• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.110-119
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• 2012

The Plan and equipment of vertical lifting are very important in high-rise building construction site, and unmanned lifts usage is increasing for financial and efficient reason. However if lift stop position error occur, It can be accumulated. And the lift can not be available during an engineer fix the problem. So loss of time and cost will occur when lifts have problems. This paper reports an improved lift stop position sensing device for preventing loss of time and cost from lift stop position error. The result of tests showed that the system has a correction function of lift stop position error, and the accuracy of device which was developed in this paper was about 9.75mm better than existing equipment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 2008

Background: Protection of the brain is a major concern during thoracic aortic surgery using hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). This study compares the surgical outcomes of two different cerebral protection methods in thoracic aortic surgery using HCA: retrograde cerebral protection (RCP) and antegrade cerebral protection (ACP). Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed data on 146 patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery from May 1995 to February 2007 using either RCP (114 patients, Group 1) or ACP (32 patients, Group 2) during HCA. There were 104 dissections (94 acute and 10 chronic) and 42 aneurysms (41 true aneurysms and 1 pseudoaneurysm), and all patients underwent ascending aortic replacement. There were 33 cases of hemiarch replacement, 5 of partial arch replacement, and 21 of total arch replacement. Result: The two groups were similar in preoperative and operative characteristics, but Group 2 had more elderly (over 70 years old) patients (34.4% vs. 10.5%), more coronary artery diseases (18.8% vs. 4.4%), more total arch replacements (46.9% vs. 5.3%) and longer HCA time ($50{\pm}24$ minutes vs. $32{\pm}17$ minutes) than Group 1. The operative mortality was 4.4% (5/114) and 3.1% (1/32), the incidence of permanent neurologic deficits was 5.3% (6/114) and 3.1% (1/32), and the incidence of temporary neurologic deficits was 1.8% (2/114) and 9.4% (3/32) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in operative mortality, postoperative bleeding, or neurologic deficits (permanent and temporary). Conclusion: The early outcomes of aortic surgery using HCA were favorable and showed no statistical difference between RCP and ACP. However, the ACP patients endured longer HCA times and more extended arch surgeries. ACP is the preferred brain protection technique when longer HCA time is expected or extended arch replacement is needed.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2020

Dozer is an expensive construction equipment and has a significant performance impact on earthwork performance. A machine guidance system has been applied to dozer equipment as a solution that can improve the performance. The system can provide earthwork-related information to equipment operators so that earthworks can be carried out with minimum support from surveyors. Construction Equipment Machine guidance has the function of supporting earthwork according to an earthwork plan by providing excavation-related information to machine operators. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance improvement of a machine guidance system for an dozer earthwork operation, and to compare the machine guidance method with the traditional method. The performance has been evaluated in two folds: 1) productivity and 2) accuracy. The productivity shows the quantity of earthwork for a given unit time. The accuracy shows the deviation of grading level from the designed level on the construction drawing for earthwork. The machine guidance system has been applied to a testing bed in a construction site. Data comparison analysis showed that the earth earthwork had 46.59% improvement in productivity as well as 46.96% improvement in accuracy, and is expected to provide a tool for applying smart constrction to the earthwork operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.465-471
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• 2001

Background: Hypothermia protects the brain by suppressing the cerebral metabolism and it is performed well enough before the total circulatory arrest(TCA) in the operation of aortic disease. Generally, TCA has been performed depending on the rectal or nasopharyngeal temperatures; however, there is no definite range of optimal temperature for TCA or an objective indicator determining the temperature for safe TCA. In this study, we tried to determine the optimal range of temperature for safe hypothermic circulatory arrest by using the intraoperative electroencephalogram(EEG), and studied the role of EEG as an indicator of optimal hypothermia. Material and Method: Between March, 1999 and August 31, 2000, 27 patients underwent graft replacement of the part of thoracic aorta using hypothermia and TCA with intraoperative EEG. The rectal and nasopharyngeal temperatures were monitored continuously from the time of anesthetic induction and the EEG was recorded with a ten-channel portable electroencephalography from the time of anesthetic induction to electrocerebral silence(ECS). Result: On ECS, the rectal and nasopharyngeal temperatures were not consistent but variable(rectal 11$^{\circ}C$ -$25^{\circ}C$, nasopharynx 7.7$^{\circ}C$ -23$^{\circ}C$). The correlation between two temperatures was not significant(p=0.171). The cooling time from the start of cardiopulmonary bypass to ECS was also variable(25-127min), but correlated with the body surface area(p=0.027). Conclusion: We have found that ECS appeared at various body temperatures, and thus, the use of rectal or nasopharyngeal temperature were not useful in identifying ECS. Conclusively, we can not fully assure cerebral protection during hypothermic circulatory arrest in regards to the body temperatures, and therefore, the intraoperative EEG is one of the necessary methods for determining the range of optimal hypothermia for safe circulatory arrest. :

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.33-44
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• 2024

Chungbuk has various regional characteristics in terms of population composition by region, industrial facilities, and distribution of emergency medical institutions. However, there are no studies yet that have analyzed regional characteristic factors related to the occurrence characteristics of cardiac arrest patients. Therefore, this study provided basic data to establish a response system for OHCA patients suitable for the characteristics of the Chungcheongbuk-do region by analyzing the characteristics of OHCA patients and the transfer status of 119 paramedics in Chungcheongbuk-do. This study is a retrospective study that analyzed 1,188 cardiac arrest patients transferred by ambulance based on raw data from the survey on acute cardiac arrest in Chungbuk (2020). There are a total of 11 emergency medical institutions in Chungbuk-do, which are concentrated in city-level areas, so the transfer time of patients to hospitals in county-level areas was delayed. In the county-level area, the frequency of dispatch of special paramedics was relatively small, and the frequency of administration of cardiac arrest drugs to help resuscitate cardiac arrest patients was also low. In conclusion, efforts should be made to improve accessibility of emergency medical services (deployment of emergency vehicles in marginal areas, proper placement of emergency medical institutions, etc.), to promote prevention of traumatic cardiac arrest patients, and to expand the scope of work to strengthen the first aid expertise of paramedics.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is how to occur the temporality in Digital Gameplay. There is two types of time in Gameplay. One is Irreversibility time that goes passed through a game world like a chronology order. Another is Reversibility time that returns and renews the time. The time's duality is caused by player's intervene and experience. And the polychronic temporality in gameplay makes the rhythm as replay and eternal cyclic time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.4005-4011
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• 2010

This study investigates the effect on automobile traffic flow of the bike lane configuration via the road diet implemented in Nam-Gu, Busan using the microscopic simulator TransModeler. The results show that the increases in average delay time and stopped time experienced by automobile vehicles after implementing the road diet during the peak period are significant, but those during the non-peak period are insignificant at alpha=0.1. The results in peak period are consistent with the results of the past studies, which concluded that a road diet can contribute to deteriorating the level of service when the automobile traffic flow rate on the existing roadway is relatively high. For the non-peak period, the analysis results may reflect the fact that the automobile traffic flow is not severly affected by the road diet due to the reserved capacity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.553-559
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• 1998

Introduction: The most dramatic application of hypothermia in cardiac surgery is in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA). Because man in natural circumstances is never exposed to this extreme hypothermic condition, one of the controversial aspects of clinical hypothermia is appropriate acid-base management($\alpha$-stat versus pH-stat). This study aims to compare $\alpha$-stat with pH-stat for: (1) brain cooling and re-warming speed during hypothermia induction and re-warming by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); (2) cerebral perfusion, metabolism, and their coupling; and (3) the extent of development of cerebral edema after circulatory arrest, in young pigs. Materials & Methods: Fourteen young pigs were assigned to one of two strategies of gas manipulation. Cerebral blood flow was measured with a cerebral venous outflow technique. After a median sternotomy, CPB was established. Core cooling was initiated and continued until nasopHaryngeal temperature fell below $20^{\circ}C$. The flow rate was set at 2,500 ml/min. Once their temperatures were below $20^{\circ}C$, the animals were subjected to DHCA for 40 mins. During cooling, acid-base balance was maintained according to either $\alpha$-STAT or pH-STAT strategies. After DHCA, the body was re-warmed to normal body temperature. The animals were then sacrificed, and their brains measured for edema. Cerebral perfusion and metabolism were measured before the onset of CPB, before cooling, before DHCA, 15 mins after re-warming, and upon completion of re-warming. Results & Conclusion: Cooling time was significantly shorter with $\alpha$-stat than with pH-stat strategy, while there were no significant differences in rewarming time between the two groups. Nosignificant differences were found in cerebral blood flow, metabolic rate, or flow/ metabolic rate ratio between two groups. Temperature-related differences were significant in cerebral blood flow, metabolic rate, and flow/metabolic rate ratio within each group. Brain water content showed no significant differences between two groups.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06e
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• pp.278-281
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 자연음성으로부터 통계적인 방법으로 일반적인 음성합성 규칙을 생성하기 위해, 남녀 각각 1명이 200문장에 대해 발성한 문음성 데이터를 음운 세그먼트, 음운 라벨링, 음운별 품사 태깅, 문법 정보 태깅하여 음성 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 이 음성 데이터베이스로부터 휴지지속시간을 분석하여 긴 휴지와 짧은 휴지로 분류하였고, 이러한 휴지가 어느 경우에 나타나는가를 조사하였다. 음운지속시간을 보다 정교하게 예측하기 위하여, 각 음운의 고유 지속시간의 영향을 배제시킨 정규화 지속시간에 대해 2가지 class(장, 단)의 휴지시간을 고려한 회귀트리로 음운지속시간을 모델화하였다. 제안된 모델의 평가 결과 예측치와 관측치 간의 다중 상관 계수는 남성은 0.82, 여성은 0.84 정도로 평가되었다.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1322-1331
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• 2015

According to the hypervisor scheduler, the vCPU (virtual CPU) operates under two states: the running state and the stop state. When the vCPU is in the stop state, incoming events are delayed until that vCPU's state changes to the running state. The latency in handling such events that are sent to the vCPU is regarded as the I/O latency. Since a SMP (symmetric multiprocessing) VM (virtual machine) incorporates multiple vCPUs, the event latency on a SMP VM can vary according to specific vCPU that receives the event. In this paper, we propose a new scheme named event routing that sends events according to the operation state of each vCPU to reduce the event latency on an SMP VM. We implemented the proposed event routing scheme in Xen ARM hypervisor and confirmed the reduction of I/O latency from measuring the network RTT (round trip time) and the TCP bandwidth under a variety of testing conditions. The network RTT decreases by up to 94% and the TCP bandwidth increases up to 35% when compare to native Xen ARM.