• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1481-1487
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• 2016

Lactic acid bacteria showing alginate-degrading and cellulolytic activity were isolated and identified as a starter for seaweed fermentation. A total of 331 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from various Korean traditional foods, such as Kimchi, Jeotgal, and Makgeolli, were examined alginate-degrading and cellulolytic activity by the plate assay method. Six strains showed strong alginate-degrading and cellulolytic activity among the isolated 331 strains. Among these six strains, four strains (strain No. 162, 164, 192, and 196) showed probiotic properties (antimicrobial activity, tolerance to simulated gastric juice, artificial bile acid, and NaCl). No. 192 strain (Gram-positive cocci, catalase negative, and homofermentative) showed the best probiotic properties among selected strains and was identified as Enterococcus faecium by 16S rRNA sequencing. Strain No. 192 (E. faecium) showed the best growth and antioxidative activity during seaweed (sea mustard and sea tangle) fermentation for 72 h at $37^{\circ}C$ among the four selected strains.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2006

For the purpose of production of a novel antihyperlipemial HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor from bacteria, a bacterium which showed the highest HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity was isolated from traditional Doenjang. This strain was identified as Bacillus cereus (D-3) based on its microbiological characteristics and 165 rRNA sequence analysis. The maximal HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor production from Bacillus cereus D-3 was obtained by cultivation in a Glucose-CSL broth containing 2% glucose, 0.6% corn steep liquor, $0.04%\;K_{2}HPO_4$ and $0.05%\;KH_{2}PO_4$ at $30^{\circ}C$ for 36 h. The final HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity under the above conditions was 39.4%.

• Food Industry
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• s.220
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• pp.66-79
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• 2011

중국 중산층의 확대로 중국 식품시장이 큰 폭의 성장세를 지속하고 있다. 특히 새로운 맛과 안전한 먹거리에 대한 국민적 관심이 높아지면서 최근 5년간 중국의 농수산 식품 수입 증가율은 22.8%로 동 기간 전제 수입증가율 15.8%를 상회했다. 세부 식품별로는 어류, 육류, 과일류 등 미가공식품들의 수입 비중이 여전히 높지만, 근년들어 제과제빵류, 낙농품, 알콜 및 음료 등 가공식품 중심으로 수입이 큰 폭으로 증가하고 있다. 중국내 도시화와 서구화된 식습관이 확산되면서 중국인들이 과거 미가공식품 중심에서 가공식품중심으로 식품소비가 바뀌고 있음을 알 수 있다. 중국인들은 한국 식품에 대해 전반적으로 만족하고 있으며 특히 경쟁국 식품과 비교할 때 품질과 맛, 디자인 강점이라고 인식하고 있는 것으로 설문조사 결과 나타났다. 가격 조건에 대해서는 바이어가 개인구매자 보다 덜 민감한 한펀 한국식품의 맛에 대해서는 젊은층이 장년층 보다 만족도가 더 높게 나타났다. 그리고 특히 한국의 육류/해산물(가공품 포함), 건강식품, 제과제빵류, 소스류(장류)는 향후 중국에서 인가를 얻을 것이라는 응답이 높게 나타났다. 실제로 작년 중국의 대한국 수입 통계를 보면 어류 당류 등 미가공식품의 비중이 여전히 높지만, 최근 5년간 제과제빵류 채소/과일조제품, 알콜/음료 등 가공식품의 수입이 빠르게 늘고 있는 추세이다. 향후대중국 식품수출 확대를 위해서 중국인들의 식습관 변화를 면밀히 모니터링함으로써 새로운 가공식품과 고급식품에 대한 수요를 파악, 상품화하는데 보다 주력해야 한다. 한류 영향으로 된장, 고추장 등 한국 전통 장류에 대한 중국인들의 관심과 기대가 높은 만큼 현지 마트 등을 중심으로 장류를 이용한 한식 요리교실 개최 등 한식을 알리기 위해 보다 적극적인 마케팅 방안을 강구해야 할 것이다. 또한 방한 중국인 관광객들이 귀국 후에 온라인 쇼핑몰을 통해 한식 식자재를 구매할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하는 것도 효과적일 것이다. 마지막으로 평소 철저한 품질관리를 통해 구제역 등의 질병을 사전에 예방하는 노력이 무엇보다도 중요하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.147-148
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• 2003

최근 새로운 바다 자원으로서 “해양 심층수”가 주목받고 있다. 해양 심층수(深層水, deep sea water)는 태양광이 도달하지 않는 수심 200 m 이상 깊이의 물로 수온이 2$^{\circ}C$ 이하로 연중 거의 변화가 없는 저온안정성과 무기 영양염을 다량 포함하는 특징이 있어 심층수의 활용도는 매우 높다. NaCl만 제거하면 훌릉한 생수가 되기 때문에 심층수를 원료로 한 식품, 화장품, 의약품 개발에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 미국, 일본 등지에서는 10여년전부터 심층수를 이용한 에너지, 수자원, 생수 및 식품 산업이 활발히 진행되어졌다. 현재 식품 산업분야로는 두부제조, 빵, 청주, 간장, 된장 등의 발효식품에 대한 연구가 진행되어지고 있다. 심층수를 적당하게 첨가하면 알코올 농도가 높아지는 발효강화작용이 있다. 새로운 건강 먹거리를 갈망하는 현대인들에게 해양 심층수를 이용한 발효식품은 매우 환영받을 것으로 사료된다. 이에 본 연구는 해양 심층수의 다양한 자원성을 효율적으로 활용하기 위해 심층수의 청정성과 풍부한 미네랄을 함유한 심층수의 농도에 따른 효모의 증식도를 알아봄으로서 적응력 강한 효모를 조사하였다. 실험에 사용한 해양 심층수는 淸凉飮料水(日本ナチュラルヘルス株式會社, 深透水 1550) 사용하였다. 효모균주는 경북과학대 전통식품 연구소에서 보유하고 있는 9종의 효모를 사용하였으며, 심층수 경도 250, 500, 1000의 심층수와 1차 증류수(대조군)에 sucrose 10% 첨가한 당용액을 사용하였다. 또한 당의 적응력을 알아보기 위해 sucrose 10, 15, 20% 첨가 당용액을 사용하여 Sacch.cerevisiae kluyvery DJ97 효모의 증식도를 알아보았다. 그 결과, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 12호 균주가 심층수 경도 500인 시험군에서 증식력이 높았으며, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 901 균주는 경도 1000인 시험군이 대조군에 비해 증식력이 높게 나타나 효모균주의 종류와 심층수의 첨가량에 따라 적응력이 차이가 있었다. 당농도와 심층수 첨가량에 따른 효모 균주의 발효력을 알아본 결과 심층수 경도 200의 당 10% 첨가군에서 가장 잘 증식하는 것으로 나타나, 알코을 효모균주의 발효력을 높이는데는 최적의 농도가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 심층수를 이용한 다양한 발효식품에 대한 연구가 요구되어진다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.598-610
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity by collecting four times on six samples of Jeonbuk regional soybean pastes (Doenjang) traditionally prepared for this study. The water content of samples decreased according to progress of the aging period and the water content of the fourth sample collected was 42.40~59.64% (p<0.05). The salinity of the fourth Doenjang samples was 11.80~18.60%. The amino-type nitrogen content was 122.67~540.33 mg% immediately after the preparation of Doenjang in the Jeonbuk region and the content of the fourth collection samples increased from 251.49 to 982.36 mg% (p<0.05). The isoflavone glycosides decreased but daidzein, genistein and glycitein, which are aglycones, increased during aging periods. The total polyphenol content of the fourth collected samples was 11.99~19.27 mg GAE/g (p<0.05). The DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and FARP of the fourth Doenjang samples were 51.88~81.21%, 84.14~90.32%, and 1.08~3.11 mg Trolox/g, respectively. As a result of quality analysis on Doenjang, the superiority of traditional Doenjang has been proven by the increase of amino nitrogen content and antioxidant activity according to the aging period. However, factor analysis on quality differences of regional Doenjang should be conducted to ensure standardization and quality improvement.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.537-542
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• 2013

Deonjang has been developed as a fermented food in Korea. It produces a distinctive flavors and tastes during the fermentation process. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality characteristics of commercial deonjang certified for traditional foods. We investigated the amino nitrogen, sodium chloride(NaCl), total colony counts, coliforms, Bacillus cereus and isoflavone of 24 commercial deonjang samples certified for traditioinal foods. Deonjang showed wide ranges in amino nitrogen(105.76~318.93 mg%) and NaCl(12.53~16.51%). Survey distribution of microflora investigation in the total colony counts were detected in all 24 samples(100%), and the range is low $1.5{\times}10^6$ CFU/g, at the highest $2.5{\times}10^9$ CFU/g respectively. For the coliform, the following results were $0{\sim}5.0{\times}10^1$ CFU/g. B.cereus was detected in a total of four samples were $2.5{\times}10^3{\sim}3.3{\times}10^4$ CFU/g in the distribution. Daidzein of isoflavones showed the lowest at 86.7 ppm, 681.8 ppm range of the best shows and genistein as low as 0 to 50.0 ppm respectively. This research provided information for quality characteristics of commercial deonjang certified for traditional foods.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.132-135
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• 2013

Black Aspergillus is important fungus for oriental fermentation industry. Black Aspergillus was frequently isolated from Korean traditional Meju, a fermented soybean starting material for soy sauce and soybean paste. Thirty three strains were isolated from 98 finished Meju collected in various regions of Korea from 2008 to 2011, and 21 strains were isolated from in-process Meju at various farms from 2010 to 2011. The isolated black Aspergillus were identified using DNA sequences of partial ${\beta}$-tubulin and calmodulin genes. Of 54 black Aspergillus strains, 14 strains were identified as A. luchuensis and the others were composed of A. niger (n = 21), A. tubingensis (n = 10), and A. welwitschiae (n = 9).

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.361-366
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• 2012

We investigated the anti-diabetic activity and enzymatic activity of 24 commercial doenjang samples certified for traditional foods. Twenty four doenjang samples showed the wide ranges in enzymatic activities (protease activities 0-50.45 unit/g, ${\alpha}$-amylase activities 0-675.9 unit/g, ${\beta}$-amylase 13.6-308.6 unit/g), and there were no difference in enzymatic activity by the producing region. To evaluate the potential anti-diabetic activity of 24 doenjang samples, we examined the effect of doenjang methanol extract (DME) on 2-[n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amyno]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) uptake. Ten samples among 24 samples significantly stimulated the uptake of 2-NBDG. When the cells were treated with DME at 400 ug/mL, No. 17 and 23 specially stimulated 2-NBDG uptake by 1.23-fold and 1.25-fold, respectively, compared with untreated control cell. And there were no cytotoxicity in the C2C12 cells treated with DME at concentration of 500 ug/mL. Among 24 samples, No. 6, 7, 12, 21 and 24 showed the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor activity at concentration of 10 mg/mL; however, they were less effective than acarbose which is a commercial ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2010

A bacterium producing the extracellular mannanase was isolated from Korean soybean paste. The isolate WL-8 has been identified as Bacillus subtilis on the basis on its 16S rRNA sequence, morphology and biochemical properties. The mannanase productivity of strain WL-8 was increased in LB broth by addition of wheat bran. The maximum mannanase productivity was reached to approximately 20 U/ml in LB medium supplemented with 6% wheat bran. A gene encoding the mannanase of WL-8 was cloned into Escherichia coli and its nucleotide sequence was subsequently determined. The mannanase gene consisted of 1,086 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 362 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence was highly homologous with those of several mannanases from B. subtilis belonging to GH family 26. Reaction temperature and pH profiles were investigated using the culture filtrate and cell-free extract of the recombinant E. coli carrying a WL-8 mannanase gene, respectively. Optimal conditions for the two fractions occurred at pH 5.5 and $60^{\circ}C$. The cell-free extract showed higher mannanase activity than the culture filtrate at above $60^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the anti-microbial activity of extract from Korean fermented soybean paste (doen-jang) against 16 types of oral microbes, and to determine the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the extract for three major microbes causing human oral diseases (Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans). The extract was prepared using ethyl acetate and it was treated with the oral microbes at a concentration of 5.00 mg/ml (0.5%). The anti-microbial activity and MIC were measured using broth dilution method. Significant reduction of microbial activities of 16 types of oral microbes occurred when the soybean paste extract was added to the broth compared to the control (p<0.01), and striking inhibition (more than 99%) was observed in ten types. S. mutans, which causes dental caries, showed MIC at a concentration of 1.25 mg/ml for the extract. P. gingivalis, which causes adult periodontal disease, showed MIC at a concentration of 2.50 mg/ml for the extract. C. albicans, which causes denture stomatitis and angular stomatitis, showed MIC at a concentration of 20 mg/ml for the extract. These results indicate that ethyl acetate extract of doen-jang showed strong anti-microbial effect against 16 types of oral microbes, and the anti-microbial effect of the extract against oral microbes was stronger against bacteria than against fungi. The anti-microbial effect might be possibly enhanced by the fermentation of soybeans.