• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2012

We investigated the effects of acid mine drainage (AMD) from abandoned coal mines on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the upper reaches of the Nakdong River from May to October in 2009. Qualitative and quantitative sampling (Surber sampler: $50{\times}50$ cm; mesh size, 0.2 mm) was conducted at 7 study sites and 3 control sites in the study area. We thus sampled 117 species belonging to 53 families, 15 orders, 6 classes, and 5 phyla; the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera group (EPT-group) represented the majority of the benthic macroinvertebrate community (71 species; 64.5%). In the quantitative sampling, a total of 11,575 individuals belonging to 58 species of benthic maroinvertebrates were sampled from the study sites (Sites 1-7), whereas 2,844 individuals belonging to 79 species were sampled from the control sites (Sites A-C). Tolerant species such as oligochaetes, $Epeorus$ $pellucidus$, $Baetis$ $fuscatus$, Hydropsychidae species, and Chironomidae species were predominant in the study sites. The community indices for the study sites, such as MacNaughton's dominance index (DI) (mean${\pm}$SD, $0.52{\pm}0.21$; range, 0.33-0.85) and the Shannon diversity index ($H^{\prime}$) ($2.06{\pm}0.60$; 1.06-2.57), were different from those for the control sites (DI: $0.29{\pm}0.07$, 0.22-0.35; $H^{\prime}$: $3.13{\pm}0.14$; 3.03-3.30). In the study sites, shredders and scrapers were scarce, whereas gathering-collectors (mainly Chironomidae species) were relatively abundant, as were clingers and burrowers. The detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and similarity analyses showed that benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the study sites were clearly separated from those of the control sites, with the greatest dissimilarity being noted at the uppermost study site (Site 1), which is located close to an abandoned coal mine. The Korean saprobic index (KSI) and the ecological score using benthic macroinvertebrates (ESB) showed that the uppermost study site (Site 1) was ${\alpha}$-mesosaprobic or heavily polluted, whereas other study sites were in a fair or relatively good condition.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Biodiesel is a type of biofuel obtained from bioresources and able to use in diesel vehicles as an alternative/additive to petro diesel. In recent biodiesel research, there are three main issues which include high quality biodiesel, low cost feed stock and a highly efficient biodiesel production process. The sustainable production and use of biodiesel are attracting much attention in the renewable energy field. In this paper, we review some of the literatures related to environmental and economic evaluation for biodiesel production and analysis the issues including life cycle assessment (LCA), global warming potential (GWP), energy consumption, biodiesel production cost, production technologies and feedstock.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.249-251
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• 2021

PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant) is a consensus algorithm that guarantees higher processing speed compared to PoW (Proof of Work) and absolute finality that records are not overturned due to the superiority of computing power. However, due to the complexity of the message, there is a limit that the network load increases exponentially as the number of participating nodes increases. PBFT is an important factor in determining the performance of a blockchain network, but studies on evaluation metrics and evaluation technologies are lacking. In this paper, we propose a PBFT evaluation framework that is convenient to change the consensus algorithm to easily evaluate quantitative indicators and improved methods for evaluating PBFT.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2022

최근 호우의 빈도와 규모는 증가하는 추세이며 이에 따른 홍수 피해는 많은 피해를 야기하고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 홍수 피해에 대한 선제적 대응을 위한 요소로써 초단시간 강우예측 정보의 중요성은 매우 높다. 특히, 레이더 자료 기반의 강우예측은 수치예보모델과 비교하여 3시간 이내의 짧은 선행시간 이내의 높은 정확도를 갖고 있어 홍수예보에 다수 활용되고 있다. 최근에는 강우자료의 복잡한 관계와 특징을 고려하기 위해 딥러닝 기반의 강우예측 활용 사례가 증가하고 있으나 국내 적용 사례는 적어 관련 연구가 요구되는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 레이더 강우를 활용한 딥러닝 기반의 강우예측 기법을 제안하고 이에 대한 적용성을 평가하고자 한다. 2차원 레이더 강우자료의 특징과 시계열 특성을 고려하기 위한 심층신경망 구조를 제안하였으며 기존 딥러닝 모형과의 비교를 통해 활용 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. 적용 대상지역은 한강 유역으로 선정하였다. 정성적 평가를 위해 임계성공지수(CSI)를 활용하여 예측 강우에 대한 정확도를 평가하였으며 정량적 평가를 위해 예측 강우와 관측 강우의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 평가 결과, 제안하는 방법이 기존 모형과 비교하여 예측오차의 범위가 적고 강우의 위치 변화를 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 초단기간 강우예측 자료를 활용하는 홍수예보의 정확도 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.813-819
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• 2014

The spatial distribution of geographical distances at five natural populations of Camellia japonica in Busan, Korea was studied. The four plots (Mollundae, Gadeok-do, Du-do, and Jwiseum) of C. japonica were uniformly distributed in the forest community and only one plot (Amnam-dong) was aggregately distributed in the forest community. Morisita index is related to the patchiness index showed that the plot $20m{\times}50m$ had an overly steep slope when the area was larger than $20m{\times}20m$, which indicated that the degree of aggregation increased significantly with increasing quadrat sizes, while the patchiness indices did not change from the plot $5m{\times}10m$ to $10m{\times}10m$. The spatial structure was quantified by Moran's I, a coefficient of spatial autocorrelation. Ten of the significant values (76.9%) were positive, indicating similarity among individuals in the first 4 distance classes (80 m), i.e., pairs of individuals with dissimilarity characteristics can separate by more than 100 m.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.485-492
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• 2014

In regards to natural disasters, vulnerability analysis is a component of the disaster risk analysis with one of its objectives as a basis for planning priority setting activities. The volcano eruption raises many casualties and property in the surrounding area, especially when the volcano located in densely populated areas. Volcanic eruptions cannot be prevented, but the risk and vulnerability can be reduced which involve careful planning and preparations that anticipate a future crisis. The social vulnerability as social inequalities with those social factors can influence the susceptibility of various groups to harm and govern their ability to respond. This study carried out the methods of Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) to measure the socially created vulnerability of the people living in Merapi proximal hamlets in Central Java, Indonesia that refers to the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the resilience of communities in order to describe and understand the social burdens of risk. Social vulnerability captured here, using a qualitative survey based-data such as interviews to local people with random ages and background to capture the answer vary, also interviews to stakeholders to help define social vulnerability variables. The paper concludes that by constructing the vulnerability index for the hamlets, the study reveals information about the distribution and causes of social vulnerability. The analysis using SoVI confirms that this method works well in ensuring that positive values indicating high social vulnerability and vice versa.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.119-121
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• 2012

수문순환과정의 시공간적 거동의 해석 및 정량화는 효율적인 수자원 관리 및 계획을 위해서 반드시 선행되어야 하는 연구이다. 그러나 현재 국내의 수문순환과정을 분석하는 연구는 매우 미비한 실정이다. 특히 수문기상인자 중 토양수분은 지표와 대기에서 물과 에너지를 연결해주는 중요한 인자중 하나로 그 중요성 대두되고 있지만 관측시설의 제한과 큰 시공간 변동성을 가지고 있을 값을 추정하는데 어려움이 있다. 최근에는 이를 보완하기 위하여 선진국을 중심으로 연구되고 있는 원격탐사 기술을 도입하였다. 특히 원격탐사를 통해 산정된 Normilized Difference vegetation Index (NDVI) 와 토양수분과의 관계를 파악하기 위한 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. NDVI는 토양수분에 직, 간접적인 영향을 주는 식생의 활동을 나타내는 인자이다. 이러한 이유로 많은 연구에서 NDVI와 토양수분과의 관계에 대해 규명해 왔으며, NDVI를 통한 토양수분의 추정 및 검증이 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서는 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 에서 산정된 식생지수와 토양수분의 실측데이터를 이용하여 관측지에서의 식생지수와 토양수분의 관계를 규명한 후, 이 관계를 이용하여 관측 지역 이외의 장소의 토양수분 값을 추정 할 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.8B
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• pp.979-985
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• 2011

One of the most important means in modem NQ (Network Quotient) emphasized society is the communication skill. Therefore, it is mostly necessary to accurately express his or her own idea and maximize own communication competence. For this, efforts on improving pronunciation accuracy, such as pronunciation stretching practice and vocal cords reflex point acupressure therapy, have been devoted for communication competence in daily life. However, objective and positive method to substantiate such efforts has not yet been studied to find if the methods can improve pronunciation accuracy in effect. We, therefore, propose an IT based method of substantiation and quantization for such pronunciation accuracy improvement methods. Voice analysis on voice data sample of 30 males in 20s, before and after pronunciation stretching practice and vocal cords reflex point acupressure, has been performed in this paper.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.125-135
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• 1998

The shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) by AC power source was performed to evaluate the arc stability by arc monitoring and analysing. In this study, the arc stability index was evaluated quantitatively by using he coefficient of resistance variation for welding time. This coefficient was obtained for the long time (20sec.) by analysing the waveforms of welding current, voltage and resistance. The coefficient was applied to indicate numerically the variation level of arc length and the degree of arc extinction. Using the coefficient of resistance variation in practical welding, the arc stability of the high titanium oxide electrode (KS E4313) turned out to be better than that of the low hydrogen electrode (KS E4316). In evaluating the skill level of welders by the coefficient, the horizontal fillet weaving welding became clear to be very discriminating because the higher level welder could weave in keeping constant arc length, but the lower level welder showed the characteristics of weaving with the unstable arc length. And it was confirmed that the welding defects as blow holes was formed when the arc stability index were high.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.1 s.108
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• pp.69-81
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• 2005

As one of the variations in growth and development of the craniofacial complex. malocclusion shows lack of concordance In the recognition and severity of malocclusion for dentists as well as the acceptance and need of orthodontic treatment for the patient The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the relationships between objective malocclusion severity aid subjective treatment difficulty. 2) to evaluate the effect of malocclusion components to the subjective perceived difficulty of treatment. 3) to establish the weighted values of malocclusion components to reflect the treatment difficulty 100 pairs of dental casts with the general characteristics of malocclusion. were selected from the orthodontic departments of Kyunghee University and Samsuug Medical Center. The severity of malocclusion was evaluated by the author with the PAR index The perceived treatment difficulty and the estimated treatment duration on these dental models were evaluated by 8 experienced orthodontists. The relationships between the objective malocclusion severity and the subjective treatment difficulty were statistically evaluated. and the weighted values of malocclusion components to reflect treatment difficulty were statistically formulated. There were significant relationships between objective malocclusion severity and subjective treatment difficulty The malocclusion components which significantly affected the treatment difficulty and their weighted values in parentheses were as follows upper anterior alignment(1). overbite (2). buccal occlusion (3) middline (4), and overjet (5). This study Provides the fundamental principle to evaluate the objective malocclusion severity which is reflected by the subjective treatment difficulty of Korean orthodontists.