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Epidemics of Aseptic Meningitis in Kyoungsangnamdo from March to October, 1997 (1997년 경상남도 중부지방에서 유행한 무균성 뇌막염의 임상적 고찰)

  • Park, Sun Young;Kwon, Oh Su;Kim, Won Youb;Jung, Won Jo;Ma, Sang Hyouk;Kim, Sang Ki;Nam, Sung Jin;Jo, Sung Rae;Gu, Bon Chun;Lee, Kyu Man
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.104-114
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    • 1998
  • Purpose : Enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. The epidemics of aseptic meningitis in 1993 and 1996 were mostly caused by echovirus type 9. Identification of the causative virus of aseptic meningitis in epidemics, is very important not only for diagnosis but also for epidemiologic purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the causative virus and investigate the relationship between aseptic meningitis, prevailed in Masan and surrounding areas in Kyoungsangnamdo in 1997, and its clinical manifestations. Methods : One hundred twenty eight cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and 239 stool specimens were obtained from 239 patients(213 children and 26 adult patients) with aseptic meningitis were admitted to Masan Fatima Hospitals from March to October 1997. Viral isolation and serotype identification was performed by cell culture and immunofluorescent test. Enteroviruses not typed by immunofluorescent test was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results : 1) The peak incidence was noted in June. 2) The age of 239 patients(pediatrics-213 cases, internal medicine-26 cases) that were diagnosed ranged from neonate to 35 years, the age of the patients of pediatrics ranged from neonate to 15years(mean 4.9 years), the age of the patients of internal medicine (above 16 years) ranged from 16 years to 35 years(mean 24.2 years). 3) Fifty-three(41.4%) of 128 CSF specimens were positive for enteroviruses, and 163(68.2%) of 239 stool specimens were positive for enteroviruses respectively. 4) Serotypes of 53 enteroviruses isolated from CSF were 16(30.2%) of echovirus type 30, 6(11.3%) of echovirus type 6, 1 of echovirus type 4, 4 of untyped echovirus, 1 of coxsackievirus type B5, and 24 isolates of untyped enteroviruses. Of 163 enterovirus isolated from stool were 72(44.2%) of echovirus type 30, 21(12.9%) of echovirus type 6, 1 of echovirus type 4, 17(10.4%) of undetermined subtyped echovirus, 1 of coxsackievirus type B5, 2 of A24, 3 of undetermined subtyped coxsackievirus type B, and 46 isolates of untyped enterovirus. Conclusion : There were epidemics of aseptic meningitis in the central areas of Kyoungsangnamdo from March to October 1997. The main causative organism was thought to be the echovirus type 30, and echovirus type 4, 6, coxsackievirus B5 and A24 were also thought to contribute to the epidemics.

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Analysis of Postoperative Coronary Angiography in Symptomatic Patients (관상동맥 우회술 시행 후 증상이 있는 환자에서 시행한 관상동맥 조영술의 분석)

  • Kim Young-Hak;Han San-Woong;Kang Jeong-Ho;Kim Hyuck;Lee Chul-Burm;Chon Soon-Ho;Nam Seung-Hyuk;Chung Won-Sang
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제39권10호
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    • pp.759-764
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    • 2006
  • Background: We analyzed post-operative angiography performed in symptomatic patients to evaluate the patency rates and the roles of grafts. Material and Method: We reviewed 52 (15%) coronary angiograms performed for recurrent angina after prior coronary artery bypass surgery from January 1995 to June 2005. A total of 345 patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery during this period. There were 41 men and 11 women and the mean age was $64.07{\pm}15.58$ years. The median period from operation to re-angiogram was 68.5 months (range, 1 to 126 months). The numbers of grafts and peripheral anastomoses were 42 and 43 for internal thoracic artery (ITA), 14 and 20 for radial artery (RA), and 49 and 89 for saphenous vein. The mean number of anastomosis was 2.9 per patient, Result: The patency rates of ITA, RA and saphenous vein graft (SVG) were 37/43 (86%), 17/20 (85%) and 34/89 (38.2%). The patency rate of arterial grafts was significantly higher than that of SVG (p< 0.001) and the patency rate of the RA was comparable to that of ITA (p=0.942). The patency rate of sequential SVGs was higher than that of single SVG (40.3% vs 31.8%, p=0.478) and the patency rate of proximal segments in sequential anastomosis was higher than that in single anastomsis (55.6% vs 31.8%, p=0.097), but statistically not significant. Conclusion: Arterial grafts have markedly superior patency rates than SVGs, so consideration should be given to the vigorous use of arterial grafts. The patency rate of the RA was comparable to that of ITA.

Myocardial Perfusion after Transmyocardial Mechanical Revascularization in Rat Heart Transplant Model, Acute Model (백서 동종이식 심장모델에서 기계적 경심근 혈관재형성의 심근 혈류 개선 효과 : 급성기 모델)

  • Shinn Sung Ho;Chung Won Sand;Kang Jung Ho;Jeon Yang-Bin
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제38권7호
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    • pp.468-475
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    • 2005
  • Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) in end stage ischemic heart disease results in variable clinical responses. We investigated the acute effect of early reperfusion and the angiogenesis after formation of the transmyocardial channel in a transplanted rat heart model with acute myocardial infarction. Material and Method: In the 30 transplanted hearts we induced acute myocardial infarction by ligating the proximal left coronary artery and inserted a porous 22G intravenous cannula into the left ventricle. After ten minutes of reperfusion, we removed the cannula. At every stage, we recorded the heart rate, QRS size, and left coronary arterial blood flow using the electrocardiogram and Doppler. One week later the rats were sacrificed and evaluated for the patency of intramyocardial channels and the angiogenesis. Result: The heart rates after ligation and after cannula insertion were $239.1\pm61.7,\;235.8\pm58.0bpm$ respectively, and they were statistically significantly slower than that of before ligation, $277.6\pm40.3bpm\;(p=0.017,\;p=0.007\;respectively)$. QRS sizes before ligation, after ligation, and after cannula insertion were $3.6\pm3.3mm,\;2.8\pm3.3 mm,\;and\;2.4\pm2.2mm,$respectively, and there was no significant difference in the three groups. Doppler findings after ligation showed that average peak and mean values of coronary perfusion were significantly decreased from $2.11\pm0.17kHz,\;1.25\pm0.22kHz\;to\;0.83\pm0.15kHz,\;0.38\pm0.11kHz$(p<0.05 respectively). After insertion of the porous cannula, the average peak and mean values of coronary perfusion were $0.61\pm0.05kHz\;and\;0.33\pm0.05 kHz$ respectively, but there was no statistically significant change compared to values after ligation. In all cases except one, pathologic findings showed no patent channels in the acute stage, however, one case showed the angiogenesis. Conclusion: We confirmed that TMR in a rat heart transplant model did not show blood flow through the channel in the acute stage. However, reperfusion effect in some cases had a potential for angiogenesis.

Genetic analysis of seed characters in parents and F1 hybrid of rice (벼의 종자특성에 대한 유전분석)

  • Chung, Won-Bok;Oh, Ju-Sung;Hwang, Pil-Seong
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.493-497
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    • 2007
  • The study were performed genetic analysis for seed characters of 6 parents of rice cultivar and 15 $F_1$ hybrids. In terms of heritability, The highest value was observed in the character of No. of grains/spike. Second values was showed 1,000 grains weight and head rice ratio was high value than grain length and width. In an analysis of correlation relation of parent, significant positive coefficients were observed in head rice ratio and No. of grains/spike, grain length and 1,000 grains weight, but the negative coefficients were significantly revealed between grain length and No. of grains/spike. Phenotype coefficient was lowly observed in the relation of grain length and 1,000 grains weight, grain width and 1,000 grain weight that highly positive genetic coefficient was showed in an analysis of correlation relation of $F_1$. In terms of heterosis, highest value was showed 1,000 grains weight and second value was No. of grains per spike and 1,000 grains weight and second value was No. of grains per spike in terms of heterobeltiosis. In an analysis heterosis of among crossing combination, high ratio was observed 1st combination at seed length, 12th combination at seed width, 3rd combination at head rice ratio, 5th combination at 1,000 grains weight and 11th combination at No. of grains per spike. In an analysis heterobeltiosis of among crossing combination, high ratio was observed 1st combination at seed length, 12th combination at seed width, 3rd combination at head rice ratio, th combination at 1,000 grains weight and 11th combination at No. of grains per spike.

Relation of Correlation about Rice quality related Characters in Condition storage of Unhulled rice (정조 저장조건에서 식미관련특성에 대한 상관성 정도)

  • Hwang, Pil-Seong;Lee, Jeom-Sig;Kim, Kee-Jong;Son, Jong-Rok;Chung, Won-Bok;Oh, Ju-Seong
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.510-514
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried on cool and RT(room temperature) storage of unhulled rice. In RT storage of an analysis of coefficient relation, high significant positive coefficients were observed in toyo index and breakdown, setback and protein content. high significant negative coefficients were showed setback and breakdown, breakdown and protein content. In cool storage of an analysis of coefficient relation, high significant positive coefficients were observed in toyo index and amylose content and gelatinization start temperature and protein content and high significant negative coefficients were showed toyo index and whiteness, toyo index and gelatinization start temperature, gelatinization start temperature and amylose content. In RT storage of a path coefficient analysis, a highest positive direct influence was observed in amylose content and a highest negative direct influence was protein content. Positive indirect influence was high revealed breakdown and protein content and negative indirect influence was gelatinization start temperature and Mg/K ratio. In cool storage of a path coefficient analysis, a highest positive direct influence was whiteness and a highest positive indirect influence was gelatinization start temperature. Positive indirect influence was high revealed gelatinization start temperature and amylose content, negative indirect influence was whiteness and gelatinization start temperature. In RT storage of Multiple regression equation of Toyo index based on physicochemical properties of unhulled rice, a highest coefficient of determination was revealed among five facters of whiteness, protein content, Mg/K ratio, amylose content and gelatinization start temperature. In cool storage of Multiple regression equation of toyo index based on physicochemical properties of unhulled rice, highest coefficient of determination was revealed among five facters of moisture content, amylose content, gelatinization start temperature, breakdown and setback.

An Analysis for Effects of Stain Family Drugs on Osteogenic Differentiation using Human Periosteum-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (스타틴(statin) 약물이 성체줄기세포의 골분화에 미치는 영향)

  • Moon, Dong Kyu;Yun, Jeong-Won;Kim, Bo Gyu;Lee, A Ram;Moon, Sun Young;Byun, June-Ho;Hwang, Sun-Chul;Woo, Dong Kyun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • 제29권12호
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    • pp.1337-1344
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    • 2019
  • Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone mass and typically manifests as an increase in fractures. Because this disease is common in elderly populations and lifespans are rapidly increasing, the incidence of osteoporosis has also grown. Most drugs currently used for osteoporosis treatment target osteoclasts in the bone tissue to prevent absorption. However, these medications also cause certain side effects and, furthermore, cannot increase bone mass. Thus, in order to control osteoporosis, regenerative medicine that utilizes adult stem cells and osteoblasts has been extensively studied. Statins, also known as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, are cholesterol-lowering drugs that have been widely prescribed for cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, recent studies have reported the beneficial effects of various statins on bone formation via the activation of osteoblasts. Thus, the current study investigated the effects of seven statin-family drugs on osteoblast activity during osteogenic differentiation using adult stem cells from human periosteal tissue. Specifically, statin effects on alkaline phosphatase activity, an early marker of bone cell differentiation, and on calcium deposit, a late marker of bone cell differentiation, were assessed. The results demonstrate that some statins (for example, pitavastatin and pravastatin) have a weak but positive effect on bone formation, and the findings therefore suggest that statin treatments can be a novel modulator for osteogenic differentiation and regenerative medicine using periosteal stem cells.

Monitoring on Chemical Properties of Bench Marked Upland Soils in Korea (우리나라 밭 토양(土壤) 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性))

  • Jung, Beung-Gan;Choi, Jeong-Weon;Yoon, Jung-Hui;Kim, Yoo-Hak;Yun, Eul-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.326-332
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    • 2001
  • To investigate a fertility status of upland soil, the soil were sampled at 854 sites chosen in consideration of areal distribution percent on the basis of topography and were analyzed on pH, organic mater, available phosphorus ($P_2O_5$), exchangeable potassium and calcium and magnesium. The content of soil chemical properties showed pH 5.6, organic mater $24g\;kg^{-1}$, available $P_2O_5$ $577mg\;kg^{-1}$, exchangeable potassium and calcium and magnesium were 0.85, 4.5, $1.4cmol^+kg^{-1}$, respectively. The distribution percent of soil samples within the optimum range for cropping were 13.4% for pH, 46.7% for organic matter. 27.4% for available $P_2O_5$, 10.7, 15.8, 18.3% for exchangeable potassium and calcium and magnesium, respectively. In chronological changes of soil properties, exchangeable calcium and magnesium were ignorable ; pH was slightly decreased ; organic matter was slightly increased ; available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable potassium were greatly increased.

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Dose Related Effects of Poloxamer/Sodium Alginate Mixture in Prevention of Postoperative Adhesion Formation in Dogs (개에서 Poloxamer/Sodium Alginate 혼합물의 용량에 따른 복강 유착방지 효과)

  • Jeong, Won-Seok;Seong, Yun-Sang;Kwon, Young-Sam;Jang, Kwang-Ho
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.547-555
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    • 2009
  • This study was performed to determine the minimum dose of Poloxamer/Sodium alginate (PX/SA) mixture on preventing intraperitoneal adhesions to evaluate organ toxicity. Twenty five healthy adult mongrel dogs (weighing 4.68${\pm}$1.67 kg) were divided into five experimental groups composed of five dogs respectively; negative control group (NC, non-treated), positive control group (PC, 2% carboxymethyl chitosan solution treated), and experiment 1 group (E1, 0.25 ml PX/SA mixture of abraded area), experiment 2 group (E2, 0.5 ml PX/SA mixture of abraded area), experiment 3 group (E3, 1.0 ml PX/SA mixture of abraded area). Venous blood specimens were collected from all experimental animals for hematologic and biochemical analysis: WBC, fibrinogen, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN and creatinine. The anti-adhesion effect was evaluated using a serosa abrasion model. The denuded ileum was coated with PX/SA mixture, carboxymethyl chitosan solution or neither. The tensile strength of the adhesion site was evaluated with a tensiometer. For histopathological examination, tissue samples of the liver and kidney were collected from all dogs. According to the results, the frequency and tensile strength values for adhesion separation in PX/SA group were significantly lower than those in negative control group (p < 0.05). In E2 group, the tensile strength was significantly decreased in consideration of PX/SA dose. The values of AST, ALT, ALP, BUN and creatinine of the control and the experimental groups showed no statistical differences. No obvious microscopic differences were noted among tissue sections obtained from all groups. The results suggest that PX/SA mixture may be effective on reducing peritoneal adhesion formation in dog and that 0.5 ml PX/SA mixture of abraded area is most effective dose. Moreover, PX/SA mixture was considered not to have toxicity for the liver and the kidney.

Study on Reduction of Microbial Contamination on Daruma by Combination Treatment of Strong Acidic Hypochlorous Water and Ultrasonic Waves (강산성차아염소산수와 초음파를 병용처리한 조미오징어 반가공품의 미생물 오염도 저감화에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, Won-Hee;Ko, Jun-Soo;Shin, Il-Shik
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.166-172
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    • 2015
  • This study was performed to develop treatment method for reducing microbial contamination on Daruma (a semi-processed product of seasoned and dried squid) by combination of strong acidic hypochlorous water (SAHW) and ultrasonic waves (UW). The available chlorine concentration, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and pH of SAHW were $69.67{\pm}0.58ppm$, $1071.33{\pm}4.16mV$ and 2.79, respectively. The 1.49 log CFU/g of viable cell count and 1.32 log CFU/g of Staphylococcus aureus was reduced, and Escherichia coli was reduced below detection limit when the Daruma was treated with 20 times (w/v) of sodium hypochlorite solution (SHS) for 120 min. The 3.62 log CFU/g of viable cell count and 3.22 log CFU/g of Staphylococcus aureus was reduced, and Escherichia coli was reduced below detection limit when the Daruma was treated with 20 times (w/v) of SAHW for 120 min. The antibacterial effects of SAHW were stronger than those of SHS at same available chroline concentration. SAHW treatment after washing strongly alkalic electrolyzed water (SAEW) showed better bactericidal effects than SAHW treatment only. The 4.0 log CFU/g of viable cell count was reduced, S. aureus was reduced below regulation limit (Log 2.0 CFU/g), and E. coli was reduced below detection limit when the Daruma was treated with 20 times (w/v) of SAHW for 90 min after washing with 20 times (w/v) of SAEW for 60 min. The viable cell number was reduced below detection limit and S. aureus was reduced below regulation limit when the Daruma was treated with 20 times (w/v) of SAHW for 60 min in ultrasonic washer. E. coli was reduced below detection limit when the Daruma was treated with 20 times (w/v) of SAHW for 10 min in ultrasonic washer. These results suggest that combination of SAHW and UW may be a good technique to reduce the microbial contamination in daruma.

Development of a Mobile Application for Promoting Risk Communication on Food Additives Based on the Information Needs of Parents (학부모의 정보요구도에 기초한 식품첨가물 위해정보전달 스마트폰 애플리케이션의 개발)

  • Kim, Suna;Kim, Ye jee;Kim, Ji-Sun;Kim, Jeong-Weon
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.132-142
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and information needs about food additives from the parents of elementary school children, and to develop a smartphone application (App) providing information about food additives, and finally to assess its educational effects. A survey was conducted in April 2013 by using a self-administered questionnaire, and total 358 responses were collected from the parents living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. While purchasing processed foods, parents considered safety (40.5%) as the most important factor, and first checking item except production and expiration dates was origin labelling (35.4%), and chose foods with less food additives (63.1%). Parents recognized food additives as the most dangerous (42.7%), and 75.1% responded the level of danger as 'very dangerous'. However, 82.4% of parents didn't have experiences to get educations about food additives. Based on their information needs including the safety, legal standards and the foods containing food additives. a smartphone App designated as 'Catch up Food Additives' consisting of the definition, safety, food labelling guideline, management, animation about food additives was developed. When the App was exposed to the parents (n = 27), their negative perceptions on food additives were improved significantly. These results showed that providing information and education about food additives using smartphone App was very fast and effective for the promotion of risk communication on food additives with the parents.