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Transgastric Endoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Dog : Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (개에서 내시경을 이용한 경위장관 담낭절제술 1예 : 자연개구부 내시경수술)

  • Jeong, Seong-Mok;Kim, Young-Ill;Lee, Jae-Yeon;Jee, Hyun-Chul;Park, Ji-Young;Park, Jong-Heon;Kim, Ji-Yeon;Lee, Sang-Il;Kim, Myung-Cheol;Shin, Sang-Tae;Lee, Young-Won
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.315-319
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    • 2007
  • Transgastric endoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully accomplished in a 1-year-old, 15 kg, female, mongrel dog. Single-working channel flexible gastric endoscope was used with the aid of one abdominal laparoscopic port. Gastrotomy was performed using endoscopic needle knife at the ventral antral region. Through the gastric incision endoscope was advanced and retroflexed for the visualization of gallbladder. For the better exposure of surgical field, gentle traction was applied at the fundus of the gallbladder using laparoscopic grasping forceps. Cystic duct and artery was ligated using endoclips. After transecting the duct and artery, gallbladder was dissected using endoscopic coagulating grasping forceps and needle knife. Resected gallbladder was retrieved through the mouth and gastric incision site was sutured using endoclips. There was no evidence of bile leakage or stomach leakage on postoperative day (POD) 3. On POD 16, gastric endoscopy and laparoscopy was performed. Gastric endoscopy revealed complete adhesion of incision site. The content of the peritoneum appeared healthy, with no sign of infection, bile staining, or organ injury. The omentum was adhered over resected gallbladder fossa and the serosal surface of gastrotomy site. This is the first report of NOTES cholecystectomy in the dog and provides new concept of cholecystectomy of the dog.

The Recycling of Sludge from Granite Stone Cutting and Polishing (화강암 석재 가공 슬러지의 재활용)

  • 이성오;국남표;임영빈;신방섭
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.12-19
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    • 1995
  • This study was carried out to remove the iron and impurities usmg hydrocyclone and HGMS for recycling of sludge from the granite stone cutting and polishing industrγ in the basic of chemi떠1 analysis and minerallogical investigation. This sludge consist of 70.9% $SiO_2$ 13.6% $Al_2O_3$ and It also contained 2.52% of $Fe_2O_7$ and 0.29% of $TiO_2$, as a main impurities to decrease the whiteness. As the result of hydrocyclone experiment, It was very good condition that are 100~150 g/l of sludge amount, 2.0~ 2.5 mm of underflow nozzle size, and 1.2~1.6 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of pressure for 85% sludge product with the $-37{\mu}\textrm{m}$ size. $Fe_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$, contents by treatment of HGMS were decreased with 0.65% and 0.07% each at 10,000 gauss of magnetic field strength, and addih$\upsilon$n of Sodium tripolyphosphate as a dispersant was effected to get low grade F Fe,Ol and TiO, concentrate. PhYSIcal properties of this stone sludge product were showed 58.5% of whiteness, 1 13.4% of firing shrinkage and 3.0812 $\textrm{m}^2$/g of specific surface area.

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Effects of Mixing Method and Storage Period of Dangyuja-Sugar Mixture on Customer Preferences for Dangyuja-tea (당유자청의 제조방법과 냉동 저장기간이 당유자차 기호도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Yun-Jung;Moon, Jeong-Yong;Kim, Jung-Hyon;Kim, Haeng-Geun;Kim, Jae-Hoon;KimCho, So-Mi
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.160-164
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    • 2007
  • This study was performed to investigate the effects of mixing methods, storage period, and dilution ratio of Dangyuja-sugar mixture on the customer preferences for Dangyuja-tea. Most sensory characteristics such as bitterness, flavor, and taste are influenced more by mixing methods of Dangyuja-sugar mixtiue than by storage period. The Dangyuja-sugar mixture prepared by slice cutting is preferred to those prepared by operating electric mixer, The preference test showed that the appearance is not influenced by storage period but by mixing methods, whereas the tne and texture is more affected by storage period in which the 24 month storage is preferred to 12 month storage. therefore, the overall preference fer Dangyuja-tea is the on that prepared with 20% contents of Dangyuja-sugar mixture which is slice-cut and 24 month stored.

Quality Characteristics of Fresh-cut Lotus Roots According to the Temperature of the Wash Water (세척수 온도에 따른 신선편이 연근의 품질)

  • Chang, Min-Sun;Kim, Ji-Gang;Kim, Gun-Hee
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.288-293
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    • 2011
  • This study investigated the changes in the quality of fresh-cut lotus roots that were treated with hot water. Lotus roots were purchased from Daegu, Korea. They were washed, peeled, and cut into lcm-thick slices with a ceramic knife. The peeled and sliced lotus roots were dipped for 45 sec in water at 30, 55, and $80^{\circ}C$. After they were air-dried at room temperature, the slices were packed in polyethylene films and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 12 d. Then the changes in the weight loss, color, total viable cell, and sensory characteristics were measured. Generally, the weight loss of the lotus roots that were treated with hot water slightly increased. The application of the heat treatment delayed the browning of the lotus roots, especially the treatment with $55^{\circ}C$ hot water. The L and a values of the lotus roots that were treated with $80^{\circ}C$ hot water significantly increased during their storage, though. The heat treatment effectively inhibited the growth of microorganisms. The organoleptic quality of the lotus roots that were treated with $55^{\circ}C$ hot water was the best.

Berry thinning effects on the fruit and wine quality of grape 'Muscat Bailey A' (송이다듬기가 포도 'Muscat Bailey A'의 품질과 양조적성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Sung-Min;Chang, Eun-Ha;Park, Seo-Jun;Jeong, Seok-Tae;Roh, Jeong-Ho;Hur, Youn-Young;Lee, Han-Chan
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.625-630
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    • 2010
  • The berry thinning was a useful practice to reduce bunch size and to alter bunch shape for improving fruit quality. The grape cv. 'Muscat Bailey A' bunches were removed to find berry thinning effect on the bunch, in the apical end of the main stem about 4~6 laterals or conventional treatment and then compared a quality of fruit and wine between the treatments. Bunch weights on the different berry thinning treatment were in the range of 300 to 650g and conventional treatment was 550 to 750g. As a result, according to decreased lateral number of bunch in the treatments, total soluble sugar was increased but total acid was decreased. Our results was shown that wine color and taste components such as total anthocyanin, polyphenol and tannin were depended mainly by berry thinning. Also Berry thinning treatments of bunches was ranked higher sensory score than conventional ones.

Expression and Characterization of Fibrinolytic Enzyme Activity During Earthworm Tail Regeneration (지렁이 꼬리 재생시 발현되는 피브리노겐 분해효소의 활성과 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Tak, Eun-Sik;Cho, Sung-Jin;Kim, Jae-Young;Lee, Kyu-Seok;Park, Soon-Cheol
    • The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.101-106
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    • 1999
  • Fibrinolytic enzyme is thought to be involved in extracellular matrix remodeling during regeneration. We investigated the expression and characterization fibrinolytic enzyme activity during earthworm tail regeneration. Electrophoretic analysis of fibrinolytic enzymes induced during regeneration revealed that at least seven types of fibrinolytic enzymes were expressed, which had molecular weight of 12, 19, 23, 27, 32, 45 and 58 kDa, respectively. These fibrinolytic enzyme activities were dramatically increased within 1 day after amputation. These activities were maintained by 7 days postamputation, followed by decrease to control level from 14 days after amputation. Alltypes of fibrinolytic enzyme activities were inhibited by treatment of PMSF and aprotinin, and were insensitive to EDTA and exogenous Ca$^{2+}$. These results indicate that the fibrinolytic enzymes are serineproteinase. Other characteristics including specificities for extracellular matrix proteins are under investigation. Based on these results, we are trying to find out the relationship among expression of proteinases, extracellular matrix remodeling, and dedifferentiation, which are believed to be essential processes during regeneration.

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Development of an Algorithm for Automatic Quantity Take-off of Slab Rebar (슬래브 철근 물량 산출 자동화 알고리즘 개발)

  • Kim, Suhwan;Kim, Sunkuk;Suh, Sangwook;Kim, Sangchul
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.52-62
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    • 2023
  • The objective of this study is to propose an automated algorithm for precise cutting length of slab rebar complying with regulations such as anchorage length, standard hooks, and lapping length. This algorithm aims to improve the traditional manual quantity take-off process typically outsourced by external contractors. By providing accurate rebar quantity data at BBS(Bar Bending Schedule) level from the bidding phase, uncertainty in quantity take-off can be eliminated and reliance on out-sourcing reduced. In addition, the algorithm allows for early determination of precise quantities, enabling construction firms to preapre competitive and optimized bids, leading to increased profit margins during contract negotiations. The proposed algorithm not only streamlines redundant tasks across various processes, including estimating, budgeting, and BBS generation but also offers flexibility in handling post-contract structural drawing changes. In particular, the proposed algorithm, when combined with BIM, can solve the technical problems of using BIM in the early phases of construction, and the algorithm's formulas and shape codes that built as REVIT-based family files, can help saving time and manpower.

Microbiological Hazard Analysis for HACCP System Application to Vinegared Pickle Radishes (식초절임 무의 HACCP 시스템 적용을 위한 미생물학적 위해 분석)

  • Kwon, Sang-Chul
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 2013
  • This study has been performed for 150 days from February 1 - June 31, 2012 aiming at analyzing biologically hazardous factors in order to develop HACCP system for the vinegared pickle radishes. A process chart was prepared as shown on Fig. 1 by referring to manufacturing process of manufacturer of general vinegared pickle radishes regarding process of raw agricultural products of vinegared pickle radishes, used water, warehousing of additives and packing material, storage, careful selection, washing, peeling off, cutting, sorting out, stuffing (filling), internal packing, metal detection, external packing, storage and consignment (delivery). As a result of measuring Coliform group, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Listeria Monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Clostridium perfringens, Yeast and Mold before and after washing raw radishes, Bacillus cereus was $5.00{\times}10$ CFU/g before washing but it was not detected after washing and Yeast and Mold was $3.80{\times}10^2$ CFU/g before washing but it was reduced to 10 CFU/g after washing and other pathogenic bacteria was not detected. As a result of testing microorganism variation depending on pH (2-5) of seasoning fluid (condiment), pH 3-4 was determined as pH of seasoning fluid as all the bacteria was not detected in pH3-4. As a result of testing air-borne bacteria (number of general bacteria, colon bacillus, fungus) depending on each workplace, number of microorganism of internal packing room, seasoning fluid processing room, washing room and storage room was detected to be 10 CFU/Plate, 2 CFU/Plate, 60 CFU/Plate and 20 CFU/Plate, respectively. As a result of testing palm condition of workers, as number of general bacteria and colon bacillus was represented to be high as 346 $CFU/Cm^2$ and 23 $CFU/Cm^2$, respectively, an education and training for individual sanitation control was considered to be required. As a result of inspecting surface pollution level of manufacturing facility and devices, colon bacillus was not detected in all the specimen but general bacteria was most dominantly detected in PP Packing machine and Siuping machine (PE Bulk) as $4.2{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$, $2.6{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$, respectively. As a result of analyzing above hazardous factors, processing process of seasoning fluid where pathogenic bacteria may be prevented, reduced or removed is required to be controlled by CCP-B (Biological) and threshold level (critical control point) was set at pH 3-4. Therefore, it is considered that thorough HACCP control plan including control criteria (point) of seasoning fluid processing process, countermeasures in case of its deviation, its verification method, education/training and record control would be required.

Effects of No-Tillage on Pepper Growing in the Greenhouse with Organic Soil (시설 고추 무경운 유기재배 효과)

  • Yang, Seung-Koo;Seo, Youn-Won;Kim, Hyun-Woo;Kim, Byeong-Ho;Kim, Yong-Sun;Im, Gyeong-Ho;Kim, Hong-Jae;Kim, Jeong-Geun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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    • 2009.12a
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    • pp.287-287
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    • 2009
  • 우리나라의 시설재배면적은 51,237ha에 이르며 수경재배 면적을 제외하면 대부분 경운재배를 하고 있는 실정이다. 경운 작업은 대형 농기구를 이용하여 경운하기 때문에 시설내 토양 입자가 단립으로 잘게 부서지며 대형농기구로 인하여 토양이 답압되고 경운층 아래 경반층이 형성되어 뿌리 발육과 배수 불량의 원인을 제공하게 된다. 경운은 기존에 설치되어 있는 관수시설과 지주, 멀칭을 제거한 후 유기물을 투입하고 2~3회 경운작업 후 다시 소형농기구를 이용하여 이랑을 조성한다. 그리고 제거된 관수시설, 멀칭, 지주를 다시 설치하여야 하기 때문에 시설의 경운재배는 가장 고통스러운 악성노동을 수반하게 된다. 따라서 본 시험에서는 시설 고추 유기재배 시 무경운재배 효과에 대하여 검토하고자 전남 나주시 남평읍 평산리 "JD 중동통 미사질양토"에서 시험을 수행하였다. 2009년 3월 11일 "녹광" 고추 품종을 재식 거리 135${\times}$38cm로 정식하여 7월 27일까지 재배한 후, 시험포를 1/2로 나누어 트렉터를 이용하여 경운작업을 실시하고 2009년 8월 1일 억제작형으로 "녹광" 고추 품종을 정식하였다. 그리고 나머지 시험포 1/2은 전작물을 재배한 이랑에 경운작업을 생략하고 전작물 고추의 식물체는 지제부를 절단하여 분해되도록 고랑을 피복하였으며, 고추 포기와 포기 사이에 무경운으로 고추를 정식하여 시험을 수행하였다. 고추 정식 전 7월 30일에 경운 시험포에 10a당 29톤의 물을 관수하였으며, 무경운 시험포에는 10a당 48톤의 물을 관수하고, 관수 2일 후 시험포의 습도와 이랑에 발생되는 균열수를 조사하였다. 이랑의 수분함량은 표토 0.23%, 토양 30cm 깊이의 수분함량은 0.18%로 경운방법에 따라서 차이가 없었으나 토양 20cm 깊이의 수분함량은 경운은 0.25%, 무경운은 0.14%로 경운재배 토양에 비하여 뿌리의 주요 분포지역인 작토층의 수분함량이 44% 정도 낮았다. 그리고 경운재배 이랑에서는 7~35cm 정도 되는 균열이 m당 22개정도 발생되었으나 무경운에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 시설 토양의 생물다양성 지표가 되는 미소동물의 분포를 조사한(9월 16일) 결과 경운재배 토양에서는 보리톡톡기 등 8종 97개체가, 무경운 토양에서는 10종 101개체가 포획되었다. 경운 방법에 따른 시설 유기재배 고추의 수확과수는 주당 139~141과, 수량은 1,367~1,431g/주가 수확되고 10a당 수량은 경운재배가 2,790kg, 무경운재배는 2,666kg이 생산되어 경운방법에 따른 수량 차는 인정되지 않았다. 경운방법에 따른 경영비를 분석한 결과 무경운은 경운재배에 비하여 10a당 유기질 비료비 178천원, 대농구상각비 211천원, 노력비 261천원의 절감으로 경운재배 경영비 4,815천원/10a 대비 약 14%의 경영비가 절감되었다. 그리고 작기마다 반복되는 경운작업과 관수시설, 멀칭, 지주설치 작업을 1회 설치 작업으로 연속사용이 가능하여 시설재배에서 가장 고통스러운 악성노동의 회피가 가능하였다.

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Value of the Serum Thyroglobulin Level Alteration at the First High Dose Radioiodine Treatment in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (분화성갑상선암에서 최초 고용량 방사성요오드 치료시 혈청 갑상선글로불린 수치 변화의 의의)

  • Nam, Hyun-Yeol;Kim, In-Joo;Kim, Yong-Ki;Kim, Seong-Jang;Jun, Sung-Min;Kim, Bum-Soo
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.294-300
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if short-term serum thyroglobulin (Tg) elevation after radioiodine administration can predict successful radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) and whether comparable RRA effectiveness is exhibited between a group administered with recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) and a group experiencing thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW), in preparation for RRA. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 39 patients in the rhTSH group and 46 patients in the THW group. They were treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma by total or near total thyroidectomy, and referred for RRA between 2003 and 2006 (the rhTSH group) and between January and June of 2006 (the THW group). They were assessed for serum Tg levels just before I-131 administration (TgD0), reassessed 9 days later (TgD9), and again 6-12 months later. Results: RRA was successful in 64 (37 from the THW group and 27 from the rhTSH group) of the total 85 patients. The success rates of RRA had no statistically significant differences between the two groups. In both groups, TgD9/TgD0 values were significantly higher in the RRA success group (the rhTSH group; P = 0.03, the THW group; P = 0.04). By combining cutoff values of TgD0 and TgD9/TgD0, the successful RRA value was determined to be 96.7% (29/30) with TgD0$\leq$5.28 ng/mL and TgD9/TgD0>4.37 in both groups (the rhTSH group; 100% (16/16), the THW group; 92.9% (13/14)). Using logistic multivariate analysis, only TgD0 was independently associated with successful RRA. Conclusion: We may predict successful ablation by evaluating short-term serum Tg elevation after I-131 administration for RRA, in both rhTSH and THW patients.