• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.265-275
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to examine fluid excretions and changes in deceased bodies depending on type, location of, and causes of death for hygienic management of funeral homes. Based on the 858 cadavers studied, the average age at the time of death is 68.6 years, 83.0% had illness as the cause of death, and 79.5% passed away in a medical facility. Fluid excretion was observed in 46.2% of the cadavers. In manner of death, 78.8% of deaths -highest percentage- was due to an accident and 10.8% of deaths - lowest percentage- was due to age. Fluid excretion was observed in 46.3% of cadavers from medical facilities, 38.6% of cadavers from homes and 77.4% of cadavers from miscellaneous locations. There were various number of cadavers with recorded immediate, secondary and underlying cause of death; however, the fluid excretion rate was similar. In analyzing the immediate, secondary and underlying cause of death, respiratory and heart disease were the most common causes of death in categories of body organ and system. In terms of fluid excretion, liver disease followed by digestive and circulatory diseases were most common in immediate cause of death. Accidents and miscellaneous circumstances were most common amongst secondary and underlying causes of death for cadavers with fluid excretion. Based on the recorded illnesses of the cadavers, cardiopulmonary failure was most common as evident in 96 cadavers followed by pneumonia and sepsis. Cholangiocarcinoma (73.3%) had the highest rate of fluid excretion followed by pancreatic cancer, severe brain injury and liver cancer amongst categories of illnesses with more than 15 cadavers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.740-745
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• 2016

Cables are installed for tens of thousands of connections between various pieces of equipment to operate and control a commercial ship. The correct shortest-route data is necessary since these are complicated cable installations. Therefore, an overfill interval commonly exists in the shortest paths for cables as estimated by Dijkstra's algorithm, even if this algorithm is generally used. It is difficult for an electrical engineer to find the overfill interval in 3D cable models because the occupancy rate data exist in a data sheet unlinked to three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD). The purpose of this study is to suggest a visualization method that displays the cable path and overfill interval in 3D CAD. This method also provides various color visualizations for different overfill ranges to easily determine the overfill interval. This method can reduce cable-installation man-hours from 7,000 to 5,600 thanks to a decreased re-installation rate, because the cable length calculation's accuracy is raised through fast and accurate reviews based on 3D cable visualization. As a result, material costs can also be reduced.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.69-78
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• 1998

프레임 릴레이망을 백본으로 한 LAN과 LAN접속으로 형성되는 기업통신망이 현재 활발히 전개되면서 인터넷을 통한 광고, 전자거래가 중요한 서비스로 진행되고 있다. 국내의 프레임 릴레이 서비스 현황을 살펴보면 KT, 데이콤, 일부기업등에서 프레임 릴레이 교환기를 수입하여 주고객인 기업에 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 이들은 사용자 요구에 의해 주로 LAN과 LAN에 접속된 라우터 등의 종단 시스템간 PVC(영구가상회선: Permanant Virtual Circuit)접속을 통하여 다양한 서비스를 제공하면서 독자적인 기업통신체계를 구축하고 있는 실정이다. 이와같이 사용자 요구로 PVC등록시 프레임 릴레이망과 LAN을 연결하는 링크의 QoS(서비스 질: Quality of Service), 트래픽 파라메터는 수동적으로 설정된다. 현재 국내에서는 프레임 릴레이 교환기 개발은 전무하고 단지 그들을 수입하여 운용하는 수준이며 향후 ATM(비동기 전달모드: Asynchronous Transfer Mode)망의 중요 서비스 연동이 될 프레임 릴레이 기술은 심도있게 연구되고 있다. 향후 고속통신을 제공하는 백본망은 기존의 프레임 릴레이망과 ATM망이 공존할 추세이며 점진적으로 프레임 릴레이망은 사라질 것이다. 이때 ATM 망이 기존의 프레임 릴레이망을 백본으로 한 기업통신망 수용시 원할한 서비스 제공을 위해서는 프레임 릴레이망을 백본으로 채택한 기존의 기업통신망을 ATM망에서 수용시 야기되는 문제점의 제시와 이의 해결은 매우 중요하다고 생각된다. FR/ATM(Frame Relay/ATM)연동시 기업통신망 입장에서는 PVC뿐만 아니라 SVC(교환가상회선: Switched Virtual Circuit)호처리가 수용되어야 한다. 이와같이 PVC와 SVC 수용으로 기업통신망은 통신망의 구성 및 관리가 복잡, 다양해지며, 또 그 기업은 관련된 다양하고 수많은 고객과 접속될 수 있어야 한다. 이때 ATM망을 백본으로 한 공중망이 관련 기업의 사설 정보를 관리하도록 한다는 것은 그 서비스의 이용자에게 보안문제를 제기함은 물론 서비스 이용자가 자신의 망에서 동작하는 여러 서비스를 고객 스스로가 관리하는 것이 바람직하다. CNN(고객망관리 : Customer Network Management)은 이러한 고객에 의한 통신망, 공중망에 대한 부분적 관리 및 서비스에 대한 관리가 이루어 질수 있도록 수행하는 기능이다. 본 논문에서는 ATM망이나 프레임 릴레이망과 ATM 망이 공존시 기업통신망관점에서 야기되는 문제점의 제시와 이의 해결 방안을 살펴보았다. 우선 FR/ATM 연동에서 PVC설정뿐만 아니라 SVC 설정 방법의 연구, 이때 고려된 QoS,트래픽 처리과정을 살펴보았다. 또한 망관리 입장에서 기업통신망 관리자와 ATM망 관리자와의 온-라인 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 변화된 통신망 차원서의 확장된 Managed Object(MO)를 근간으로한 체계적인 CNN-NMS(CNM-Network management System)연동을 살펴본후 결론에서는 추후 계속연구 및 조사 되어야 할 항목을 기업통신망 입장에서 서술하여 보았다.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 2015

As radiation therapy is one of three major cancer treatment methods, many cancer patients get radiation therapy. To exposure as much radiation to cancer while normal tissues near tumor get little radiation, medical physicists make a radiotherapy plan treatment and perform quality assurance before patient treatment. Despite these efforts, unintended medical accidents can occur by some errors. In order to solve the problem, patient internal dose reconstruction methods by measuring transit dose are suggested. As feasibility study for development of patient dose verification system, inverse square law, percentage depth dose and scatter factor are used to calculate dose in the water-equivalent homogeneous phantom. As a calibration results of ionization chamber and glass dosimeter to transit radiation, signals of glass dosimeter are 0.824 times at 6 MV and 0.736 times at 10 MV compared to dose measured by ionization chamber. Average scatter factor is 1.4 and Mayneord F factor was used to apply percentage depth dose data. When we verified the algorithm using the water-equivalent homogeneous phantom, maximum error was 1.65%.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 2018

Extracting keywords representing documents is very important because it can be used for automated services such as document search, classification, recommendation system as well as quickly transmitting document information. However, when extracting keywords based on the frequency of words appearing in a web site documents and graph algorithms based on the co-occurrence of words, the problem of containing various words that are not related to the topic potentially in the web page structure, There is a difficulty in extracting the semantic keyword due to the limit of the performance of the Korean tokenizer. In this paper, we propose a method to select candidate keywords based on semantic similarity, and solve the problem that semantic keyword can not be extracted and the accuracy of Korean tokenizer analysis is poor. Finally, we use the technique of extracting final semantic keywords through filtering process to remove inconsistent keywords. Experimental results through real web pages of small business show that the performance of the proposed method is improved by 34.52% over the statistical similarity based keyword selection technique. Therefore, it is confirmed that the performance of extracting keywords from documents is improved by considering semantic similarity between words and removing inconsistent keywords.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a cost-effective location and service management scheme in LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks, which a per-user service proxy is created to serve as a gateway between the mobile user and all client-server applications engaged by the mobile user. The service proxy is always co-located with the mobile user's location database such that whenever the MU's location database moves during a location hand-off, a service hand-off also ensues to co-locate the service proxy with the location database. This allows the proxy to know the location of the mobile user all the time to reduce the network communication cost for service delivery. We analyze four integrated location and service management schemes. Our results show that the centralized scheme performs the best when the mobile user's SMR (service to mobility ratio) is low and ${\upsilon}$(session to mobility ratio) is high, while the fully distributed scheme performs the best when both SMR and ${\upsilon}$ are high. In all other conditions, the dynamic anchor scheme is the best except when the service context transfer cost is high under which the static anchor scheme performs the best. Through analytical results, we demonstrate that different users with vastly different mobility and service patterns should adopt different integrated location and service management methods to optimize system performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.477-484
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• 2016

This study was carried out to determine the factors affecting the trend and usage of Magnetic Resonance Imaging before and after the implementation of National Health Insurance. The research materials were the MRI Execution Data, Health Insurance Review Data, and Medical Expenses in the Health Insurance Data from a General Hospital located in Dae-jeon Metropolitan City from 2004 to 2013. The subjects of analysis were 3,754 people in 2004 (prior to the implementation of Health Insurance), and 4,107-8,603 people from 2005-2013(after the implementation of Health Insurance). In terms of analysis, a comparison of the use of MRI before and after implementation of the Health Insurance of User Characteristics and Provider Characteristics were taken as $X^2$, while factor analysis for the elements that affect MRI usage was carried out by Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis. According to the results of this study, the level of use decreased temporarily in the initial application stages of the national health insurance, but it soon increased. In particular, the inspection rates for women, the head and neck, those not subject to the application of the national health insurance, internal medicine, and the inpatients increased. The application of the national health insurance for MRI influenced the increasing inspection rates (P<.0001). As the inspection rate for the MRI increased, it is important to expand the application of the national health insurance to reduce the national health expenditure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.961-965
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• 2007

현재 오염총량관리제를 시 군 단위의 기초자치 단체별로 시행하고 있는데 실제로 오염물질의 전달은 행정구역단위가 아닌 유역내에서 이루어지진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기초자치 단체별이 아닌 유역단위로 오염부하량과 삭감량을 산정함으로써 유역 단위의 오염총량관리제 계획 수립을 위한 토대를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 보청천 유역을 대상으로 유역의 오염부하량을 산정하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 지리정보시스템(GIS)인 WMS(Watershed Management System)와 ArcView를 이용하여 유역의 지형인자들을 추출하고, 각 소하천의 토지이용도와 생활계, 축산계, 양식계, 토지계를 바탕으로 원단위를 적용하여 발생부하량을 산정하였다. 그리고 각 소하천별 발생부하량 산정 결과를 토대로 각 수질관측점을 기준으로 하여 배출부하량을 산정하였으며, 배출부하량의 산정결과를 이용하여 유달부하량을 산정하였다. 이를 위해서 필요한 수질 데이터는 QUAL2E 모형을 이용하여 모의 하였으며, 수리 및 수질 매개변수를 추정하고 모형의 보정 및 검증을 수행하였다. 그 결과 유달부하량은 BOD는 2013.16kg/일, TN은 1091.34kg/일, TP은 235.16kg/일이 도출되었다. 따라서 장래에 수질이 악화될 경우를 고려하여 수질 항목별 오염량이 2배, 3배로 증가한다고 가정하였다. 오염량이 2배 증가하였을 경우, 오염부하량을 산정한 결과 보청천3 지점에서 BOD는 184.68kg/일이 삭감되어야 하고, 오염량이 3배 증가하였을 경우 BOD는 1775.69kg/일이 삭감되어야 한다는 결과를 도출할 수 있었다. 본 연구와 같이 유역단위로 오염부하량을 산정할 경우, 오염원을 줄이는데 효율적일 것으로 생각되며, 향후 오염총량관리제를 위해 유역단위의 오염부하량 산정을 고려하면 좋을 것으로 사료된다.는 지배적인 요인으로 남게 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 현재 진행중인 승기천 오염하천 정화사업이 종료되는 시점을 기준으로 남동유수지에 대해 승기천과 연계한 유수지의 환경개선 방법을 제안하였다. 준설을 통해 유수지의 근본적인 오염원을 제거하고 남동유수지 유입부에 인공습지와 수처리설비를 설치하여 유수지의 수질을 개선하고 개선된 수질이 3급수로 유지하도록 하였으며, 설치된 인공습지에는 철새도래지를 조성하여 유수지 유입수인 철새가 날아드는 하천인 승기천의 테마와 연계하도록 하였다. 인공습지 주변으로 식생호안을 설치하고 유수지 주변에는 산책로를 설치하여 지역주민들의 친환경 수변공간으로 활용하도록 하였다. 1유수지와 연결된 2유수지는 BTL사업을 통해 주변공단으로부터의 오폐수를 원천적으로 차단하도록 하였으며 2유수지를 매립하여 지하는 강우시 유출수 저류가 가능한 화물차주차장으로 활용하고 지상은 녹지공간으로 조성하여 공단근로자 및 지역주민을 위한 휴식공간으로 활용될 수 있도록 제안하였다. 본 연구는 남동유수지 환경 개선 사업 실행을 위한 정책 연구로 연구결과를 인천시가 적극 수용하기로 결정함에 따라 인천시의 환경 현안 문제인 남동유수지의 수질개선을 통해 시민의 휴식 및 여가선용 공간으로 활용하기 위한 사업의 기초자료로 활용되며 이미 설계검토가 시작되었다. 본 연구결과는 유수지 및 저수지의 환경개선 사업의 선두적인 성공사례로 국내 타 지역의 유사한 사업에 있어 벤치마킹을 할 수 있는 훌륭한 사례가 될 것이다.요 생산이 증가하자 군신의 변별(辨別)과 사치를 이유로 강력하게 규제하여 백자의 확대와 발전에 걸림돌이 되었다. 둘째, 동기(銅器)의 대체품으로 자기를 만들어 충당해야할 강제성 당위성 상실로 인한 자기수요 감소를 초래하였을 것으로 사료된다. 셋째, 경기도 광주에서 백자관요가 운영되었으므로 지방인 상주

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.312-320
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• 2020

Various LIDs with natural water circulation function are applied to reduce urban environmental problems and environmental impact of development projects. However, excessive Infiltration and evaporation of LID facilities dry the LID internal soil, thus reducing plant and microbial activity and reducing environmental re duction ability. The purpose of this study was to develop a real-time measurement system with complex sensors to derive the management plan of LID facilities. The test of measurable sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) application was conducted in artificial wetlands shaped in acrylic boxes. The applied sensors were intended to be built at a low cost considering the distributed LID and were based on Arduino and Raspberry Pi, which are relatively inexpensive and commercialized. In addition, the goal was to develop complex sensor measurements to analyze the current state o f LID facilities and the effects of maintenance and abnormal weather conditions. Sensors are required to measure wind direction, wind speed, rainfall, carbon dioxide, Micro-dust, temperature and humidity, acidity, and location information in real time. Data collection devices, storage server programs, and operation programs for PC and mobile devices were developed to collect, transmit and check the results of measured data from applied sensors. The measurements obtained through each sensor are passed through the Wifi module to the management server and stored on the database server in real time. Analysis of the four-month measurement result values conducted in this study confirmed the stability and applicability of ICT technology application to LID facilities. Real-time measured values are found to be able to utilize big data to evaluate the functions of LID facilities and derive maintenance measures.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.526-542
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine contents through inductive analytic method and make systematic improvement method on satisfaction & dissatisfaction of university students participating in stipulated PGA pro-golf competitions as volunteers. The objects of this study were university students participating in 2019 The CJ Cup@Nine Bridges as volunteers. Excluding 76 copies judged to be disloyal out of 300 collected copies, the researcher analyzed the contents of 224 copies. To begin with, the contents were categorized in 10 detailed areas & 5 general areas by implementing the 2nd inductive categoric analysis mainly on the basis of 408 raw materials, the overall detailed areas of satisfaction on participation. Checking specifically, first, "satisfaction on experience in golf competition" was divided into golf competition, golf information, golf course. Second, "satisfaction on player" was divided into direct watching and famous player. Third, "satisfaction on environment" was divided into satisfaction on place & satisfaction on facilities. Fourth, "satisfaction on participation" was divided into satisfaction on service & satisfaction on competence. Finally, "satisfaction on interpersonal relation" was divided with application same to that of detailed area. In the case of dissatisfaction on participation, the contents were categorized in 10 detailed areas & 3 general areas by implementing the 2nd inductive categoric analysis mainly on the basis of 369 raw materials, the overall detailed areas. Checking specifically, first, dissatisfaction on competition operating system was detailedly divided into dissatisfaction on job system, dissatisfaction on operating system, dissatisfaction on delivery system. Second, dissatisfaction on treatment for volunteers was divided into dissatisfaction on treatment for volunteers & dissatisfaction on work hours. Third, dissatisfaction on welfare for volunteers was divided into dissatisfaction on food & beverage, dissatisfaction on costumes and dissatisfaction on incidental facilities.