• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.499-505
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate and evaluate the vegetations in the coastal dunes in the vicinity of swimming beaches on the East Sea, South Korea, and the vegetations that were investigated are as follows: Carex pumila community, Cynodon dactylon community, Zoysia macrostachya community, Rosa rugosa community, Vitex rotundifolia community and Carex kobomugi typical community. Some of these vegetations, such as Carex kobomugi, Calystegia soldanella, Ixeris repens, Elymus mollis, Lathyrus japonica, and Glehnia littoralis were found to be differential species which belongs to Caricion kobomugi of Glehnietea littoralis. It was also discovered that Vitex rotundifolia community was the most heterogeneous among vegetation communities of the coastal dunes surrounding swimming beaches, and Zoysia macrostachya community was most closely linked to the typical coastal dune vegetation community. Finally, Rosa rugosa community and Vitex rotundifolia community seemed to have formed near the hinterland of coastal dunes and swimming beaches respectively because of certain unnatural disturbances such as construction of buildings and facilities or natural disasters.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

This study was carried out to analyze Pinus densiflora forest in islets of southwestern coast of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods. As a result of the investigation of 26 quadrats, the pine forest was classified two communities and six subcommunities : Ardisia japonica - Pinus densiflora community and lsodon japonicus - Pinus densiflora community, and Farfugium japonicum subcommunity, Quercus serrata subcommunity, Typical subcommunity of Ardisia japonica - P. densiflora community, Juniperus rigida subcommunity, Pourthiaea villosa subcommunity and Typical subcommunity of lsodon japonicus - P. densiflora community. The subsidiary knowledges from this study provide practical information to clarify the syntaxonomy of natural pine forest of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 2010

This study was carried out to analyze vegetation and soil characteristic, and ordination of subalpine forest vegetation of Daecheongbong area, Mt. Seorak. Communities by characteristic in species composition of subalpine forest were classified into Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum - Betula ermani community group, Pinus pumila, Abies nephrolepis, Thuja koraiensis, and Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum - Betula ermanii typical community. The results of the correlation between forest communitie sand soil conditions of Daecheongbong area by DCCA ordination method are as follows: The Pinus pumila community and Thuja koraiensis community were mainly found in the high percentage area of total nitrogen, available phosphorous, organic matter in comparison with Abies nephrolepis community and Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum - Betula ermanii typical community. The Abies nephrolepis community and Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum - Betula ermanii typical community were mainly found in the high elevation area in comparison with Pinus pumila community and Thuja koraiensis community. The Pinus pumila community and Thuja koraiensis community were mainly found in the northern and northwestern direction, but Abies nephrolepis community and Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum - Betula ermanii typical community were mainly found in the southwestern direction.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.3 s.107
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• pp.197-204
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• 2002

This study was carried out to analyze Pinus densiflora forest in islets of southwestern coast of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods. As a result of the investigation of 26 quadrats, the pine forest was classified two communities and six subcommunities : Ardisia japonica-Pinus densiflora community and Isodon japonicus-Pinus densiflora community, and Farfugium japonicum subcommunity, Quercus serrata subcommunity, Typical subcommunity of Ardisia japonica-P. densiflora community, Juniperus rigida subcommunity, Pourthiaea villosa subcommunity and Typical subcommunity of Isodon japonicus-P. densiflora community. The subsidiary knowledges from this study provide practical information to clarify the syntaxonomy of natural pine forest of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.407-421
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• 2000

The forest vegetation surrounding Taegu area was investigated by the methodology of the ZM school of phytosociology, from September, 1994 to August, 1997. The forest vegetation was classified into 7 communities, 8 subcommunities and 5 afforestations as follows : Quercus mongolica community (Typical subcommunity, Carex siderosticta subcommunity), Quercus variabilis community, Quercus acutissima community, Quercus dentate community, Carpinus cordata-Acer mono community (Typical subcommunity, Quercus serrata subcommunity, Cornus controversa subcommunity), Pinus densiflora community (Typical subcommunity, Sanguisorba officinalis subcommunity, Rhododendron schlippenbachii subcommunity), Lespedeza maximowiczii-Rhododendron mucronulatum community , Robinia pseudo-acacia afforestation, Pinus rigida afforestation, Larix leptolepis afforestation, Pinus thunbergii afforestation, Pinus koraiensis afforestation. The differential species of the Quercus mongolica community were Quercus mongolica, Athyrium yokoscense, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Astilbe chinensis var. davidii, Weigela subsessilis, and Melampyrum roseum, those of the Carpinus cordata-Acer mono community were Acer mono, Carpinus cordata, Carpinus laxiflora, and Staphylea bumalda, those of the Pinus densiflora community were Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata, Cocculus trilobus, and Juniperus rigida. Constance degree of the Quercus serrate was especially high in shrub and herb layers of the Pinus densiflora community. The results of factor analysis by DCA showed that distribution pattern of the communities were similar to that by Z-M method and that communities were arranged according to soil moisture gradient. Rhododendron schlippenbachii subcommunity of the P. densiflora community and the Typical subcommunity of the Q. mongolica community were distributed in similar environments.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2000

본 연구는 울릉도의 성인봉과 태하령지역의 산림식생을 분류하기 위해 199년 7-8월에 36개소를 선정하여 식생조사를 실시하였으며 식물사회학적 방법과 TWINSPAN에 의하여 군락을 분류하였다 울릉도 산림의 종조성표에 의한 군락 분류결과 너도밤나무-섬노루귀 군락군으로 판명되었다 이 군락군은 다시 솔송나무-섬잣나무 군락, 참나도히초미-졸방제비꽃군락으로 크게 나뉘어졌으며 참나도히초미-졸방제비꽃군락은 다시 전형하위군락. 섬조릿대하위군락 일색고사리하위군락으로구분되었다 TWINSPAN에 의한 분류결과는 솔송나무-섬작나무군락 너도밤나무-섬조릭대군락 너도밤나무-일색고사리군락, 너도밤나무-큰두루미꽃군락으로 구분되었다 식물사회학적 군락 분류결과와 TWINSPAN에 의한 군락분류결과는 4개 군락으로 구분되는 일치성을 보이고 있어 두 방법에 의한 군락 분류방법은 상호 보완될수 있다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 1997

Employing the relev$\acute{e}$ method of Muller-Dombois & Ellenberg and Braun-Blanquet, 100 plots were sampled in the Quercus mongolica community of Mt. Odae, Mt. Chumbong and Mt. Jungwang in Kangwon-do. To analyze the data, phytosociological method and TWINSPAN were used. 1. Quercus mongolica forests were recognized as Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community group, and were classified into Quercus mongolica-Carpinus cordata community, Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum typical community, Quercus mongolica-Lespedeza maximocoiczii community and Quercus mongolica-Abies nephrolepis community by phytosociological method. Quercus mongolica-Carpinus cordata community was subdivided into Acer mandshuricum subcommunity and typical subcommunity. 2. According to the classification of TWINSPAN, it was categorized into five groups, such as Quercus mongolica-Acer mandshuricum community, Quercus mongolica-Carpinus cordata community, Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community, Quercus mongolica-Lindera obtusiloba community, and Quercus mongolica-Abies nephrolepis community. 3. Since the results of phytosociological community classification, which identify five groups of the community, were consistent with that of TWINSPAN, it proved that these two methods could be complement when one do a community classification.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2005

The forest vegetation of Namhae-gun was investigated using the methodology of the Z.-M. school of phytosociology from March, 1998 to September, 2003. The forest vegetation was classified into 12 communities, 11 subcommunities, 5 afforestations as follows : Quercus mongolica community(typical subcommunity, Rhododendron schlippenbachii subcommunity), Ouercus serrata community(typical subcommunity, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum subcommunity), Ouercus variablis community(typical subcommunity, Platycarya strobilacea subcommunity), Quercus acutissima community, Carpinus laxiflora community, Carpinus coreans community, Styrax japonica community, Zelkova serrata community, Corylopsis coreana community, Pinus densiflora community(typical subcommunity, Rhododendron mucronulatum subcommunity, Carpinus laxiflora subcommunity), Pinus thunbergii community(typical subcommunity, Eurya Japonica subcommunity), Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense community, Chamaecyparis obtusa afforestation, Alnus firma afforestation, Pinus rigida afforestation, Robinia pseudo-acacia afforestation, Cryptomeria japonica afforestation. The soil pH of the study area was ranged from 4.2 to 5.4, and soil moisture content was strongly related to organic matter content. The Corylopsis coreana community contained the highest soil moisture content, whereas Pinus densiflora community contained the lowest one. The content of organic matter were $15.8\sim19.1%$ in the Quercus mongolica, Carpinus coreans and Ouercus serrata communities, $3.3\sim5.4%$ in the Quercus acutissima, Corylopsis coreana and Pinus thunbergii communities, and $2.8\sim5.6%$ in the Pinus rigida and Cryptomeria japonica afforestation. There is significant correlation among the contents of cations($K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2018

본 연구는 청옥산 산림유전자원보호구역을 대상으로 총 49개의 고정방형구를 설치하여 식물사회학적 방법으로 산림군락분류와 임분특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 총 9개의 식생단위로 분류되었으며 군락단위로는 신갈나무군락, 잣나무군락, 일본잎갈나무군락, 독일가문비나무군락으로 분류되었다. 신갈나무군락은 소나무군, 철쭉군, 고로쇠나무군, 미역줄나무군으로 세분되었으며, 고로쇠나무군은 박달나무소군과 고로쇠나무전형소군으로, 미역줄나무군은 애기감둥사초소군과 미역줄나무전형군으로 세분되었다. 9개의 식생단위의 층위별 중요치 분석결과를 보면 교목층에서 신갈나무가 32.2% 가장 높게 나타났으며 잣나무(10.1%), 소나무(10%), 일본잎갈나무(9.1%) 순으로 나타났고, 아교목층에서는 신갈나무 (18.9%), 당단풍나무(11.7%), 물푸레나무(8.9%), 잣나무(7.2%) 등이 높은 값으로 분석되었다. 관목층에서는 철쭉(12.2%)와 당단풍나무(8%)가 높게 분석되었으며 다른 수종들은 10% 미만의 값을 가졌다. 초본층에서는 조릿대(8.5%), 산숙국(6.6%)등이 높게 나타났다. 식생단위별 종다양성지수를 보면 식생단위 8인 일본잎갈나무군락이 1.76로 가장 높았으며, 박달나무소군 1.73, 소나무군 1.72, 철쭉군 1.71 순으로 분석되었다. 우점도는 모든 식생단위에서 0.2 이하로 다수의 종이 우점하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.357-368
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• 2013

This study was carried out to classify and describe the vegetation of algific talus in Korea by methods of the ZM school of Phytosociology. A part of slope or a hollow at the foot of talus in which cool air exhausts from underground through gaps of accumulated rock debris is called algific talus. From the sixty three stands obtained, the following two community and their four subcommunity were recognized: A. Quercus variabilis - Cystopteris fragilis com. B. Quercus mongolica - Betula schmidtii com. B-1. Quercus serrata - Urtica angustifolia subcom. B-2. Sorbus commixta - Spiraea chamaedryfolia subcom. B-3. Zabelia biflora - Astilboides tabularis subcom. B-4. Typical subcom. A. Quercus variabilis - Cystopteris fragilis com.. As a result of DCCA ordination, Quercus variabilis - Cystopteris fragilis com. has Quercus variabilis, Ligustrum var. obtusifolium, Zelkova serrata, Viburnum carlesii etc. as differential species, which showed the higher correlation with area of high Warmth index (WI) and precipitation than Quercus mongolica - Betula schmidtii com. has Quercus mongolica, Sorbaria var. sorbifolia, Magnolia sieboldii, Acer pseudosieboldianum, Rosa acicularis etc. as differential species. Sorbus commixta - Spiraea chamaedryfolia subcom. has Spiraea chamaedryfolia, Sorbus commixta, Rosa koreana, Vaccinium var. hirtum, Acer tegmentosum, Dryopteris expansa, Abies holophylla etc. as differential species. and Typical subcom in Quercus mongolica - Betula schmidtii com. were distributed in higher altitude and precipitation area than others. Zabelia biflora - Astilboides tabularis subcom. has Spiraea chinensis, Zabelia biflora, Astilboides tabularis, Gymnocarpium jessoense, Saussurea mongolica, Larix kaempferi etc. as differential species, which was distributed in area with high amounts of sunlight exposure by human activities.