• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2024

Recently, Metaverse technology has emerged as an important topic in various fields. Metaverse refers to a three-dimensional virtual space in which social and economic activities similar to the real world are possible. Among the 235 third-year students who applied the Metaversity app in the radiology department of this university from September to December 2023, 200 participated in a survey to determine the difference in student response and satisfaction when applying the Metaversity app. analyzed. First, the most satisfactory VOD viewing method was viewing through the Metaversity app, followed by viewing through the LMS. Second, 'I think online videos are appropriate for holiday reinforcement.' showed the highest score at 4.35±0.60, 'I want face-to-face classes and online classes to be held simultaneously.' was 4.25±0.87, and 'I think meta. 'I watched it well through the Metaversity app' was the lowest at 4.10±0.30, and 'VOD viewing through the Metaversity app was used appropriately in class' was the lowest at 3.99±0.75. Also, there was no significant difference in the response to the teaching method (p>0.05). Third, in terms of satisfaction with VOD viewing using the Metaversity app, 'Applying the Metaversity app was interesting and fun' ranked the highest at 4.24±0.88. The score was high, with 'Better improvement is needed to actively utilize the metaversity app' at 4.00±0.45, and 'I hope the metaversity app is implemented in other remote classes' at 3.77±0.88. appear. 'VOD classes through the Metaversity app are better than the existing LMS method.' was found to be 3.44±0.66. Additionally, there was no significant difference in satisfaction with classes according to age and gender (p>0.05). The correlation between response and satisfaction with the metaversity app is 0.601, which can be considered very significant (p>0.001). As a limitation of this study, although we surveyed students' satisfaction with using the Metaversity app, we were unable to investigate the satisfaction of instructors who interact with students. In the future, we did not consider the instructor's satisfaction in classes using the Metaversity app. Research must be conducted, and universities must have institutional support and continued interest until metaversity apps are selected and used to prepare for distance learning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.75 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1986

This study was initiated to estimate productivity of Quercus variabilis stand. However the practical objective of this study was to provide some information to establish the basis of selecting the suitable site for Quercus variabilis. The productivity measured in terms of DBH, height, basal area and stem volume was hypothesized, respectively, to be a function of a group of factors. This study considered 32 factors, 20 of which were related to the forest environmental factors such as tree age, latitude, percent slope, etc. and the rest of which were related to soil factors such as soil moisture, total nitrogen, available $P_2O_5$, etc. The data on 4 productivity measurements of Quercus variabilis growth and related factors cited were collected from 99 sample plots in Kyeongbook and chungbook provinces. Some factors considered were, in nature, discrete variables and the others continuous variables. Each kind of factor was classified into 3 or 4 categories and total numbers of such categories were eventually amounted to 110. Then each category was treated as an independent variable. This is amounted to saying that individual variable was treated a dummy variable and assigned a value 1 or 0. However the first category of each factor was deleted from the normal equation for statistical consideration. First of all, each of 4 productivity measurements of Quercus variabilis growth was regressed and, at the same time, those 110 categories. Secondly, the partial correlation coefficients were measured between each pair of 4 productivity measurements and 32 individual foctors. Finally, the relative scores were estimated in order to derive the category ranges. The result of these statistical analyses could be summarized as follows: 1) Growth measurement in terms of height seems to be a more significant criterion for estimation of productivity of Quercus variabilis. 2) Productivity of forest on stocked land may better be estimated in terms of forest environmental factors, on the other hand, that of unstocked land may be estimated in terms of physio-chemical factors of soil. 3) The factors that a strongly positive relation to all growth factors of tree are age group, effective soil, soil moisture, etc. This implies that these factors might effectively be used for criteria for selecting the suitable site for Quercus variabilis. 4) Parent rock, latitude, total nitrogen, age group, effective soil depth, soil moisture, organic matter, etc., had more significant category range for tree growth. Therefore, the suitable site for Quercus variabilis may be selected, based on this information. In conclusion, the above results obtained by the multivariable analysis can be not only the important criteria for estimating the growth of Quercus variabilis but also the useful guidance for selecting the suitable sites and performing the rational of Quercus variabilis forest.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 2007

Purpose : Early identification of developmental disabilities allows intervention at the earliest possible point to improve the developmental potential. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), a parent- completed questionnaire, can be used as a substitute for formal screening tests. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Korean version of the ASQ (K-ASQ) as a screening tool for detecting developmental delay of young Korean children in the setting of a busy pediatric outpatient clinic. Methods : Parents completed the K-ASQ in the waiting room of the pediatric outpatient clinic of St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College. Out of 150 completed the ASQ, 67 who were born term and had no previous diagnosis of developmental delay, congenital anomalies, or neurological abnormalities were enrolled. The cut-off values of less than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for the ASQ were used to define a "fail", and children who failed in one or more domains tested were classified as "screen-positive". Diagnosis of developmental delay was made when the developmental indices fell below -1 SD of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. Results : (1) The mean age of children was $16.4{\pm}7.4$ months. Ten children (14.9%) were small-for- gestational age infants. The mean birth weight and gestational age were $3.1{\pm}0.6kg$ and $38.8{\pm}1.4$ weeks. Nine children (13.4%) were twins and 33 (49.0%) were male. The mean maternal education in years was $13.6{\pm}2.4$, and 31.3% had full-time jobs. The time for completing the ASQ was $10.2{\pm}3.0$ minutes. (2) Seventeen children (25.4%) were classified as screen-positive, four of them were delayed in development. Among eight children diagnosed with developmental delay, four were screen-positive and the other four were screen-negative by the ASQ. (3) The test characteristics of the ASQ were as follows: sensitivity (50.0%); specificity (78.0%); positive predictive value (23.5%); negative predictive value (92.0%). Conclusion : The high negative predictive value of the K-ASQ supports its use as a screening tool for developmental delay in the setting of a pediatric outpatient clinic.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.516-524
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• 2014

Workers' oral health is important to guarantee workers' right of health and increase productivity. The aim of this study was to investigate recognition and satisfaction of national oral examination for workers in Incheon and Daejeon. Three hundred seventy-nine workers who were selected by convenience cluster sampling answered the questionnaire about experience, recognition and satisfaction of national health examination and oral examination by self recording type. A total of 76.0 percent of the subjects had national health examination, and 51.7% had national oral examination. A total of 64.9 percent had experienced notice about national health examination from the company, and 28.2% about national oral examination. The subjects had high positive score about intention of treatment, dental scaling, and change of toothbrushing method depending on oral examination, need of national health and oral examination, and usefulness to one's health through national health and oral examination. Office workers, regular workers, and the workers with monthly income more than 2 million won had more notice about national health and oral examination compared with sales and production workers, contract workers and the workers with monthly income less than 2 million won. We suggest institutional management of the notice about national oral examination be needed, especially for economically poor, or contract workers to increase the ratio to have national oral examination.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2002

Purpose : The aim of this study was to identify the brain areas in which reductions of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were correlated with decline of general mental function, measured by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Materials and Methods : Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT was peformed in 9 probable AD patients at the initial and follow-up periods of 1.8 years (average) after the first study. MMSE scores were also measured in both occasions. The mean MMSE score of the initial study 16.4 (range: 5 - 24) and the mean MMSE score of the follow-up was 8.1 (range: 0 - 17). Each SPECT image was normalized to the cerebellar activity and a correlation analysis was peformed between the level of rCBF in AD patients and the MMSE scores by voxel-based analysis using SPM99 software. Results : Significant correlation was found between the blood-flow decrease in left inferior prefrontal region (BA 47) and left middle temporal legion (BA 21) and the MMSE score changes. Additional areas such as anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, precuneus, and bilateral superior and middle prefrontal regions showed the similar trends. Conclusions : A relationship was found between reduction of regional cerebral blood flow in left prefrontal and temporal areas and decline of cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease(AD) patients. This voxel-based analysis is useful in evaluating the progress of cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

This study was performed to analyze the physical attributes of the faces and affective words on the fares. For analyzing physical attributes inside of a face, 36 facial features were selected and almost of them were the lengths or distance values. For analyzing facial contour 14 points were selected and the lengths from nose-end to them were measured. The values of these features except ratio values normalized by facial vortical length or facial horizontal length because the face size of each person is different. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed and four major factors were extracted: 'facial contour' component, 'vortical length of eye' component, 'facial width' component, 'eyebrow region' component. We supposed the five-dimensional imaginary space of faces using factor scores of PCA, and selected representative faces evenly in this space. On the other hand, the affective words on faces were collected from magazines and through surveys. The factor analysis and multidimensional scaling method were performed and two orthogonal dimensions for the affections on faces were suggested: babyish-mature and sharp-soft.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.385-391
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance and performance of sanitation management within childcare center foodservice facilities in Gyeongbuk province. The survey involved 248 people who participated in the food hygiene and safety education for childcare center managers in Gyeongbuk province from June to July 2010. A total of 236 survey papers were analyzed statistically by SPSS program. By the method, t-test and importance-performance analysis (IPA) was performed. Among the respondents, facility managers are 40s (41.9%) which accounted the most percentage, and for the type of facility, the largest amount was home (39.9%). The number of preschool children who are under 20 people accounted for 45.3% and food service staffs were accounted for 36.7%. No significant differences were observed for the four items on the IPA, except for the topics "the immediate deal with trash and leftover food" and "minimizing time (within 2 hours) for distribution after cooking" (p<0.001). The average score on the IPA was 4.14 points, and the average score for the importance of the evaluation was 4.49 points out of 5. Finally, childcare facility managers are aware of the importance that is lower than can be done. The results suggest that continuing education is necessary to administrators to manage the health care facility effectively.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2010

Purpose : To generate a Korean specific brain template, especially in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by optimizing the voxel-based analysis. Materials and Methods : Three-dimensional T1-weighted images were obtained from 123 subjects who were 43 cognitively normal subjects and patients with 44 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 36 AD. The template and the corresponding aprior maps were created by using the matched pairs approach with considering differences of age, gender and differential diagnosis (DDX). We measured several characteristics in both our and the MNI templates, including in the ventricle size. Also, the fractions of gray matter and white matter voxels normalized by the total intracranial were evaluated. Results : The high resolution template and the corresponding aprior maps of gray matter, white matter (WM) and CSF were created with the voxel-size of $1{\times}1{\times}1\;mm$. Mean distance measures and the ventricle sizes differed between two templates. Our brain template had less gray matter and white matter areas than the MNI template. There were volume differences more in gray matter than in white matter. Conclusion : Gray matter and/or white matter integrity studies in populations of Korean elderly and patients with AD are needed to investigate with this template.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.420-436
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the status of task performance and working conditions for nutrition teachers in order to determine new ways to improve the current nutrition system and increase job satisfaction among teachers. From the 14th of July to the 26th of September 2014, email questionnaires were distributed to and collected from 311 nutrition teachers nationwide, including teachers at elementary, middle, and high schools. The results are as follows. First, over 90% of nutrition teachers indicated that their work was demanding. In particular, 63.5% of nutrition teachers at high schools worked more than 40 hours of overtime per month. Second, 73% of nutrition teachers provided nutrition education, but the percentage significantly decreased at upper levels of school. Nutrition teachers had difficulties teaching due to the absence of standard teaching materials and a lack of time due to excessive work. Teachers also wanted 30 hours of job training once per year during their vacation organized by the regional Department of Education. Third, around half of the nutrition teachers considered that promotion and transfer professions are necessary for systematic foodservice and education. An additional allowance was demanded by nutrition teachers at schools that serve two or three meals per day. Considering the results, alleviating the workload of nutrition teachers and more time preparing nutrition classes for student are required. Fair evaluation of job performance that considers work conditions of nutrition teachers should be considered.