• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2009

A total of 486 milk records were collected from 16 diary farms in Imsil-gun, Jeollabuk-do. Results obtained were as follows: The average 3MG (amount of milk within the first three minute) was 7.44 kg and 55% of total milk yield was produced within 3 min. The average of SPL (% of foam in milk) was 33.93% and the average of MNG (strip yield) was 0.14 kg, which was less than 1% of total milk yield. The averages of HMF (highest milk flow), HMG (maximum milk flow rate in one minute) and DMHG (average milk flow in the main milking phase) were 3.03 kg/min, 2.94 kg/min and 2.05 kg/min, respectively and the average milking speed in Imsil-gun was slower than other regions. The average of tS500(time to reach 0.5 kg/min at beginning) was 0.23min (about 14 seconds) and that of tMGG (duration of the total milking) was 7.75min. The average tMBG (duration of the dry milking phase) was 0.58 min (35 seconds) and that of tMNG (duration of the stripping phase) was 0.42min (14 seconds). The averages of ELHMF (electrical conductivity at highest milk flow) and ELAP (beginning peak level of the electrical conductivity) were 6.81 mS/cm and 7.58 mS/cm, respectively. The average of ELMAX (maximum electrical conductivity) was 7.48 mS/cm and that of ELAD (beginning peak difference of the electrical conductivity) was 0.61 mS/cm. While the total milk yields for DMHG, tMHG (duration of the main milking phase), tPL (duration of the plateau phase), tAB (duration of the descending phase) and tMGG were positively correlated (0.35~0.54), those for tMBG and SPL were negatively correlated (-0.11 and -0.27). As the DMHG increased, tMHG, tPL, tAB, tMGG and SPL decreased. While the cows with higher electrical conductivity at the beginning of milking had less somatic cell counts, cows with higher electrical conductivity after the peak of milk yield had more somatic cell counts. The results of this experiment indicated that through milking based on milking and lactating standards and the regular checking of milking status, the qualities of milk and milk yields could be improved.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

Companies have been making considerable efforts to develop innovative products for better competitiveness in the market, however, the education curriculum for innovative product development (IPD) in domestic universities needs has not been well developed. The present study was intended to identify the needs of students and practitioners regarding teaching subjects, pedagogical methods, and industry-academia collaboration that can be reflected in the development of IPD education curriculum. Through a literature survey 46 IPD teaching subjects of 7 categories (planning, feasibility analysis, concept development, product design, manufacturing process design, production, and ethics & law) were selected. Opinions on the preferences and importances of the teaching subjects, pedagogical methods, and industry-academia collaboration were collected from 53 college students who took courses of product development and 36 practitioners working in product development. While the students preferred the balanced teaching of all the subject categories, the practitioners suggested planning and concept development be taught with high importance; 6 subjects (product development strategy, customer needs identification, market research, concept generation method, design ideation method, and ergonomic design) received high ratings of preference and importance. The students preferred the mix of various pedagogical methods (lecture, discussion, presentation, practice, and case study) and provided needs on each pedagogical method. Lastly, the students wanted an opportunity of learning through industry-academia collaboration and the practitioners provided ideas for mutual benefits between industry and academia. The needs of students and practitioners identified in the study can be effectively applied to develop a better IPD education curriculum.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigative the effects of retinol supplement to IVM and/or IVC medium on maturation, fertilization and development of pig oocytes. North Carolina State University (NCSU) 23 medium containing porcine follicular fluid (pFF) was used as base medium. Each 1 uM, 5 uM and 10 uM concentration of retinol was supplemented to IVM and /or IVC medium. When the retinol was supplemented to maturation medium, the maturation rates were not different (p>0.05) among treatment groups ($66.7{\pm}6.0{\sim}69.2{\pm}5.3%$), but the developmental rate to blastocyst stage was higher (p<0.05) in $5{\mu}M$ group ($20.4{\pm}2.6%$) than in 0 uM ($13.6{\pm}2.1%$) and 10 uM groups ($9.7{\pm}1.7%$). Moreover, total cell number was significantly greater (p<0.05) in the 5 uM group ($37.0{\pm}1.6$) than in the other groups ($29.8{\pm}1.0{\sim}33.2{\pm}1.0$). Retinol supplement to maturation medium did not significantly affect the rates of fertilization and polyspermy (p>0.05). When the retinol was supplemented to culture medium or both maturation and culture medium, the rates of cleavage, and develop to morula and blastocyst stage were not affected, while those of 10 uM group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). These results indicate that 5 uM retinol supplement in maturation medium significantly stimulates embryo development, also improves the total cell number of blastocyst stage in pig.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.410-417
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• 2010

Various functional foods, marketing health and functional effects, have been distributed in the market. These products, being in forms of foods, tablets, and capsules, are likely to be mistaken as drugs. In addition, non-experts may sell these as foods, or use these for therapy. Efforts for creating health food regulations or building regulatory system for improving the current status of functional foods have been made, but these have not been communicated to consumers yet. As a result, problems of circulating functional foods for therapy or adding illegal medical to such products have persisted, which has become worse by internet media. The cause of this problem can be categorized into (1) product itself and (2) its use, but in either case, one possible cause is lack of communications with consumers. Potential problems that can be caused by functional foods include illegal substances, hazardous substances, allergic reactions, considerations when administered to patients, drug interactions, ingredients with purity or concentrations too low to be detected, products with metabolic activations, health risks from over- or under-dose of vitamin and minerals, and products with alkaloids. (Journal of Health Science, 56, Supplement (2010)). The reason why side effects related to functional foods have been increasing is that under-qualified functional food companies are exaggerating the functionality for marketing purposes. KFDA has been informing consumers, through its web pages, to address the above mentioned issues related to functional foods, but there still is room for improvement, to promote proper use of functional foods and avoid drug interactions. Specifically, to address these issues, institutionalizing to collect information on approved products and their side effects, settling reevaluation systems, and standardizing preclinical tests and clinical tests are becoming urgent. Also to provide crucial information, unified database systems, seamlessly aggregating heterogeneous data in different domains, with user interfaces enabling effective one-stop search, are crucial.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

In this research, we applied a procedure of quality control (QC) to the agro-meteorological data measured at the Suwon weather station of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The QC was conducted through six steps based on the KMA Real-time Quality control system for Meteorological Observation Data (RQMOD) and four steps based on the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) QC modules. In addition, we set up our own empirical method to remove erroneous data which could not be filtered by the RQMOD and ISMN methods. After all these QC procedures, a well-refined agro-meteorological dataset was complied at both air and soil temperatures. Our research suggests that soil moisture requires more detailed and reliable grounds to remove doubtful data, especially in winter with its abnormal variations. The raw data and the data after QC are now available at the NCAM website (http://ncam.kr/page/req/agri_weather.php).

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.37-60
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• 2007

This study has been historically reviewed the clothing and textiles education through references. The clothing and textiles education had been informally offered as a part of household skill, skill of daily life and home skill before the law of school education was established. Therefore, we have reviewed the changes in the clothing and textiles education by separating the prior period between the end of the old Korea and the liberation in 1945, from the later period from the liberation up to now. And also contents of clothing and textiles education between before and after the revision of the 7th curriculum were compared and analyzed. The clothing and textiles education had put emphasis on sewing, handicraft and household during the prior period from the end of the old Korea to the liberation, but after liberation, it became involved in Home Economics Education. The number of classes and the contents of clothing and textiles education had been increased and deepened from the 1st term to the 5th term of curriculum. In particular, the 4th and 5th term of curriculum became a turning point where home life section was intensified. Even though the number of classes was reduced during the 6th term of curriculum, with increase in target school grades for this education, and Home Economics in the middle school remained an independent subject matter. However, during the 7th term of curriculum, Technology-Home Economics Education in the middle school courses led to losing independent subject name and shrinking its contents. Through the revision in the 7th curriculum, the clothing and textiles education achieved great improvement and progress by gaining balance in distribution of contents among school grades and balance between theory and practice. However it still remains as an issue to be more studied and resolved how well the contents are matched with the interests and attention of students. We need to consider and reflect request of students under learner-centered curriculum. Considering enormous changes in the environment surrounding the clothing and textiles education, it is crystal clear that the gap between existing contents of education and teaching methods and our real life will be widened. Because students' perceptions of value have been diversified, it is our task to develop better contents and learning system in order to help students have interests, attention and desire in clothing and textiles life in line with social needs for desirable clothing and textiles education.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.133-147
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect on the evaluation of a female teachers' role-performance based on appearance according to the clothing attitude of students and their parents. Based on the results of this study a female teachers' role-performance evaluation can be broken down into four ability areas: leaning guidance, living guidance, human relations, and learning management. Likewise the clothing attitudes of students and their parents can be divided into three groups, the clothing oriented group, the trend-individuality group, and the chastity oriented group. The trend-individuality group of students felt that female teachers' appearances have a significant effect on learning guidance and human relations ability while parents thought that there was little relationship or that it has a moderate effect on the role of learning guidance. Because the concerns of students and parents about female teachers' clothing has an effect on female teachers' role performance evaluation, when directing a student group with a high concern for clothing, female teachers need to be sensitive about their appearances and it's affect on learning guidance, human relations, and class management. Based on these results, students and parents felt that female teachers' appearances have an effect on their role performance according to their clothing attitudes.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.61-76
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• 2007

The purpose of the study is to identify and understand problems existing in the middle school home economics practice rooms in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The findings are based on the examination and the analysis of the indoor environment and the condition of the facilities and equipment. Study method employs on-site research and a survey. The on-site research was conducted about temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination, and status of teaching instrument in 10 out of 41 middle schools in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province from August 16 to September 30, 2006. Meanwhile, the survey was implemented by mail for 95 teachers in charge of manual training and home economics education in 41 middle schools in Jeju from November 1 to 23, 2005. 64 questionnaires out of total 95 were collected, including those collected during the period of on-site research. Finally, 61 questionnaires which were effective among the answered ones were used for analysis. Collected materials were analyzed with the SPSS Win.12.0 program for frequency, percentile analysis. In conclusion, the study determines that the condition of the home economics practice rooms of the middle school in JSSGP in terms of temperature, humidity, lighting and ventilation is very inadequate. The structure of the practice room represents an inefficient work flow pattern. Further, the facilities and equipment are in a very poor condition because the facilities are old and the retention rate of teaching tools is low. Therefore, to address these problems, the study suggests that improvements on the facilities and equipment should be made and teaching tools should be replenished in accordance with the industry standard.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.160-197
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to review research trends and issues of economic geography in Korea for the last fifty years by sub-fields of agricultural geography, industrial geography, commercial and service geography, and transportation geography. Research in Korean economic geography has progressed significantly in terms of the scope and the number of papers published during the last a half a century. Agricultural geography was a leading field of economic geography in Korea before mid-1970s. Since the mid-1970s, however, agricultural geography has turned over the leading role in economic geography to industrial geography. Classification and structure of agricultural region has been the most popular research theme in Korea, even though diverse topics has been dealt in the research of agricultulal geography in Korea during the last fifty years. In recent years, emphasis is given to study on the dynamics of agricultural region and regional differentiation of part-time farming. It is suggested that the future issues of research in agricultural geography in Korea are agricultural restructuring and changes in agricultural space under the WTO system, changes in rural area and agricultural region with the progress of informatization, changes in agricultural structures and rural society by the increase of part-time farming, governments agricultulal policy and its impacts, competitive advantages of Korean agricultulal products, and environmental impacts of agricultural restructuring. Research in industrial geography has remarkably progressed since the 1980s. Locational changes, regional industrial structure and formation of industrial region were the major topics of interest in the research of industrial geography in Korea before 1980. Since the early 1980s, in addition to the topics which were interested in before 1980, changes of industrial organization and industrial location, changes of production systems and industrial space development of high technology industries and science parks, industrial restructuring and regional economy, foreign direct investments, industrial linkages and industrial districts, and industrial policy and regional development have been the major research themes of industrial geography in Korea. Considerable number of papers has been published both in Korean journals and in foreign journals during this period. Considering global changes in the organization of industrial space, future research should be more focused on firms strategy for regaining competitive advantages, local and global perspectives of industry, industry and environmental changes, in addition to the topics which have been dealt in recent years. Research in commercial and service geography and transportation geography was negligible in Korea before the late 1970s. These two sub-fields in economic geography have begun to develop since 1980s. Periodic markets, structure of commercial area, and distribution of products were the major topics of interest in the 1980s in the commercial and service geography in Korea. In the 1990s, however reserch in producer services has been active with growth of producer services in Korean economy. It is suggested that regional changes with progress of informatization and technology, changes of international trade and regional changes, development of efficient distribution system, role of producer services in regional development, and network of producer services are the major issues to be studied in the future in the field of commercial and service geography in Korea. Commuting, distribution of products, and transportation networks have been the major topics of research in transportation geography in Korea. Diverse quantitative techniques have been applied in the most of the researches in transportation geography. It is required that future studies in transportation geography should also focus on societal and behavioral issues, policy issues regional impacts of new transportation facilities, an analysis of transportation system at the global or international level. Since the 1980s economic geography in Korea has considerably progressed with publication of papers and books. The progress can be regarded as successful in quantitative aspect, but not in quantitative aspects. For the development of Korean economic geography in both quantitative and qualitative aspects, it is necessary to promote international collaborative researches and interdisciplinary cooperations. Attention should also be given to the research on changes in competitive advantages and economic restructuring, changes of economic space with the development of high technology and the progress of informatization. economic development and culture. and foreign regional studies.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to discriminate clinically and radiographically among the three groups of dentigerous cysts studied. First, Group I, involved area of dentigerous cyst was successive permanent tooth area beneath deciduous tooth. Second, Group II, involved permanent molar area, and the last, Group III involved maxillary anterior supernumerary tooth area. The author observed and compared the clinico-radiographic features of 49 cases of Group I, 36 cases of Group II, and 15 cases of Group III of dentigerous cyst and this observation and comparison had been done by based on the charts and panoramic films. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The cases of Group I were 29 cases and, those of Group II were 36 and those of Group III were 15. 2. The incidence of dentigerous cyst is high in first decade. In Group I, before first decade and early first decade was 87.8%, in Group II and Group III, was discovered more lately. 3. The frequency of dentigerous cyst is 2.5 times higher in male than in female. 4. The sequence of chief complaint was swelling(50%), routine examination(32%), and pain(9%). 5. When considering the type of the cyst, lateral type is many most in Group I (71.4%) and central type is many most in Group II (94.4%) and Group III (100%). 6. The most size of dentigerous cyst was 2 crown size in Group I, 1 crown size in Group II, above of 4 crown size in Group III. 7. Almost involved teeth showed displacement and some tooth of displaced teeth showed delayed root development and dilaceration of root. 8. The most many response of alveolar bone was buccal bone expansion in Group I (67.3%), no bone expansion in Group II(66.7%) and palatal bone expansion in Group III (60.0%). 9. The percentage of involved teeth were as follows : The mandibular third molar was 31% and many most. The mandibular second premolar was 30%. Mesiodens of maxillary anterior area was 15%. The maxillary canine was 8%. The mandibular first premolar was 5%. 10. In the Group I, causes suggesting of dentigeous cyst are pulpotomized deciduous tooth(59.2%), severe dental caries of deciduous tooth, untreated traumatic history on the deciduous tooth etc. 11. The treatment method of dentigerous was marsupialization in 61.2% of cases of Group I and that was enucleation in 61.1% of cases of Group II and in 80.0% of cases of Group III.