• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to examine the anti-hyperalgesic effects of combination of electroacupuncture and microcurrent on anti-hyperalgesia in local hyperalgesia zone. Methods: It used 24 rats for experiment, divided them into control group, electroacupuncture group (EA group), microcurrent group (MC group), combination of electroacupuncture with microcurrent (EA+MC group), caused hyperalgesia by injecting ${\lambda}-carrageenan$ into hindpaw. Thickness of hindpaw, mechanical pain threshold (MPT), thermal pain threshold (TPT), noxious flexion withdrawal reflex (NFR) and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) were measured immediately after induction, at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after induction. The electrical stimulation was given once a day for three days, 20min per session. Results: Change of thickness, MPT, and TPT showed significant difference in all groups compared to control group. In particular, there were remarkable difference in EA+ME group. In particular there were remarkable differences in EA group and EA+MC group. Change of NFR(% threshold, % reaction time, % RMS) and SEP showed mainly significant differences in EA group and EA+ME group compared to control group. In particular, there were remarkable difference in EA+ME group. Conclusion: The above results suggest that appropriate combination of microcurrent with electroacupuncture for pain control will be very desirable.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.116-124
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• 2001

Background and Objetive : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various electroacupuncture stimulation on NADPH-diaphorase in cerebral cortex, brain stem, cerebellum of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Materials and Methods : We evaluated the changes of NADPH-d-positive neurons using a histochemical method. The staining intensity of NADPH-d-positive neurons was assessed in a quantitative fashion using a microdensitometrical method based on optical density by means of an image analyzer. Results and Conculsion : The average optical density of NADPH-d-positive neurons of 100 Hz (bipolar square wave 0.2 ms duration and 100 Hz frequency) electroacupuncture treatment group significantly increased in most cortical areas comparison between the manual acupuncture and 2 Hz (bipolar square wave 0.2 ms duration and 2 Hz frequency) electroacupuncture groups. In the brain stem, the optical density of NADPH-d-positive neuron at only superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus area was same as cerebral cortex. We conclude that the morphological evidence for NADPH-d-positive neurons may be have regional change in cerebral cortex brain stem and cerebellum according to various electroacupuncture stimulations.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.179-191
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• 2004

It is well known that acupuncture is effective for treatment of gastric disease in human. For years, we have been utilizing a electro-acupuncture(EA) in attempt to manage gastric symptoms. However, the data on clinical effectiveness is conflicting and the action of acupoints is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of manual and electro acupuncture(EA) at acupoints of ST 36 and GB 34 on the serum gastrin level by radioimmunoassay in rats. All of acupuncture treatment was applied to the acupoints for 30 min during 3 days. Manual acupuncture with both acupoints resulted in increased gastrin serum level when compare to control group treated with only anesthesia. Either high (100 Hz) and low (2 Hz) frequency EA at ST 36 decreased gastrin serum level compared with control group, but EA at GB 34 conversely increased. In EA with device was designed stimulating only acupoint(New EA), either low frequency on ST 36 and high frequency on GB 34 unusually increased gastrin serum level compared to control group. The results of this experiment suggest that many factors, such as the selection of acupoints, the manipulation and the specification of acupuncture device, are capable of affecting acupuncture effects.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative effect of electroacupuncture at Shinmaek($BL_{62}$) in rats. Methods : In order to cause oxidative stress, AAPH was administered to the abdominal cavity of rats, after we stimulated $BL_{62}$ of the rat by electroacupuncture. Blood test and anti-oxidative test(LDL-cholesterol, GOT, GPT SOD, GSH, catalase, NO, MDA) were performed at the end of treatment. Results: 1. SOD, glutathione, catalase activity were significantly increased in the $BL_{62}-EA$ group compared with the holder group. 2. NO density was significantly decreased in the $BL_{62}-EA$ group compared with the holder group. 3. Glutathione was significantly increased in the $BL_{62}-EA$ group compared with the sham-EA group. Conclusion : These results suggest that electroacupuncture at $BL_{62}$ has an anti-oxidant effect in human.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 1988

Gastro-intestinal mortility and transit time of barium sulfate after electroacupuncture were investigated in normal dogs and administration of xylatine in dogs. Electroacupuncture was performed with a current of 1.5 volt and 20 Hz at the acupoints of Tsu San Li(right(+) left(-) in dogs for 30 minutes. The results were as follows: 1. After electroacupuncture stimnlation in normal dogs, rates of stomach contractions was not changed, but amplitudes of stomach motility was markadly increased. The electroacupuncture stimulation tasted about 60 minutes after the end of electroacupuncture. 2. The stomach contractions was markedly increased, while the amplitudes of stomach motility was sligltly decreased by the administration of xylazine in dogs. 3. The rates of stomach contractions and amplitudes of motility were markedly increased after administration of xylazine in the electroacupuncture stimulated dogs. 4. Gastric emptying time o barium sulfate after electroacupuncture stimulation in dogs was highly significantly decreased compared with that of normal dogs(p < 0.01). 5. Small bowel transit time of barium sulfate after electroacupuncture stimulation in dogs was highly significantly decreased compared with that of normal dogs (p < 0.01). 6. Gastroduodenal transit time of barium sulfate after administration of xylazine following electroacupuncture stimulation dogs was blighty significantly decreased compared to that of dogs dosed with xylazine (p< 0.01). 7. Small bowel transit time of barium sulfate after administration of xylazine following electroacupuncture stimulation dogs markedly decreased compared to that of dogs dosed with xylazine (p < 0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.193-203
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• 2003

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effect and pathway of contralateral heterotropic electroacupuncture (EA) on pain induced by fonualin in rats. Methods : Acu-points in the right forepaws, HT 7 and PC 7 were stimulated with 3~4mA, 2ms, and 10Hz after 5% formalin (50ul) s.c. injection to the left hind paw. In addition, it was investigated whether the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF), known to be related the descending inhibition, mediates analgesic effects of the contralateral heterotropic EA or whether administration of naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, blocks the effect of EA. Results : The results showed that contralateral heterotropic electroacupuncture (EA) inhibited late phase (63.311.7%) of pain induced by fonualin in the behavioral test, but sham-EA had little effect on pain behavior (85.616.8%) and no analgesic effects after transection of the dorsolateral funiculus (95.718.7%). The pretreatment of naltrexone (10mg/kg, i.p.) could not inhibit the analgesic effects of EA on formalin-induced pain behavior (70.713.1%). Also,EA suppressed formalin injection induced expression of cFos like protein (cFL) in the dorsal homo but not sham-EA. Suppressed expressions of cFL in the spinal cord were eliminated after transection of the ipsilateral dorsolateral funiculus at T10-11 leve1s. However, pretreatment of naltrexone could not prevent the suppressive expressions of cFL at the spinal cord. Conclusions : These results suggest that the analgesic effect of contralateral heterotropic electroacupuncture may be modulated through the dorsolateral funiculus constituting the descending inhibition.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 2002

Objective : Acupuncture and herbal medicine have been used to prevent and treat cerebrovascular accident, such as stroke, and many studies of acupuncture and moxibustion concerning stroke have been undertaken in humans and various animals. However, the protective effect of the electroacupuncture (EA) of Huan-do (GB30) on the transient forebrain ischemia injury has not been published. Methods : The nenroprotective effects of EA (2 ms, 10 Hz, and 1 - 2 mA) of GB30 on the transient forebrain ischemia injury were investigated by immunohistochemistry of c-Fos-like protein in Sprague-Dawley rats. Results : The transient forebrain ischemia injury resulted in increased expression of c-Fos-like protein (cFL) in the dentate gyms (DG) and CAl for 6 hrs after ischemia, and EA increased significantly expression of cFL in the CAl and DG. For 48 hrs after, there was delayed expression of cFL at the CAl and DG, representing the sign of neuronal cell death, but EA decreased the delayed expression of cFL, significantly. Conclusion : These results suggest that the nenroprotective effects of EA on transient forebrain ischemia injury may be related to excitatory regulation of cFL at the early stage and inhibitory regulation in the long term.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of electroacupuncture stimulation on changes in blood biochemistry in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats whose cords were damaged by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Methods: Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to one of three groups: normal (n=7), control (n=7) and experimental group (n=7). The experimental group received electroacupuncture (Es-160, ITO, Japan) for 15 minutes in the form of low frequency (2 Hz) stimulation to the zusanli point. After treatment, we observed motor behavior recovery using the inclined plane test. We also measured serum and CNS concentrations and activities of enzymes including creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Concentrations of CK, ALP and IgG were lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Functional recovery was evaluated by the maximal angle of the inclined board on which rats could maintain their initial position. This allowed us to monitor progressive locomotor recovery. The maximal angles of the inclined plane test were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that electroacupuncture to the zusanli point has a therapeutic effect on functional recovery after SCI.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 1987

Ruminal and abomasal motility after electroacupuncture was investigated in normal goats and in goats with induced hypocalcaemia. Electroacupuncture was performed with a current of 1 volt and 3Hz at the acupoints of Tien Ping(positive) and Pai Hui(negative) for 30 minutes. The adequate range of electroacupuncture stimulation for goats was 1 to 2 volt and 2 to 3 Hz. After electroacupuncture stimulation in normal goats, rates of rumen and abomasal contractions were not changed or were slightly increased, but amplitudes of rumen and abomasal motility markedly increased. The effects of electroacupuncture stimulation lasted from about 10 minutes to 30 minutes after the end of electroacupuncture. The amplitudes of rumen motility were increased by the administration of bethanechol chlorids in goats. Ruminal contractions were not influenced by electroacupuncture following atropine sulphate. The rates of rumen and abomasal movements were not changed, but its amplitudes were reduced by inducing hypocalcaemia in goats. Motilily of the rumen and abomasum was not accelerated by electroacupuncture in goats with induced hypocalcaemia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.683-688
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate the reverse effects of Jen Chung electroacupuncture at 10 and 30 min after xylazine administration(0.1mg/kg) in goats. In the group of electroacupuncture at 30 min after xylazine administration, MAT and MWT were markedly shorter than in control and in 10 min after xylazine administration. The RR intervals were continuously increased in control and in the group of electroacupuncture at 10 min after xylazine administration, but in the group of electroacapuncture at 30 min after xylazine administration significantly reduced from about 45 min. The frequency(cps) of EEG was recovered to normal pattern after 90 min in the group of electroacupuncture at 30 min after xylazine administration, but considerably delayed in control and in the group of electroacupuncture at 10 min. Respiratory rates tended to be somewhat decreased and then gradually increased in all groups. In control, there were shown cycloapneustic respirations but no in the electroacupuncture groups. It was turned out to be that the electroacupuncture stimulation of Jen Chung at 30 min after xylazine administration was effective for the reverse of the xylazine analgesia.