• 한국해양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 1990

Sound velocities and attenuation coefficients of marine surface sediments were calculated from insitu acoustic experiments on 4 nearshore areas off Pohang, Pusan Yeosu, and Kunsan around the Korean Peninsula. The relationship between these values and physical properties of sediments was examined and attenuation mechanism was analysed using the estimated gas content. Sound velocities and attenuation coefficients ranging from 1470 to 1616 m/sec and 0.0565 to 0.6604 dB/kHz-m, respectively, are well related to sediment types. The attenuation coefficient is maximum in coarse silts, and the sound velocity increases with density. The gas content estimated less than 8 ppm increases with the decreasing sediment grain size. When the sediment size is greater than fine sand, sound attenuation is mostly due to friction losses, and probably negligible viscous loss remains unchanged with the varying physical properties of sediments. The maximum attenuation in coarse silts result from both friction loss and cohesion of finer sediments between the contacts of silt grains. The cohesion begins to be the dominant dissipative process with decreasing grain size from medium and fine silts.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 서해안 폐기물 매립지 하부의 점성토와 고화차수재를 재료로 수행된 확산시험 결과와 현장 조건을 적용하여 오염물이동성에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 무기화합물이 하부 차수재와 원지반퇴적층으로 이동되는 일차원 이동 특성을 대상으로 하였으며 일차원 용질이동해석 프로그램 CDFD(convection-dispersion finite difference)를 현장의 비균질한 지층에 이용할 수 있도록 수정하여 적용하였다. 그 결과 원지반점성토를 통한 용질이동 메카니즘에 확산이 기여하는 정도가 50%로 매우 큰 영향을 갖고 있음을 보여주며 원지반 투수계수가 클수록 인공차수층의 필요성이 증대됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Water for future
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.119-127
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• 1990

The concentration of cohesive suspended sediment is determined by the circulation of water and the material dispersion. The equations of the two-dimensional, depth-integrated dispersive transport are the Reynolds equation, continuity equation, and advection-dispersion equation based on the Fick's law. A finite difference method has been applied to two models of circulation and dispersion transport. The circulation model is solved by the explicit scheme and the dispersion transport model is solved by multi-operational scheme. It is investigated wheter advective terms are included when the equation of circulation is applied to the model. For advection-dispersion equation, it was also investigated about variations of suspended sediment concentration with respect to the critical shear stresses.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2013

The erosion, suspension, and transport of sediment frequently occur in the coastal waters and estuarine. These processes often generate the so-called fluid mud layer, which is defined as a high-concentration aqueous suspension of fine grained sediment (> 10 g/l), consisting mainly of silt and clay-size particles. Therefore the high-resolution ultrasound is mostly used to detect or monitor the fluid mud layer. Because the sound attenuation tends to increase rapidly with the suspended sediment concentration, it is necessary to consider the accurate attenuation correction to estimate the backscattering strengths from the suspended sediment layers. In this paper, the volume backscattering strengths with various suspended sediment concentrations were measured using 5-MHz ultrasound signal in a small-scale water tank. The sound attenuation due to the viscosity and scattering from suspended sediment particles was predicted by the Richard's model and applied to the sonar equation to estimate the volume backscattering strengths from the suspended sediment concentrations. For the case that the additional attenuation was not considered, the volume backscattering strengths increased to the concentration of 20 g/l, and over this point, the backscattering strengths were roughly constant. However, for the case that the attenuation due to the suspended sediment concentration was considered, the backscattering strengths increased with the concentration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 1997

Existing theories and experimental results on mud bed consolidation, fluidization and erosion are briefly reviewed. The importance of the history of bed shear strength profile which experiences periodic and random consolidation and fluidization is qualitatively discussed by reanalyzing a field data set in Youngkwang area of Korea. According to the results of existing laboratory experiments and the reanalyzing, the numerical modelling of mud or pollutant transport without considering consolidation and fluidization may cause the time lag between the hydrodynamic forcing and the increment of sediment and bed-originated pollutant concentrations in water column. The time lag can derive serious error in the transport direction, consequently in the budget of a heavy-concentrated bottom-originated substance, especially in macrotidal environments with relatively high wave energy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.252-256
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• 2018

호우 시 산지하천 유역에서 빈발하는 토석류에 따라 하천 흐름에 들어온 전석과 같이 상대적으로 큰 물체는 하류로 이송되거나 하상에 퇴적하여 기존 흐름과 하상을 변화시키는 교란요인이 된다. 따라서 산지하천 흐름에서 전석의 영향을 예측하는 것이 필요하나 이는 유속, 전석의 크기와 형상, 유입조건, 부유사 농도 등 수 많은 변수들에 영향을 받기 때문에 그 경로를 정확히 예측하기 어렵다. 이 연구는 유리와 철로 된 구형물체가 개수로 흐름에서 이동하는 경로를 조사한 것이며 흐름의 수심, 물체의 크기와 초기침강조건을 고려하여 수리실험을 실시하고 물체의 이동경로와 유하거리를 분석하였다. 개수로 흐름에 유입한 구형 물체는 침강에 의한 항력과 유수에 의한 항력을 동시에 받는다. 이 힘은 물체의 형상, 유수의 점성, 난류, 물체와 물의 밀도차가 복합적으로 작용한 결과이며 구체의 이동경로와 시간을 좌우한다. 실험결과 개수로 흐름에서 낙하중인 구형물체는 하상에 가까워질수록 흐름방향 이동거리가 증가하였다. 물체의 수중무게가 작을수록 유수 중에서 체류하는 시간이 길고 이동거리가 더 크며, 구체에 작용하는 초기항력에 따라 초기 낙하각도와 이동거리가가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.138-138
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 유목과 연행침식을 고려한 토석류 수치모형을 개발하여 2011년 발생한 우면산 산사태의 관측데이터를 기반으로 수치모의를 수행하였다. 토석류 모형개발을 위해 천수방정식 기반의 침수모형인 Nays2DFlood 모형에 혼합유사농도의 이송확산, 토석류 지면전단응력, 연행침식모듈을 추가하였으며 유목생성과 유목거동 모의를 위해 입자법 기반의 유목동력학 모형을 결합하였다. 개발된 모형을 검증하기 위해, 민감도분석을 수행하였으며, 모의결과, 우면산 산사태 당시 래미안 APT에 피해를 끼친 충격수심과 충격유속, 최종 토석류 체적을 양호하게 재현한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 토석류를 구성하는 토사입경이 작을수록 토사점성에 의한 전단응력의 증가로 토석류 유속과 수심이 감소했지만 연행침식량이 증가하였으며, 토사입경이 증가하면 유속과 수심이 증가하고 연행침식량은 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구에서 개발된 토석류 거동모형은 토사입경, 침식 및 퇴적계수 등의 다양한 토석류 매개변수가 요구되기 때문에, 이러한 물성치 데이터가 현장 또는 실내실험에서 충분히 확보되어야 모형의 정확도가 향상될 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 향후 연구에서는 본 연구에서 고찰된 모형의 적용성과 한계점을 고려하여 토석류 거동을 예측모의 한다면 보다 세부적으로 토석류와 유목거동을 예측분석해 볼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 기후변화로 인한 강우발생의 불확실성과 이로 야기되는 토석류 발생을 사전에 예측하여 토석류 저감대응방안을 구축하는 일환으로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제106권4호
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• pp.424-430
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• 2017

With its rapid velocity and wide deposition, debris flow is a natural disaster that causes loss of human life and destruction of facility. To design effective debris barriers, impact force of debris flow should be first considered. Debris flow velocity is one of the key features to estimate the impact force of debris flow. In this study, we conducted small-scale flume experiments to analyze flow characteristics of debris flow, and determine flow resistance coefficients with different slope gradients and sediment mixtures. Flow velocity significantly varied with flume slope and mixture type. Debris flow depth decreased as slope increased, but difference in depth between sediment mixtures was not significant. Among flow resistance coefficients, Chezy coefficient ($C_1$) showed not only relatively highest goodness of fit, but also constant value ($20.19m^{-1/2}\;s^{-1}$) regardless the scale of debris flow events. The overall results suggested that $C_1$ can be most appropriately used to estimate flow velocity, the key factor of assessing impact force, in wide range of debris flow scale.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

One of the most serious problems with concrete small dams or barriers installed in small/median rivers is the deposit of sediments, especially, in Korea. An effective way to discharge such sediments to downstream is to construct a bypass pipe under the river bed. However, efficiency may become lowered if ripraps are entered into the bypass pipe. Therefore, in this study, we derived the threshold condition for the exclusion of ripraps from the bypass pipe using 3D numerical analysis. Upstream flow of the small dam was assumed to be stationary, and the energy concept was applied to the control volume containing the bypass pipe and its periphery. As a result, when the ratio of the water level difference between upstream and downstream to the diameter of the riprap was approximately equal to 1.2, the threshold condition for exclusion of the stones or riprap from the bypass pipe was affirmatively determined. If the characteristics of the adsorptive sediment adversely affecting the river environment in the future would be taken into account, results from this study are expected to put to practical use in the management of concrete small dam with bypass pipe system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2018

The particle based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, which follow Lagrangian approach for fluid dynamics, fluid particle behavior by tracking all particle calculation physical quantities of each particle. According to basic concept of particle based CFD method, it is difficult to satisfy continuum theory and measure influences from neighboring particle. Article number density and weight function were used to solve aforementioned issue. Difficulties continuum mean simulate non-continuum particles such as solid including granular and sand. In this regard, the particle based CFD method modified solid particle problems by replacing viscous and surface tension forces friction and drag forces. In this paper, particle interaction model for solid particle friction model implemented to simulate solid particle problems. The broken dam problem, which is common to verify particle based CFD method, used fluid or solid particles. The angle of repose was observed in the simulation results the solid particle not fluid particle.