• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.4-8
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• 2022

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as the triad of obesity (body mass index, [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m²), daytime hypercapnia (PaCO2 ≥ 45 mm Hg), and sleep breathing disorder, after excluding other causes for hypoventilation. As the obese population increases worldwide, the prevalence of OHS is also on the rise. Patients with OHS have poor quality of life, high risk of frequent hospitalization and increased cardiopulmonary mortality. However, most patients with OHS remain undiagnosed and untreated. The diagnosis typically occurs during the 5th and 6th decades of life and frequently first diagnosed in emergency rooms as a result of acute-on-chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Due to the high mortality rate in patients with OHS who do not receive treatment or have developed respiratory failure, early recognition and effective treatment is essential for improving outcomes. Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy including continuous PAP (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the primary management option for OHS. Changes in lifestyle, rehabilitation program, weight loss and bariatric surgery should be also considered.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.167-207
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• 2015

This study focused on the awareness and coping methods of psychological trauma and human suffering in the contemporary era after the development of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) including the situations in the Korean society, and proposed principles for an alternative paradigm of trauma recovery. Trauma is defined as an 'external' stress causing chronic suffering mediated by memory, and the American Psychiatric Association approved PTSD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1980. The development of PTSD empowered moral legitimacy to the victims, opened a successful way to treatment, and accomplished explosive amount of research in the area of neurobiology and cognitive neuroscience. However, this also narrowed the understanding of human suffering, and the importance of an alternative coping method which overcomes the limitations of technical intervention became overlooked. Moreover, the Korean society has an underlying mechanism of replacing the matter of trauma to a problem of an individual. This is shown among the historical context of splitting and denial, and among medicalized bureaucracy. Trauma should be acknowledged as a social suffering, and searching for an alternative paradigm is in need. This study suggested the following principles; seeking for truth and justice, survivor as the agent of recovery emphasizing the responsibility of the community, ecological adaptations of recent bio-psychological achievements, and finally putting emphasis on continuous discussions about the definition of recovery.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the various aspects of stress in patients with chronic prostatitis. Methods : Thirty two chronic prostatitis patients meeting the criteria of NIH-category III were compared with sixty four controls. Data pertaining to the source of, response to, and coping with stress, as well as chronic prostatitis symptom index were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a Global Assessment of Recent Stress(GARS), Stress Response Inventory(SRI), Ways of Coping Checklist(WCC), in addition to the NIH-CPSI. Results : From the results of GARS subscales, the scores of changes in relationship, sickness or injury and financial were significantly higher in patients with chronic prostatitis than normal controls. Chronic prostatitis patients had greater amplification of somatization, depression and anger in SRI and significantly lower score in ways of coping checklist compared with controls. In the NIH-CPSI of chronic prostatitis patients, the degree of symptom played a role in depression as stress response item and significant negative correlationship between the symptom point and problem focused, seeking social support coping strategy was observed. Conclusion : These results show that patients with chronic prostatitis have greater stress, higher stress response and insufficient coping strategy. Therefore, these efforts should be considered that enhancing healthier coping strategy and evaluation and management of stress experienced by chronic protatitis patients

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.953-959
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• 2015

Optogenetics is the combination of optical and molecular strategies to control designated molecular and cellular activities in living tissues and cells using genetically encoded light-sensitive proteins. It involves the use of light to rapidly gate the membrane channels that allows for ion movement. Optogenetics began with the placing of light-sensitive proteins from green algae inside specific types of brain cells. The cells can then be turned on or off with pulses of blue and yellow light. Using the naturally occurring algal protein Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a rapidly gated light-sensitive cation channel, the number and frequency of action potentials can be controlled. The ChR2 provides a way to manipulate a single type of neuron while affecting no others, an unprecedented specificity. This technology allows the use of light to alter neural processing at the level of single spikes and synaptic events, yielding a widely applicable tool for neuroscientists and biomedical engineers. An improbable combination of green algae, lasers, gene therapy and fiber optics made it possible to map neural circuits deep inside the brain with a precision that has never been possible before. This will help identify the causes of disorders like depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, addiction, sleep disorder, and autism. Optogenetics could improve upon existing implanted devices that are used to treat Parkinson’s disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder and other ailments with pulses of electricity. An optogenetics device could hit more specific subsets of brain cells than those devices can. Applications of optogenetic tools in nonneuronal cells are on the rise.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the premenstrual changes and stress perception in women with premenstrual changes($PMC^+$)(n=32) and those without premenstrual changes($PMC^-$)(n=62) by using prospective method. Method : The women who were older than 30 years of age and healthy were asked to complete a daily rating form based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for one menstrual cycle to assess the changes of psychological and physical symptoms across the menstrual cycle. They also completed 5-point likert scale to assess the perception of stress. Percent changes method was used to assess changes between follicular phase and luteal phase. Results : 1) No significant differences were found in demographic factors(age, education, marriage, employment) and risk factors(onset ages of menarche, regularities of premenstrual changes, duration of menstruation, cycle length, amount of menstruation, dysmenorrhea) between women with and without premenstrual changes. 2) There was a significant difference in mean luteal phase stress score between women with($1.92\pm0.63$) and without premenstrual changes($1.51\pm0.42$)(p<0.05). However no difference was found in mean follicular phase stress score between two groups($PMC^+$ : $1.67\pm0.43$, $PMC^-$ : $1.33\pm0.39$). 3) We divided women having premenstrual changes into two groups, higher stress group(stress score > 1.75(median)) and the lower stress group(stress score <1.75(median)). The higher stress group reported more luteal psychological symptoms than did the lower stress group(df=1, F=13.362, p<0.001). However, the groups did not differ in physical symptoms. Conclusion : In women with premenstrual changes, luteal stress score was higher than follicular stress score and this result suggested tha the perception of stress was related to psychological symptoms but not physical symptoms. These findings suggested that premenstrual change is associated with the stress level, and that it is important to manage the stress which is focused on the management of psychological symptom in the treamtment of prementrual syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.252-261
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• 2000

Objectivity：This study was conducted to examine the depression, self-concept, perception of stress & coping strategy in children with chronic physical illness. Methods：Two groups of participants were recruited for this study, 13 children with chronic illness in outpatient or inpatient treatment at Seoul National University Children's Hospital, and 13 nonpatient children. They were assessed using Korean form of the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale (PHSCS), Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) and three subscaleds('color how you feel' 'color how others make you feel' 'A children in the rain' of Children's Self-Report and Projective Inventory(CSRPI). Result：There were significant differences between the chronic ill children and the healthy children in scores of depression and self-concept. The chronicity ill children were more depressive and had very negative self-concept, and obtained significantly lower scores than the healthy children in the subscales of PHSCS, 'intellectual/school status' and 'popularity' Among three scales of CSRPI, there was no difference in 'color how you feel' and 'color how others make you feel' But there were significant differences in all items of 'A child in the rain'(quantity of raining, duration of raining, tool, and effectiveness). 'Duration of raining' correlated most negatively with PHSCS scores, and correlated positively with CDI scores. Conclusion：The children with chronic illness are more depressive and have very negative selfconcept. And they feel that the stresses are more permanent, but have no appropriate coping strategy. The results suggest that the chronic illness strongly affects the psychological and emotional adjustment of children(i.e. depression, peer relation, stress coping strategy).

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of adjunctive aripiprazole versus bupropion on specific symptoms of depression. Methods : Data were from 6-week, randomized, prospective, open-label multi-center study in 103 patients with major depressive disorders. Participants were randomized to receive aripiprazole (2.5-10 mg/day) or bupropion (150-300 mg/day) for 6 weeks. Change in four subscales of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17) that capture core depression symptoms was determined, and change in individual HAM-D17 items was also assessed. Changes in three composite subscales-anxiety, insomnia, and drive were also examined. Results : Within-group change in the four core subscales was large [effect size (ES)=1.30-1.47] and it was similar to that in the HAM-D17 total score. Differences between aripiprazole and bupropion were significant for each of the four core subscales and the HAM-D17 total score favored aripiprazole (p<0.001). On three composite scales, both treatments caused substantial changes in anxiety (within-group ES=1.10 (aripiprazole) vs. 1.00 (bupropion)], insomnia (ES=0.75 vs 0.50), and drive (ES=1.17 vs 1.15). Conclusion : This results suggested that both aripiprazole and bupropion adjunctive therapies with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors resulted in significant and clinically meaningful changes in core symptom subscales for depression.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.456-463
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• 2009

Cleidocranial dysplasia(CCD) is a congenital disorder of skeletal and dental abnormality, which is a mesodermal dysfunction influencing many tisssues and organs. Skeletal abnormalities in CCD are delayed closure of cranial suture and fontanelle, presence of wormian bone and clavicle aplasia. CCD also has an effect on long bones, phalanges, spine, pelvis, muscles, and central nervous system. Dental manifestations include retention of deciduous teeth, multiple supernumerary teeth, delayed eruption or impaction of permanent teeth and formation of cysts around nonerupted teeth. However, due to lack of any substansive medical or physical disability, diagnosis is often late, thereby causing masticatory and psychological problems caused by delayed eruption of permanent teeth after exfoliation of deciduous teeth. For this reason, CCD requires early diagnosis, and the patient's appearance must be improved. Also, provision for a functional masticatiory mechanism by treatment of surgical removal of supernumerary teeth followed by orthodontic eruption of the natural permanent teeth at an adequate time is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.405-434
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• 2005

This study has been performed to analyze the experience of parents who had led a parents-group of children with cancer. For this study, fifteen participants were selected for an in-depth interview and the personal experiences of each participant had been interviewed in person until data were saturated. This study employed the grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin(1998). With the qualitative constant comparative analysis, ninty four concepts, twenty six subcategories, and seventeen categories were generated. In the axial coding, a paradigm model was proposed as follows: The central phenomenon of the leaders' experiences was that they had been 'Pushed Back' to lead the groups. The causal conditions were 'A Sense of Solidarity', 'Regaining Self-possession', and 'Feeling a Necessity of Parents Group'. The contextual conditions were 'Want to Help', 'A Sense of Mission', and 'Discontent with the Cure Environment'. The intervening conditions were 'Self-reflection of Leadership', 'Reaction of Their Own Family', 'Hope to Have an Expanded Group'. The action/interaction strategies were 'Assuming All Field Work', 'Accumulation of Experiences', 'Recognition of a Role Scope'. The consequences were 'Being Comforted', 'Positive Self-awareness', 'a Sense of Worthiness', and 'Desire to Quit'. In the selective coding, the core category was 'Pushed to Lead a Group'. Based on the core category, four types and five stages in the leaders' experiences were identified. The types include 'a Devoted Family Type', 'a Volunteer Type', 'a Role Model Type', and 'a Activist Type': the stages consist of 'Stage of Maintain Identity as a parent of a child with cancer', 'Stage of Questioning', 'Stage of Active Participation', 'Stage of Experience Accumulation', and 'Stage of Progressive Change'. The result of this study presents some implications and suggestions for social work services and theories with respect to the self-help group of pediatric cancer by attempting to understand more about the experiences of leaders' in such groups.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.7078-7088
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• 2015

This study examined effects of health behaviors and sleep related factor on cognitive function in the elderly hypertensive patients. Data were collected through a face to face interview survey with structured questionnaire form 140 elderly with hypertension ($age{\geq}65years$) from February 5 to May 1, 2013. Research instruments included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS) and Korean version the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K). Cognitive function was negatively related to degradation in quality of sleep(r=-.29, p<.001). Sleep duration were negatively related to body mass index(r=-.18, p=.032) and degradation in quality of sleep(r=-.59, p<.001). Sleep duration was positively related to daytime sleepiness(r=.22, p=.008). Hierarchical multiple regression showed that age, education levels and living arrangement were associated with cognitive function(F=8.56, p<.001, Adjusted $R^2=.14$). After controlling for demographic characteristics and health behaviors, degradation in quality of sleep(${\beta}=-.27$, p=.008) was identified as significant predictors of cognitive function. This final model explained 17.0% of the cognitive function in the elderly hypertensive patients(F=4.09, p<.001). Therefore, as a strategy improving cognitive function of the elderly with hypertension, therapeutic intervention should be developed to improve quality of sleep considering age, education levels and living arrangement.