5 cases of lead poisoning were investigated clinically. Of the 5 patients, 4 were male and 1 was female. The causes of lead poisoning in 3 cases were ingestion of herb drug pills and in 2 cases were occupational poisoning. Chief complain at admission in 4 cases were in defined colicky abdominal pain and constipation. Only 1 case complained of dizziness and palpitation without gastrointestinal symptom. On peripheral blood, normocytic normochromic anemia (mean Hgb 9.2gm/dl), reticulocytosis (mean 4.7%) and basophilic stippling were found in 100% of patients. Bone marrow aspiration was done in 4 cases. Erythroid hyperplasia and basophilic stippling were found in all 4 cases. Mean M : E ratio was 0.7 : 1. The lead concentration in serum was in creased in 4 cases (80%) of patients. Lead concentration, deltaaminolevulinic acid concentration in 24 hours collected urine were in creased in 5 patients (100%). Qualitative test of coproporphyrin of urine was positive in all 5 cases. 3 patients treated with Ca-EDTA, abdominal pain was improved rapidly and hemoglobin level was in creased slowly.
Many out patients of the rehabilitation center complaint a pain caused by suffering of MPS, and it brings many different kind of social and ecinomical problems such as medical expenses and the reduction in work efficiency. Therefore, we conducted a research to present a fast and effective treatment to the MPS patients. this research was conducted from November, 1996 to January 1998 with eighteen outpatients who agreed to be the subjects to our reserach. We applied the electric acupuncture on 28 different trigger point on the patients with mostly muscular-skeletal pain and some tender and radiating pain. After the treatment, VRS, VAS, PRI were used to measure the degree of the pain on the patients third and seventh visits, and following results were found. 1. To apply EAP treatment, we acupunctured 6em-Iong needles on Tps region, then the electrodes of pulse generater pg-306 E.S.T were connected on the top of the needles. the electric acupuncture therapy was conducted for 20 minutes with the intensity of 4hz - 60hz(auto wave). The treated electric intensity was the level at which the patients did not feel discomfort. 2. Thirteen out of the 18 participated patients were in their 30s and 40s(72.2%), showing highest frequency. There were more female than male with the ratio of 1 to 1:2. 3. six out of the participated patients (33.3%) had the pain for less then a week, and the average duration of the pain of the participated patients wear 0.8 years. 4. The pain occured mostly in the upper trapezius by 6 part (21.4%), then in the gluteus medius region by 4 part (14.3%). Many of the patients with the pain in the upper back area accompanied varios kind of the referred pains such as radiculopathy, HIVD and Frozen shoulder. 5. MPS occured more frequently on the right side than left side then left side and it seemed to be due to the frequent use of the right hand. 6. There was almost no difference in the measurement of the intensity of the pain right before and after the EAP treatment. Howerver, there was significant decrease in the numerical values of the VAS, and a little bit of decrease in the numerical values of the PRI after the EAP treatment. 7. Based on the results of this present research, it can be concluded that EAP can be used for the treating the myofascial pain syndrome with promptness and safety in most cases.
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
/
v.27
no.3
/
pp.293-301
/
2005
We conducted several different leaching experiments for assessing the potential environmental risk when utilizing recycled concrete for stabilizing bridge pier. The methods include continuous batch leaching test (DIN 38414-S4), availability test (NEN 7341), pH-stat test (CEN/TC 292/WG6) and tank diffusion test (NEN 7345). The concentration ranges vary depending on the testing method. Nearly all the trace elements were low, some elements recording under detection limit. The maximum concentrations for trace elements leached throughout the whole tests are (as mg/L); Cd (0.029), Cu (0.437), Pb (0.14), Ni, Zn (0.95), Hg (0.005). Although the testing methods we used in this study are much more rigorous than other commonly adapted method including TCLP and domestic testing method for solid waste, the trace elemental concentrations are under the criteria for hazardous material set by the TCLP and domestic method. The result seems to suggest that applying the recycled concrete on stream water will be accepatable practice as for as trace elements are concerned. However, the influence of inorganics such as Ca, Mg, Ni and $SO_4^{2-}$ on aquatic ecology should be further examined.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.17
no.12
/
pp.582-593
/
2016
The purpose of this study is to (evaluate) the effectiveness of neurofeedback training (NFT) and systematically search for the related factors by conducting a meta-analysis of theses and journal articles published in (the Korean language/Korea). This study analyzed 21 articles selected through a database search from 2001 to 2015. The quality evaluation result of the research, as research method characteristic, was low. It was found that, first, the effect size of the neurofeedback program training was .683 above the (median). Second, the effect size as the (moderator) variable played a statistically significant role in moderating the effect of the the subject characteristics, including the presence or not of disabilities and school level (elementary, junior high school, high school), on the effectiveness of the neurofeedback training program. Third, (the effect size) played a statistically significant role in mediating the effect of the research method (training method), number of sessions per week, total number of sessions and training time on the effectiveness of the neurofeedback training program. This study provides (comprehensive) data on the effect of the interventions and selection of the neuro-feedback training program subjects.
Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
/
v.38
no.1
/
pp.91-101
/
2012
This study's purpose is to research the antioxidant power of Calaguala (Polypodium leucotomos, PL) as an oral supplement: Calaguala, a native of Central America, is a fern which belongs to the family polypodiaceae protecting the skin from the ultraviolet and active oxygen free radicals. The total 14 volunteers, each female 7 & male 7, were divided into 2 groups, then exposed to UV for 30 min after taking Calaguala and placebo. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was analyzed by taking the blood samples from anticubital vein 3 hours after UV exposure. First, Calaguala siginifcantly decreased the concentration of active oxygen free radicals 4 weeks later. The concentration of active oxygen free radical in PL group declined more than placebo group, when measured 30 min and 3 hours after UV exposure. Second, Calaguala did not significantly increase TAC 4 weeks later, but significantly decreased TAC 3 hours after exposure, when compared with placebo group. Now days, the photo allergy and photo aging caused by air pollution and ozone destruction have drastically increased, and thus the amount of UV radiation reaching the earth's surface increased. The increase of active free oxygen radicals resulted in accelerating the diseases and aging. The first superficial protecting protection by reflection & dispersion and the second body internal protection by taking oral photo antioxidant such as Calaguala should be continuously researched.
In order to establish proper storage conditions for ginger, the quality changes of gingers stored at three different temperatures(7$^{\circ}C$, 12$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$) and three different relative humidities(75%, 85% and 95%RH) were investigated during 150 days of storage. Gingers stored at 7$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$ showed rapid quality deterioration due to chilling injury and spouting respectively in any range of relative humidity. Ginger stored at 7$^{\circ}C$ was staled to show symptoms of the chilling injury such as moldiness, shrivelling, discoloration etc after 30 days of storage ; then it was deteriorated after 90 days of storage. Ginger stored at 20$^{\circ}C$ was completely lost its storage-life after 30 days of storage because of high sprouting ratio. However ginger stored at 12$^{\circ}C$, 75%RH showed better quality than ones stored at both 7$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$, but it was not so good as the one at 7$^{\circ}C$, 95%RH. Consequently storage conditions of 12$^{\circ}C$, 95%RH was observed the best effecive condition for keeping rhizomes in good quality from weight loss, spouting, mouldiness and so on.
To get basic data for quality grading of Mandarin oranges, the oranges were collected from five major areas distributed in Cheju Island, Korea for 3 years and the quality characteristics such as greenness, size, weight, uniformity, sweetness, pH and titratable acidity and its distributions were analyzed. The mean value of greenness (100- yellowness) of peel color in Mandarin oranges was 2.58% and its variation was very large, 9.04%. The average height and diameter of the oranges were 47.51 mm and 56.05 mm, respectively. The average weight was 82.24 g and its variation was 29.92g. The sweetness varied between 5.60$^{\circ}$Brix and 17.2$^{\circ}$Brix and its average value was 10.53$^{\circ}$Brix. The average values of the pH and total acidity of the oranges were 3.90 and 0.71 %, individually. In quality characteristics of Mandarin oranges according to the cultivated areas, area D had the lowest value in the strength of greenness, 1.14% and area D had the highest value, 3.53%. The highest values of the height and diameter in Mandarin oranges were 49.35mm and 57.48mm for area A and the lowest values of them were 46.35mm and 54.87mm for area E, respectively. The highest value of the weight in Mandarin oranges was 87.61 g for area A and the lowest value was 76.77g fer area E. Although the sweetness ranged from 10.2$^{\circ}$Brix for area E to 10.75$^{\circ}$Brix for area D, the difference by the areas was insignificant. For pH values, area B had the highest value, 3.96, while area E showed the lowest value, 3.78. Area A and E in titratable acidity were the areas shown the highest value, 0.75%, whereas area B marked the lowest value, 0.64%.
As consumers are aware of their health and are more conscious of environmental conditions, there is an increasing demand for organic agri-foods. The present study aims to investigate the physicochemical quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of organic green peppers. The weight, length, moisture content, color (Hunter L, a, b) and hardness were measured for the quality characteristics. In addition, the DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities and total phenolic contents were analyzed for the comparison of antioxidant activities between organically and conventionally grown green peppers. The weight and length of the organically grown green peppers were lower than those of the conventionally grown ones. The moisture content of the organically and conventionally grown green peppers was similar. The L and b values of the organically grown green peppers were higher than those of the conventionally grown ones. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the organically grown green peppers (62.86%) was higher than that of the conventionally grown ones (51.06%). The total phenolic content of the organically grown green peppers was higher than that of the conventionally grown ones, however, there was no significant differences between organically and conventionally grown green peppers (p<0.05). Further studies would be recommended for the evaluation of other characteristics such as flavor, taste, and bioactivity compounds between organically and conventionally grown green peppers.
The purpose of this study is to relate social behaviors and child-rearing practices to the popularity of preschool children in Korea. Specifically, four major questions were raised and studied First, the relationship between a child's popularity and his/her social behaviors was examined. Second, this relationship was explored as a function of the child's sex. Third, the relationship between a child's popularity and maternal childrearing practices was investigated. Fourth, this relationship was explored as a function of the child's sex. The subjects of this study were 113 middle class preschool aged children and their mothers. Sociometric choices and peer-perceived social behaviors were obtained from these children using Moore's (1973) Sociometric Status Test. Mothers of these children described their childrearing practices in a Q-sort format of Child-Rearing Practices Report (CRPR) developed by Block (1965). The analyses of the data using Kendall's Tau Correlation Coefficient bore the following results: 1. Patterns of social behaviors shown by either popular or unpopular children were distinct; Popular children were friendly and conformative, while unpopular children were aggressive, non-conformative and independent. 2. Patterns of social behaviors in relation to the popularity and the unpopularity differed as a function of the child's sex; Popular boys tended to be active while popular girls were likely to be unaggressive, independent and not-teasing. Unpopular boys showed a great amount of discipline their daughters by means of non-punitive punishment and to express negative reaction to the sibling rivalry among their children. These mothers tended not to enjoy their 3. Certain patterns of maternal child-rearing practices tended to be related to the popularity status of the child; The mothers of popular children as compared to those of unpopular children enjoyed their roles as mothers and didn't use non-punitive punishment. 4. Patterns of maternal child-rearing practices in relation to the child's popularity and unpopularity differed as a function of the child's sex; The mothers of popular boys unlike those of popular girls tended to emphasize on their sons' achievement and perceived that their husbands were greatly involved with their sons. The mothers of unpopular boys appeared to show negative affection toward their sons. The mothers of unpopular girls were likely to displine their daughters by means of non-punitive punishment and to express negative reaction to the sibling rivalry among their children. These mothers tended not to enjoy their roles as mothers and did not believe that their daughters would behave as they should.
This study was designed to investigate the using status and awareness of pit and fissure sealant, and how it affects on secondary caries when performed on above of initial caries. After classifying 446 occlusal surface into four groups, performed pit and fissure sealant, induced artificial caries, used DIAGNOdent (Kavo) to measure degree of secondary caries. Also, distributed a questionnaire on dental clinic in metropolitan area to find out using status and awareness of pit and fissure sealant, the following results were obtained. 1) On inspection and percussion, Group 4 corresponding to the enamel caries showed the highest secondary caries after sealant and was statistically significant difference in the order of initial group, stained group, sound group (p<0.05). 2) Inspection showed the highest percentage on tooth fissure caries diagnostic methods before sealant. 3) 56.6% didn't know about DIAGNOdent, 91.6% didn't have it. 4) In clinically, the most cause of secondary caries after sealant was a broken sealant, making caries on the downward. Based on the results of above study, degree of caries under sealant could affect on secondary caries, needs publicity about the use and necessity of objective fluorescence device.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.