• Resources Recycling
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 1999

An experimental study for manufacturing lightweight aggregates from sewage sludge ash of sewage treatment facilities was carned out in senses of sludge disposal and utilization. In case of SA alone, aggregates with S.G. 1.67 was obtained at sintering temperature of $1250^{\circ}C$, and heating rate affects little to volume expansion rate and volume expansion rate was decreased more or less by heating time. In case of adding 10 wt% of RFCC to SA, lightweight aggregates with S.G. 1.07 was obtained and volume expansion rate was increased by heating time. The optimum adding amounts of RFCC to manufacture lightweight aggregates was 10wt% and the condition that shows maximum volume expansion rate was $20^{\circ}C/min$ of heating rate, $1250^{\circ}C$ of sintering temperature and 50 mmutes of heating time. According to adding amounts of RFCC, Compressive strength of sample results in 30 wt% RFCC>SA>20 wt% RFCC>10 wt% RFCC.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.942-949
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• 2012

In order to ensure the safety of the large-scale public facilities, the analysis of EMC(ElectroMagnetic Compatibility) of electronic systems included in the facilities is very necessary. The reason is that the system-level EMC of the facility could be not guaranteed, even if individual equipments included in the facility are satisfied with their EMC requirements. As a result, the system-level evaluation and analysis of EMC should be carried out in order to establish the reliable operations of safety and mission-critical electronic systems. This paper analyze the relevant legal systems of domestic and other countries, and furthermore case studies of system-level EMC approaches were analyzed in the specific applications of electric railways, building, automobile, petroleum refinery systems. And the introduction of related systems in Korea is proposed, and main parts and problems to be looked at each proposed measures are discussed. The results are expected to be utilized in the introduction of the system-level EMC engineering, and contributed in national security and the protection of people's life, body and their properties.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1992

The $\alpha$-FeOOH powders were prepared by allkaline and acidic method on the small scale plant from the waste pickling liquor of iron. $\alpha$-FeOOH, $\alpha-Fe_2O_3$, $Fe_3O_4$ and ${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3$ powders were examined by TEM, SEM, TG-DTA, X-ray diffraction, VSM and chemical analysis. The results obtained from the experiment could be summerized as follows : the reaction time for the preparation of $\alpha$-FeOOH was observed to be smaller in the case of alkaline method and the products was acicular with the size of about $0.5\mu\textrm{m}$. The color of $\alpha-FeOOH and $\alpha-Fe_2O_3$was lovely yellow and red, respectively. The magnetic properties of $Fe_3O_4$ obtained by the reduction of $\alpha-Fe_2O_3$in the $H_2$ atomosphere at $370^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour showed 367(Oe) and 82.7(emu/g).

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 2021

The petroleum refinery industry handles a variety of complex chemical substances and employs a large number of people around the world. According to previous research, diseases caused by exposure to chemicals were quite common among workers in refineries until the 1980s. More recently, it is unusual for oil refinery workers to suffer from these serious diseases. The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence level of general diseases and any differences in lifestyle habits of workers in refineries in Korea compared with the general population. In this study, we used the results of health examinations from 2014 for workers at a large oil refinery in South Korea. In addition, based on the results of KNHANES from 2014 as representative of the population, hypertension, diabetes, anemia, hyperlipidemia, liver function abnormality, and kidney function abnormality were calculated using the standardized incidence rate. Hypertension showed a low result with an SIR of less than 1, but a high result in the case of abnormal liver function. The workers' occurrence rates of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, kidney dysfunction, and anemia were lower than those of ordinary salaried employees. however, their occurrence rate for abnormal liver function was markedly higher. In lifestyle habits, the smoking rate of workers was low while the alcohol consumption rate was quite high. This study has improved the understanding of the health status of workers in a large oil refinery in Korea, and has shown the impact of lifestyle habits related to the work environment on chronic diseases.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2022

Wastewater from refineries and petroleum plant lead to severe environmental pollution. There are various existing processes applied for oily water treatment, but membrane-based technology is one of the most efficient methods. Polymeric membranes prepared from organic materials for the separation of oil in water often face chronic problem of membrane fouling. Inorganic membranes are considered to be more efficient due to longer lifetime than organic membranes. Zeolite membranes have better chemical stability and long-term recyclability. The presence of hydrophilicity enhances the water flux of membrane. Ceramic membranes prepared from zeolites are another efficient class of inorganic membranes applied for oil water separation. This review is focused on oily wastewater separation based on zeolite membrane which classified into two categories, i) neat zeolite and ii) zeolite composites with other materials.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2003

With the 1 ton/day-class entrained-bed gasification system, heavy residual oil from local refinery was gasified at the operating conditions of 1,000~1,20$0^{\circ}C$ and 3 $kg_f$/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in order to determine the variation of syngas composition, carbon conversion, and cold gas efficiency. Produced syngas consists of mainly CO, H$_2$, $CO_2$, and the methane concentrations. Results yielded a maximum syngas composition of 45% H$_2$ and 26%, CO at the 31 kg/hr feeding condition. The maximum carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency were 87% and 68%, respectively at the feeding conditions of 20 kg/hr and oxygen/feed ratio of 1.2. When oxygen feeding amount that is one of the most important operating parameter in gasification was increased, concentration of hydrogen in the syngas is greatly increased comparing to the concentration of CO and $CO_2$. The temperature exhibited about 11$0^{\circ}C$ raise while oxygen/feed ratio changed from 0.6 to 1.2. Methane concentration showed enhanced dropping rate with increase in gasifier temperature and the useful relationship between the gasifier temperature and methane concentration existed such that it can be employed as an indirect measure of inside gasifier temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Most oil refineries and chemical plants have flare systems designed to mitigate pressure rises in process facilities in case of emergencies that require the release of large amounts of gas due to sudden process shutdowns such as power outages. However, the rise of the flame of the flare system causes civil complaints from residents around the factory due to visible pollution, and economic loss occurs in the company, which requires constant management. In this study, two items were diagnosed and analyzed in order to derive the optimal operation method of flare system. First, to detect the cause of the rise in flame height, the acoustic leak detector was used to check gas leaks in safety valves and pressure control valves. Second, to identify the cause of flame instability, the pulsation phenomenon was diagnosed through the CFD simulation and modeling experiments of the sealing drum. By confirming the leak at 4.3% of the safety valve and 10% of the pressure control valve, the cause of abnormal sparking was derived. The information presented in this study can be easily applied to any company that has a flare system, and is expected to prevent complaints and product loss.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1327-1337
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• 2018

Aviation fuel oil is more strictly controlled than other transport fuels because it can lead to major accidents in the event of a problem. The quality standards of the aircraft are specified by the domestic Korean Standard, the American Society for Testing and Materials and the International Air Transport Association, respectively. From 2016 to 2017, the quality analysis of 6 items such as aromatic content, sulfur content and distillation characteristics was carried out on the jet fuel produced at five domestic refineries. Domestic production of jet fuel has been shown to be in conformity with the quality standards and has been maintained at a constant level throughout the year. Compared with the specification of ASTM and IATA the aromatic content of domestic KS specification is set to be strictly 1.5 wt% higher than the ASTM and IATA setting specification, but it satisfies this specification sufficiently. In addition, other items such as sulfur content, distillation property and flash point satisfied both domestic and international specification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2024

Facility diagnosis is essential for the smooth operation and life extension of rotating equipment used in industrial sites. Compared to other diagnostic methods, vibration diagnosis can find most of the initial defects, such as unbalance, alignment failure, bearing defects and resonance, compared to other diagnostic methods. Therefore, vibration analysis is the most commonly used facility diagnosis method in industrial sites, and is usefully used as a predictive preservation (PdM) technology to manage the condition of the facility. However, since the vibration diagnosis method is performed based on experience based on the standard, it is carried out by experts. Therefore, it is intended to contribute to the reliability of the facility by establishing a system that anyone can easily judge defects by establishing a vibration diagnosis method performed based on experience as a knowledgeable code system. An algorithm was developed based on the ISO-20816 standard for vibration measurement, and the reliability was verified by comparing the results of vibration measurement at various demonstration sites such as petrochemical plant compressors, hydrogen charging stations, and industrial machinery with the results of analysis using a development system. The developed algorithm can contribute to predictive maintenance (PdM) technology that anyone can diagnose the condition of the rotating machine at industrial sites and identify defects early to replace parts at the exact time of replacement. Furthermore, it is expected that it will contribute to reducing maintenance costs and downtime due to the failure of rotating machines when applied to various industrial sites such as oil refining facilities, transportation, production facilities, and aviation facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.491-498
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• 2009

We studied to develop high-efficiency removal system of odor and VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) from environmental infrastructure facilities and oil refineries, painting facilities and so on. It can replace RTO and RCO. We tried an removal experiment for VOCs (toluene, xylene, benzene, MEK(methyl ethyl ketone), ethanol, formalin etc. and odor compounds (hydrogen sulfide, etc.). In process, as pre-treatment we used the scrubber with vortex flow (Multi-scrone) to remove the hydrophilic VOCs and as post-treatment, used fibrous bio-filter to remove the hydrophobic VOCs. This hybrid system remove with high efficiency both the hydrophilic VOCs and hydrophobic VOCs. And we tried to make this system to be compact. In experiment using Multi-scrone, contact time is 2~3 seconds and absorption scrubbing water is diaphragm-type electrolysis water. hydrophilic VOCs like ethanol and relatively hydrophilic odor compounds like hydrogen sulfide is excellent, these substances has been removed almost completely, respectively 95~99%, 93~97%. And for MEK, formalin also Showed a high removal efficiency, respectively 78~90%, 72~85%. But in experiment using Multi-scrone, the hydrophobic VOCs like BTX showed a low removal efficiency, respectively 16~22%, 12~18%, 8~16%. In hydrophobic VOCs, toluene removal experiment using fibrous bio-filter, early efficiency was low but after 10days, adaptation period showed high efficiency 85~95%. but in the mixed phase, toluene and MEK efficiency reduced 5~10%. this show microorganism treat first MEK easy to remove. The removal efficiency for MEK using the fibrous biofilter was stable, 80~92%. This hybrid system is also high economical efficiency for RTO. This system reduce more than 50% the cost of equipment and maintenance. As a result, we expect this technology is in the limelight as high efficiency treatment of VOCs in mid-low price.