• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2001

In all ages and countries, dreaming has always been a topic that has interested people. Throughout history, theories about dreaming have been heavily dependent on concurrent theories in related domains. Many researchers have claimed that dreaming occurs during REM and NREM sleep and have rejected the strict association between REM sleep mechanisms and dreams. Although dreams may occur in both REM and NREM periods, they are likely to be produced by different mechanisms during REM and NREM sleep. All physicians managing dreaming-related problems in clinical practice need to understand the multidimensional aspects of dreaming. Therefore, I have reviewed the literature on mechanisms generating and the meaning of dreaming in the neurobiological and psychophysiological perspectives.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2021

Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is a sleep disorder characterized by sensorimotor symptoms such as unpleasant sensations before sleep, akathisia, and periodic limb movements during sleep. It is also closely related to hyperarousal and is often accompanied by insomnia. Although the mechanism is not clear, the understanding of etiology and pathophysiology has greatly expanded through recent advances in genetic and neurobiological research. The most important pathophysiology of RLS/WED is brain iron deficiency. Such iron deficiency in the brain is caused by complex interactions between several genetic factors and various environmental factors, including comorbidities. Iron deficiency in the brain results in dysfunction of several neurotransmitters. A decrease in adenosine activity appears first, followed by an increase in the activity of glutamate and dopamine. A decrease in adenosine activity and an increase in glutamate activity stimulate the brain arousal system, resulting in hyperarousal. In addition, overproduction of dopamine and glutamate leads to dysfunction of the cortical-striatal-thalamic circuit, resulting in symptoms such as akathisia and periodic limb movements during sleep.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.37-37
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• 1995

CNS의 인간공학적 실험 평가 항목중 중요 요소의 하나인 운전원의 인지적 작업부하(정보입력, 의사결정, 및 정서적 부하)를 평가하기 위해 인지적부하를 부과할 수 있는 사건 시나리오 구성방법, 피실험자에 대한 훈련 방법, 실험과 디브리핑을 통한 운전원 행위 및 사건 경위 기록 체계를 개발하였다. 운전원 행위자료 데이타베이스에는 특정 요소행위 시점, 관측행위 분류, 사용된 표시장치, 의사결정내용, 사용된 조종장치, 조종행위분류, 운전원간 의사소통 내용, 정서상태, 표시장치 및 조종장치의 사용편의성 여부 및 불편이유, 주요사건 발생시점에 관한 정보가 기록되었다. 운전중 CNS 운전원에 제시되는 자극의 변화에 수반되는 운전원의 생리적 변화를 측정하여 이로부터 운전원이 받는 정신부하를 측정하는 체계를 개발하였다. 이를 위해 ECG, EEG, 호흡패턴,피부온도, 수평EOG, 수직EOG, 심박률, 및 호흡률의 생리변수에 대한 측정이 이루 어졌으며 각각의 신호를 초당 100개씩 샘플링하여 A/D 변환하고 정신부하 추정 알고리즘을 거쳐 정신부하 여부를 판정하는 점수를 구하였다. 다차원의 정신부하 판정 점수는 OR gate에 의해 통합되어 정신부하 발생시점과 함께 정신부하데이터베이스에 기록되었다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2001

Objectives: An Increased level of psychophysiologic arousal and diminished physiologic flexibility would be observed in patients with panic disorder compared with a normal control group. We investigated the differences of psychophysiologic response between patients with panic disorder and normal control to examine this hypothesis. Methods: Ten Korean patients with panic disorder who met the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV were compared with 10 normal healthy subjects. In psychological assessment, levels of anxiety and depression were evaluated by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck's Depression Inventory and Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety and Depression. Heart rate, respiration rate, electrodermal response, and electromyographic activity were measured by biofeedback system (J & J I-330 model) to determine psychophysiologic responses on autonomic nervous system. Stressful tasks included mental arithmetic, video game, hyperventilation, and talking about a stressful event. Psychophysiologic responses were measured according to the following procedures : baseline(3 min)-mental arithmetic (3 min)-rest (3 min)-video game (3 min)-rest (3 min)-hyperventilation (3 min)-rest (3 min)-talking about a stressful event (3 min). Results: The baseline level of anxiety and depression, electrodermal response (p=.017), electromyographic activity (p=.047) and heart rate (p=.049) of patients with panic disorder were significantly higher than those of the normal subject group. In electrodermal response, patient group had significantly higher startle response than the control group during hyperventilation (p=.001). Startle and recovery responses of heart rate in the patient group were significantly lower than responses in the control group during mental arithmetic (p=.007, p=.002). In electrodermal response of the patient group, startle response was significantly higher than recovery response during mental arithmetic (p=.000) and video game task (p=.021). Recovery response was significantly higher than startle response in respiratory response during hyperventilation. Conclusion: The results showed that patients with panic disorder had higher autonomic arousal than the control group, but the physiologic flexibility was variable. We suggest that it is helpful for treatment of panic disorder to decrease the level of autonomic arousal and to recover the physiologic flexibility in certain stressful event.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-2
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• 2023

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-66
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• 2002

Sexual abuse is emerging as one of the major form of child abuse. In the late 1990s, official reports of sexual abuse began to mushroom at a much more rapid rate than reports of other forms of abuse in Korea. In addition, sexual abuse can cause the most serious emotional-cognitive-behavioral sequelae to victims. Although child & adolescent psychiatrists meet many sexual abuse victims who are referred from many types of child protective services, the psychiatrists may not be likely to give them sufficient and appropriate treatment and guideline for victims and their parents. In this article, the historical concepts, pathophysiological processes, shortterm & longterm sequelae of sexual abuse are reviewed and summarized. And I summarize the intervention and outcome studies for sexual abuse victims. In the close future, the active participation of psychiatrists who help the child and adolescents will be expected in the development of nationwide preventive and therapeutic projects for victims and families of sexual abuse.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.59
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• pp.52-53
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• 1993

• Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.230-234
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• 2018

A large proportion of patients with schizophrenia show a poor response to first-line antipsychotic drugs, which is termed treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Previous studies found that a different neurobiology might underlie treatment-resistant schizophrenia, which necessitates the development of different therapeutic approaches for treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia. This study reviewed previous studies on the pathophysiology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and the pharmacological intervention, and forthcoming investigations of treatment-resistant schizophrenia are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.222-226
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• 1999

단조 작업에 의한 정신적 부하의 평가를 위하여 피험자에게 3자릿수 숫자 3개를 더하는 연산 작업을 수행하게 하였다. 작업 시간이 증가함에 따라 단조감이 증가하도록 실험과정을 설계하였고 수행한 작업이 단조 작업임을 주관적 설문지를 사용하여 증명하였다. 작업 수행시 발생된 부하를 평가하기 위하여 생리신호를 측정하였다. 측정된 생리신호 중 Electrocardiogram, skin-temperature, temperature, respiration을 먼저 분석하였다. 단조 작업을 수행함에 따라 skin-temperature의 증가 경향이 나타났으며, heart rate variability의 power spectrum의 HF성분의 감소와 LF/HF비의 증가 경향이 나타났다. 특히 skin-temperature와 heart rate variability의 power spectrum의 HF성분은 주관적 평가치와 상관관계도 비교적 높게 나타났다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2002

Objectives: This study is aimed at measuring psychophysiological responses using a biofeedback system in healthy people to obtain basic normative data for biofeedback research and treatment. Methods: Ninety-six healthy volunteers (55 males and 41 females : average age $30.4{\pm}8.0$) without any history of major medical or psychiatric illnesses participated in this study. Psychophysiological responses were assessed using the ProComp+ and BioGraph program (ver. 2.1) with regard to forearm and frontal electromyography (EMG), electrodermal response (EDR), and skin temperature. They were measured in 3 phases (baseline, stress, and recovery phases), respectively. Beck depression inventory and Spielberger state and trait anxiety inventory were used to measure mood states. We compared psychophysiological responses according to age and gender differences, respectively and examined the relationship between mood states and psychophysiological measures. Results: People in their twenties showed higher EDR levels in the 3 phases than those of other age groups. Female subjects showed higher frontal EMG levels in the 3 phases compared with male subjects. There was no significant correlation between biofeedback measures and mood states in these subjects. Conclusion: We present normative data of psychophysiological responses measured by a biofeedback system in healthy people. These results suggest that gender and age should be considered as important variables in assessing psychophysiological responses using a biofeedback system.