• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.117-117
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• 2004

일반적으로 접촉 피로 마멸은 구름 또는 미끄럼 접촉시 작용하는 반복 응력에 의해 표면과 표면 아래에 균열이 형성되고 성장 및 합체의 과정을 거쳐 표면의 일부가 떨어져 나가는 손상으로 기어나 캠-롤러, 구름 베어링과 같이 구름-미끄럼 접촉상태로 운전하는 기계요소에서 가장 중요하게 고려되어야 할 파손 메커니즘이다. 특히 기어나 구름 베어링 같이 고주기 접촉 피로 특성을 지니는 기계요소의 수명은 피로수명 실험과 통계적 기법을 이용한 Weibull 이론을 기초로 한 수명식을 대부분 사용하고 있다.(중략)

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 1989

구름접촉 피로는 반복적인 구름 접촉에 의해 나타나는 것으로서 피로의 원인이 되는 반복 하중이 두 물체의 반복적인 접촉에 의해서 일어난다는 점 때문에 일반적으로 피로연구 분야에서 다루 어지지 않고 마멸, 마찰 연구 분야에서 다루어지고 있다 구름접촉 피로현상이 나타나는 실제 예로서 베어링, 철도레일 등이 있다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.744-749
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 고주파 유도경화처리한 중탄소강의 회전접촉 피로거동을 0.44wt.%C강과 0.55wt.%C강을 사용하여 조사하였다. 회전접촉 피로시험은 Polymet RCF-1 시험기에서 탄성유체 윤활 조건으로 회전속도 8,000rpm, 최대 Hertz응력 492kg/m$m^2$을 가하면서 실시하였다. 미세한 lath마르텐사이트가 고주파 유도경화한 0.44wt.%C강과 0.55wt.%C강의 표면경화층에 형성되었고 소량의 페라이트가 일부 형성되었으며 0.44wt.%C강과 0.55wt.%C에 비해 비교적 큰 페라이트가 나타났다. 회전접촉 피로시험 후 표면경도가 거의 유지되는 표면경화층에서 회전접촉 피로시험전에 비해 경도가 상승하였다. 이 경도증가량의 최대치($\Delta$ Hv$_{max}$)와 피로수명과의 관계를 조사한 결과 0.55wt.%C강이 0.44wt.%C강에 비해 회전접촉 피로중에 일어나는 소변형에 대한 높은 저항성에 주로 기인하여 $\Delta$ Hv$_{max}$값은 낮게 나타나고 피로수명은 높게 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.61-66
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• 1999

반복 응력 상태 아래서 알루미나 세라믹의 피로 표면손상 누적현상이 분석되었다. 연속 미끄럼 접촉 시에 발생하는 응력 상태를 재현하기 위해서 동시에 작용하는 수직-수평 반복 압축하중 기법이 사용되었다. 알루미나 구와 평판의 접촉면에서 알루미나 미세 결정의 피로 파손에 의한 마모 입자 형성 기구가 관찰되었고, 반복하중의 횟수와 수직-수평 하중비가 커질수록 마모량은 증가하였다. 반복 접촉하중에 의한 표면손상 누적이 접촉 수직 변위 측정으로 정량화 되었다. 두 접촉 구조물의 강성 (하중-변위 선도의 기울기) 변화가 두 재질의 탄성계수의 변화로 표현되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.546-553
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• 2007

The objective of the present paper is to evaluate the effect of the evolution of contact surface profile by fretting wear on the contact stress distribution and fatigue crack initiation site of press-fitted shaft by means of an analytical method based on experimental data. A finite element analysis was performed to analyze the stress states of press-fitted shaft, considering the worn contact surface profiles of shaft. The evolutions of contact stress as wearing of contact surface were analyzed by finite element analysis and fatigue crack nucleation sites were evaluated by fretting fatigue damage parameter (FFDP) md multiaxial fatigue criteria. It is found that the stress concentration of a contact edge in press-fitted sha손 decreases rapidly at the initial stage of total fatigue life, and its location shifts from the contact edge to the inside due to fretting wear as increasing of fatigue cycles. Thus the transition of crack nucleation position in press-fitted shaft is mainly caused by stress change of a contact edge due to the evolution of contact surface profile by fretting wear. Therefore, it is suggested that the nucleation of multiple cracks on fretted surface of press fits is strongly related to the evolution of surface profile at the initial stage of total fatigue life.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.601-611
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• 2007

Most of mechanically jointed aircraft structures are always encountered the fretting damages on the contact surfaces between two jointed structural members or at the edges of fastener holes. The partial slip and contact stresses associated with fretting contact can lead to severe reduction in service lifetime of aircraft structures. Thus a critical need exists for predicting fretting crack initiation in mechanically jointed aircraft structures, which requires characterizing both the near-surface mechanics and intimate relationship with fretting parameters. In this point of view, a series of fretting fatigue specimen tests for 2024-T351 Al-alloy, have been conducted to validate a mechanics-based model for predicting fretting fatigue life. And included in this investigaion were elasto-plastic contact stress analyses using commercial FEA code to quantify the stress and strain fields in subsurface to evaluate the fretting fatigue crack initiation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.512-520
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• 2017

On a typical railway, trains travel using the friction between the wheel and the rail. Contact pressure is generated between the wheel and the rail, and the magnitude of the contact pressure changes depending on the weight, speed, wheel-set hunting, and contact point of the vehicle. In this study, the contact characteristics were analyzed through the finite element analysis for the wheel/rail system on curved track, and fatigue damage and wear rate of wheel/rail according to contact pressure were analyzed through rolling contact fatigue test. Results indicate that, general and heat treated rails showed higher wear rate than wheels, and general and heat treated rail wear rate increased rapidly over a certain number of repetitions. In addition, the general rail wear rate was about 7 ~ 15% higher than that of the heat treated rail, and a regression equation for the rail wear rate with the contact pressure in the contact pressure range of 900 ~ 1,500 MPa was presented.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.279-294
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• 2008

This study aimed to make an analysis of the occlusion in the state of muscle fatigue produced by excessive mouth opening and clenching during the dental treatment to control the dental pain and to evaluate the sensory nerve in the muscle pain state. Most of the reasons why patients visit the dental office result in pain-either conceivably the dental origin pain or the non-dental origin pain. The dental offices have many therapeutic actions to produce the masticatory muscle fatigue for the treatment. Dental treatment with long minutes of mouth opening can cause some headaches, masticatory muscle pain and mouth opening difficulties. Patients with mastication problems who visits a dental office to alleviate pain run against another unexpected pain with other aspects. This study uses T-scan II system(Tekscan Co., USA) for the evaluation on the occlusal pattern in the experimental muscle fatigue after clenching, opening the mouth excessively and chewing gum. The occlusal contact pattern is analyzed by the contact timing, namely first, intercuspal, maximum and end point of contact. This inspection was performed at frequencies of 2000Hz, 250 Hz and 5 Hz before and after each experimental muscle pain was produced to 24 subjects who had normal occlusion without the orthodontic treatment or a wide range of the prosthesis by using $neurometer^{\circledR}$ CPT/C(Neurotron, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland, USA). The measuring sites were mandibular nerve experimental muscle fatigue respectively. This study could obtain the following results after the assessment of occlusion and sensory nerve of the experimental muscle fatigue. 1. There were the fastest expression after the excessive mouth opening in muscle fatigue and after tooth clenching in muscle pain. In the visual analog scale that records the subjective level, there was the highest scale after the clenching in the muscle fatigue in jumping off the point of pain. 2. Tooth contact time, contact force, relative contact force on the point of the first contact had no difference, and there were decreases in the contact force after the excessive mouth opening on intercuspal position point, after the excessive mouth opening and the gum chewing on the point of the maximum, and in the contact time after all the experimental muscle fatigue state on the point of the end contact. 3. There was no statistic significance in the current perception threshold before and after the experimental muscle fatigue. 4. There was no significant difference in the contact number, the maximal contact number on the point of the first contact, and the contact number after the mouth opening and gum chewing on the point of the intercuspal position and the contact number after the experimental muscle fatigue on the maximum point, and showed significant decreases. In conclusion, it was found that the occlusal pattern can cause the changes on the case of the clinical muscle weakness by intra-external oral events. It was important that the sedulous attention to details is required during dental treatment in case of excessive mouth opening, mastication and clenching.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.224-228
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• 1997

Rolling contact fatigue tests were performed for two types silicon nitrides using disk- type specimens. Materials showed a fatigue behaviour similar to that typically found in metallic materials From the fractographic and metallographic observations, it has been found that the crack initation in the silicon nitrides subjected to rolling contact fatigue is to be induced by cyclic subsurface shear stress, as is known in steel bearing. On the mid-sections of the specimens, many subsurface cracks which lay parallel to the contact surface can be found at a depth where fluctuation of the Herzian shear stress was the maximum.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.493-498
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• 2011

구름접촉피로는 차륜과 레일의 반복적인 접촉으로 인하여 발생하는 표면손상현상으로 점차 증가하는 레일손상 중 하나이다. 접촉마모 및 주기적 그라인딩보다 균열의 성장속도가 더 빨라 균열진전이 시작되는 최소균열크기(minimum crack size for growth)는 레일의 파괴방지 및 유효한 유지보수전략을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용된다. 본 연구에서는 최소균열크기를 예측하기 위하여 차륜레일의 접촉에 영향을 미치는 주요 파라미터를 변화시키면서 최소균열크기의 변화를 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 Fletcher와 Kapoor의 "2.5D"모델을 적용한 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어를 개발하였으며, 최대접촉하중(1174MPa), 표면마찰계수(0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4), 잔류응력, 접촉에 의한 표면마모(1.0nm/cycle), 그라인딩량(0.3mm/10MGT)을 파라미터로 하여 해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과 최소균열크기는 해석조건에 따라 1.41-1.95mm로 계산되었다.