• Korean Security Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.525-559
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• 2013

Modern society has been exposed to various dangers and crimes in the process of globalization, informationization, decentralization etc. along with the development of material civilization under rapid changing societal environment. These factors are exerting a lot of effects in public security environments, as result there are gradual interest about crime and crime prevention. Realization of responsibility who take charge of social safety, from public security to private security, appears important topic at the moment. The positive point of view which private security industry is responsible to cope with security spheres instead of public security has been emerged from the reason that the public security has limitation to solve security problems for themselves. It is the time to make effort to compromise the public security and the private security industry to forecast social change and prevent dangers in the advance. In Korea, there has been close cooperation between public security and private security for decades. Strongly emerging and interesting sphere is "Private Investigation(Private Detective)" in Korea at present. There has been some proposed legislations of private investigation for decreasing burden of public security and social sympathy about possibility of private investigation system is increasing now. In this study, we focused on the introduction of private investigation system through the analysis of bill proposals for last 14 years, for instance historical aspects, contents, the differences among bill proposals. Among these, a comparison on bill proposals of the 19th National Assembly's during 2012 - 2013 were analysed mainly. We examined the importance point at issue items for introduction of private investigation system. Suggestions for introduction of private investigation system is as follows. The necessity of independent bill for developmental private investigation system is needed and the main body should be a juristic person instead of a individual for the public interest and responsibility. For the good service of private investigation and to prevent the unqualified person become a private investigator, the recruiting system and examination of private investigator should be prepared well and take into consideration anticipated problems. Also the necessity of definite jurisdiction department's appointment to divide responsibility in operation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 1993

Seeds of Acanthopanx plants need about 2 years to germinate after sowing even if full matured fruits were harvested. I leave a room for doubt that this phenomenon could be brought by the immatured embryo in seed. If it is true, stratification method for the seed propagation of Acanthopanax plants would be used more effectively to promote the growth of embryo in relatively short time. Before stratification, seeds were devided into two parts. One of them was treated for 24hrs in the concentration of $GA_3$ 100 ppm. After stratification of non-treated and treated seeds, seeds for microtechnique were taken on interval of one month for three months, and fixed in Farmer's solution. The seed sizes of Acanthopanax plants were in biggest order A. sessiliflorus, A. seoulense, A. chiisanensis, A. koreanum and A. sieboldianum. The dehiscence phenomenon of seed coat didn't show in most of the seeds that stratified, but A. koreanum only dehisced in seeds treated in $GA_3$ 100ppm. The embryos of the stratified seeds that treated in $GA_3$ showed nomal growth, complete cotyledons and procambium in hypocotyl in any species, but the non-treated seeds could not expect the germination after sowing due to poor growing of the embryo in all species. In view of the results so far achieved, it has taken long times from sowing to germinate because the seed of Acanthopanax plants has immatured embryo.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.3 s.248
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• pp.214-220
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• 2005

Extended transseptal approach can provide an excellent view of the mitral valve but the safety of this approach is controversial because this incision requires transaction of the sinus node artery, which in most cases and can result postoperative arrhythmia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate perioperative and longterm conduction disturbances and the cardiac rhythms of patients who underwent an extended transseptal approach for mitral valve surgery. Material and Method: Postoperative cardiac rhythms were analyzed in the 164 consecutive patients who received mitral valve replacements with a extended transseptal approach between March 1992 and July 2003. Result: Of the 84 patients in normal sinus rhythm, 34 ($39\%$) had developed transient junctional rhythm and atrial fibrillation after operation, lasting less than 72 hours in most of cases. No intractable arrhythmias occurred. Most of these arrhythmia were not detected at the time of discharge and only 8 patients ($9\%$) had atrial fibrillation at discharge. Postoperative PR intervals increased for 1 week, then decreased within 2 weeks postoperatively, and returned to normal range by 6 months postoperatively. During the postoperative period, 4 of the 78 patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation developed normal sinus thythm. Conclusion: The post-operative arrhythmias were temporary and showed no significant complications after extended transseptal approach for the mitral valve surgery.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2014

Although sawdust cultivation of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is becoming more common, it is insufficiently competitive in spring and autumn, the best time to breed shiitake. Thus, it is urgently needed to develop a technique for all year round cultivation of shiitake using mushroom growing beds. In the present study, the temperature changes according to the location of shiitake cultivation facilities were investigated. We confirmed that a refrigerator, an air conditioner, triple membranes, shiitake cultivation beds, fog nozzles which were installed in the shiitake cultivation facilities play an important role in keeping the low temperature. Bag cultivation of shiitake was tested in temperature variation from $14^{\circ}C$ to $29^{\circ}C$ with a $3^{\circ}C$ interval to know its cultivating temperature range in hot summer season. In summary, the sawdust cultivation of shiitake is possible when the temperature difference between top and bottom is maintained below $1^{\circ}C$. And the temperature of the shiitake cultivation facilities should be maintained below $23^{\circ}C$ in the induction period for fruitbody formation.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 1998

On the basis of the previous study[1], miscibility were investigated and intermolecular interaction strength for the miscibility were relatively compared for the blends poly{2,2-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole}(PBI) with two aromatic polyimides (PIs) synthesized by another dianhydride. Aromatic PAAs were prepared by the reaction of condensation of two diamines, 4,4'-methylene dianiline(4,4'-MDA) and 4,4'-oxydianiline(4,4'-ODA) with 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride(DSDA) using DMAc, and then converted into PIs after curing. PBI/PAA blends were prepared by solution blending. Cast films or precipitated powders of the PBI/PAA blends were cared at a high temperature to transform into PBI/PIs blends. Miscibility and specific intermolecular interaction for miscibility in the blends were investigated, and compared with previous polyimide structures of PBI/PIs blends [1]. Two blends, PBI/DSDA+4,4'-MDA(Blend-V) and PBI/DSDA+4,4'-ODA(Blend-VI), were found miscible : the evidences were optically clear films, synergistic single composition dependent $T_g{\prime}s$, and frequency shifts of N-H stretching band as much as $39{\sim}40cm^{-1}$, and of C=O stretching band near 1730 and $1780cm^{-1}$, 5~6 and $3{\sim}4cm^{-1}$, respectively. The specific intermolecular interactions existing between PBI and PIs were relatively analyzed with the area(A) formed between the $T_g{\prime}s$ of the measured and that of the calculated by the Fox equation at all compositions, the ${\kappa}$ values in Gordon-Taylor equation obtained from the measured $T_g{\prime}s$, and differences of the frequency shifts in the functional N-H and carbonyl stretching band. From the results, the area(A) and the ${\kappa}$ values for Blend-V and VI were smaller than those for Blend-III and IV used in previous study[1]. Differences of the frequency shifts in the functional groups(N-H and C=O) also showed similar tendency. Thus, specific intermolecular interaction strength in terms of hydrogen bonding of PBI/PI blends is dependent upon chemical structures of PIs, that is, PIs it seems that $SO_2$ group in dianhydride(DSDA) has weaker hydrogen bond strength than those of C=O in BTDA. In other words, it implies that the former occupied bulk space than the latter due to the sterric effect.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.279-292
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• 2018

Unlike the global art market which experienced rapid recovery from the impacts of the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, the Korean art market has not yet fully recovered. The gallery-oriented distribution system, vulnerable primary art market functions, and the market structure centered on a small number of collectors make it difficult for young and medium artists to enter the market and, as a result, deepen the economic polarization of artists. In addition, the high price of art works limits market participation by restricting the general public. This study began with the idea that the interest of the public in the art market as well as their participation in the market are urgent. To this end, we noted that public awareness of art transactions can be a starting point for improving the constitution of the fragile art market, focusing on the 'Artist-centered Art Fair' rather than existing art fairs. To examine the contribution of such an art fair to the popularization of the art market, we analyzed the case of the 'Visual Artist Market (VAM)' project of the Korea Arts Management Service. Results found that the 'Artist-centered Art Fair' focuses on providing opportunities for market entry to young and medium artists rather than on the interests of distributors, and promotes the popularization of the art market by promoting low-priced works to the general public. Also, the 'Artist-centered Art Fair' seems to play a primary role in the public sector to foster solid groups of artists as well as to establish healty distribution networks of Korean Art market. However, in the long run, it is necessary to promote sustainable development of the 'Artist-centered Art Fair' through indirect support, such as the provision of a publicity platform or consumer finance support, rather than direct support.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate eating behaviors and patterns in breast cancer patients using a newly developed food frequency questionnaire and 2) to examine perception and use of nutritional information about breast cancer treatment among cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. Sixty breast cancer patients (case group) undergoing radiation therapy in Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, South Korea and 79 healthy women (control group) participated in this study. Mean age of subjects in the control group was $46.00{\pm}7.88$ years and BMI was $23.12{\pm}2.85kg/m^2$, and that of the case group was $50.06{\pm}11.64$ years and $22.32{\pm}3.24kg/m^2$. The results of eating behaviors showed several significant differences between control and case groups. Breast cancer patients ate meals on a more regular basis, on time, and more frequently compared to control subjects. In addition, they preferred more salty or spicy and bland food compared to healthy women. According to answers from the food frequency questionnaire, breast cancer patients consumed significantly lower amounts of boiled white rice, meats and processed food, fish and shellfish, coffee, milk, and cheese, whereas they consumed a significantly large amount of boiled multigrain rice, vegetable, seaweeds, soybean and processed food, and yoghurt compared to healthy women. This study also observed the way in which cancer patients and healthy control subjects obtain information about breast cancer treatment and its reliabilities. Results showed that healthy women did not hesitate to obtain information from mass media, while breast cancer patients would obtain nutritional information from specialists rather than mass media. Results of this survey confirmed that breast cancer patients avoided intake of red meat protein, even though they already recognized the importance of dietary protein intake for recuperation and treatment of the disease. These results could be used for future diet and nutrition guidelines for breast cancer patients.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

Modern enterprises should concentrate their efforts on continuous improvements in focusing their development in the core areas of business and to reduce their expenses and to enhance the quality of service for customers. The enterprises should focus on their core business while outsourcing the non-core areas of business to external specialists for the purpose of reducing cost. In South Korea, the enterprises are becoming increasingly interested in outsourcing their logistics function, especially in using IT technologies to the 3PL. The underlying reason for this trend is because the logistics costs of Korean businesses are much higher than that of other advanced countries. This higher logistic costs weakens the price competitiveness of Korean companies in the overseas export markets and even dampening the balance of international trade. Domestically, the higher logistics costs have the effect of raising prices in the local markets and thus affecting the local economy. Therefore a solution is urgently needed to save the logistics costs for the Korean companies in the interest of increasing national competitiveness. Outsourcing to the 3PL is becoming an attraction solution to this problem. Thanks to the increasing supply of professional logistics companies, many of the enterprises are switching to the Third Party Logistics. Nevertheless the enterprises do not yet utilize the integrated third-party logistics services on a full scale. This study analyzes present conditions and problems of the domestic third-party logistics market and suggests directions for future development. To solve the problems in the domestic third-party logistics market, four actions are recommended. First there should be new supporting policies in the laws and regulations and a system for small and medium sized companies to grow. Solutions to structural problems such as abnormal multilevel merchandising, illegal operation of private cars, and freight dumping should be implemented concurrently. Furthermore, standards for new companies entry into the market should be enhanced to allow only the competitive distribution companies to enter the market. Second, development of variety of educational programs is needed through establishing human-resource development system and specialized formal educational institution focused on this market. Third, the third party distribution companies, which seek long-term relationships with the owners of goods, should endeavor to strengthen their communications capability. Fourth, adoption of high-tech distribution system and the advent of U-Logistics, making use of RFID is urgent. This study has the limitation of objectivity because it does not include various comparative case studies about companies relating to the Third Party Logistics and domestic franchise companies. However, this study is significant to the extent that it analyzes the general present conditions and the problems of domestic Third Party Logistics and suggests recommendations for revitalization of Third Party Logistics. For future studies, analyzing the successful cases of international third party logistics companies' empirical data and studying the application into domestic franchise companies would improve the objectivity of the results. This would assist the domestic third party logistics companies not only to perform excellent domestic logistics function but also to enter into the global market for international logistics.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.704-710
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• 2012

The lower portion of sloping paddy fields normally contains excessive moisture and the higher water table caused by the inflow of ground water from the upper part of the field resulting in non-uniform water content distribution. Four drainage methods namely Open Ditch, Vinyl Barrier, Pipe Drainage and Tube Bundle for multiple land use were installed within 1-m position from the lower edge of the upper embankment of sloping alluvial paddy fields. This study was conducted to evaluate soil physical characteristics by drainage improvement in poorly drained sloping paddy field. The results showed that subsurface drainage by Pipe Drainage improves the productivity of poorly drained soils by lowering the water table and improving root zone soil layer condition. In an Pipe drainage plot, soil moisture drained faster as compared to the other drainage methods. Infiltration rate showed high tendency to Piper Drainage method about $20.87mm\;hr^{-1}$ than in Open Ditch method $0.15mm\;hr^{-1}$. And Similarly soil water and degree of hardness and shear strength phase of soil profile showed a tendency to decrease. From the above results, we found that when an subsurface drainage was established with at 1m position from the lower edge paddy levee of the upper field in sloping poorly drained paddy fields Pipe Drainage was the most effective drainage system for multiple land use.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 1998

The single crystal of the $LiTaO_3$has large electro-optic effects, so it is applied to optical switch, acousto-optic deflector, and optical memory device as hologram using photorefractive effect. In this study, optic-grade undoped $LiTaO_3$and Fe:LiTaO$LiTaO_3$single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method and optical transmission and absorption spectrums were measured in the wavelength of UV-VIS range. The curie temperature was determined with DSC and by measuring capacitance for the grown undoped crystal and ceramic powder samples of various Li/Ta ratio. In case of having a 48.6 mol% $Li_2O$ as a starting Li/Ta ratio, the results of concentration variations were below 0.01 mol% $Li_2O$ all over the crystal, so it was confirmed that $LiTaO_3$single crystals were grown under congruent melting composition having optical homogeneity. The curie temperature of the Fe:$LiTaO_3$crystal was increased with increased with increased doped Fe concentrations;by the ratio of $7.5^{\circ}C$ increase per Fe 0.1 wt%. Also, the optical transmittance was about 78 %, which was sufficient for optical device.