annealing, the phase changes of $VO_x$ thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis. The plane and cross-sectional views of $VO_x$ thin films before and after annealing were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The metal-insulator transition (MIT) properties of $VO_x$ thin films were measured using current-voltage measurement. The excellent MIT properties were observed in $VO_x$ thin films annealed in $O_{2}$ ambient.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1603-1610
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• 2010

Fucoidans are sulfated fucosylated polymers from the cell wall of brown algae. We assessed the effects of Fucus evanescens fucoidan on ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) protein, mRNA, and promoter, and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in vitro using an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line. Pretreatment with 10 and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ fucoidan significantly inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 protein, mRNA and promoter activity, compared to UVB irradiation alone. Extracellular signal regulated kinase activation was markedly inhibited by treatment with fucoidan, though c-JUN N-terminal kinase activity and p38 activation were only marginally affected by fucoidan. F. evanescens fucoidan may be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.389-393
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• 2014

Medical records of 48 pet ferrets that underwent adrenalectomy were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the frequency and clinical outcomes of adrenal diseases in pet ferrets. These diseases were most commonly diagnosed in ferrets aged 3 to 5 years and in neutered females (58.3%). Adrenal disease occurred most frequently in the left adrenal gland (72.9%), followed by involvement of both adrenal glands (16.7%) and the right adrenal gland (10.4%). The mean sizes (length * thickness) of the adrenal glands as determined by ultrasonography were 8.96 * 5.08 mm and 12.91 * 8.26 mm for the left and right adrenal glands, respectively. In the ferrets with adrenal disease, alopecia (82.2%) was the main presenting clinical signs in both sexes, and vulvar swelling was seen in 32.1% of the females with adrenal disease. The common incidental findings included renal cysts (29.2%) and splenomegaly (25.0%). Histological findings showed pheochromocytoma, adenoma, and hyperplasia in 44.7%, 14.9%, and 12.8% of cases, respectively. The survival rates at 1- and 2- years after surgery were 87.5% and 74.0%, respectively. Alopecia and vulvar swelling improved within an average of 3.4 months and 12 days after surgery.