• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

목적 : 브라운시쿼드는 대부분 척추손상과 수질외 척추 종양에서 주로 나타난다. 드물게 경추 디스크가 브라운시쿼드의 원인이 된다. 경추디스크에 의한 브라운시쿼드 증세의 수술후 물리치료 및 도수치료 결과를 보고하기 위함이다. 방법 : 50세 남자로써 브라운시쿼드 증세로 진단을 받고 수술후 좌측 팔과 다리에 운동신경에 의한 마비증세가 있었으며(팔>다리), 우측으로 감각과 온도감각이 저하된 경우이다(팔>다리). 측정방법은 통증지수(VAS), 근력(Distal PowerTracII$^{TM}$ test), 지구력(Ergometer) 측정과 심리상태(설문)를 치료전과 후를 비교하였다. 물리치료에서는 기능적 전기자극 치료와 도수치료 및 운동치료 방법을 실시하였다. 도수치료는 통증완화와 근력강화를 위한 MET, MFR, Mobilization 등을 실시하였으며, 운동은 슬링시스템 등을 이용한 운동과 견관절의 불안정을 위해 안정화운동을 실시하였다. 결과 : 이 케이스는 수술후 이상 징후가 척수압박으로 인하여 보다 넓게 통증이 나타났으며, 운동 및 감각신경이 둔해지고 온도에 대한 감각이 반대편 결손으로 나타났으며, 좌측 어깨, 팔 견갑부의 근육 마비와 우측의 감각이 떨어진 현상이 나타났다. 물리치료 후 단기목표와 장기목표에 있어서 통증과 운동 및 감각 기능이 회복되어 각각 팔 통증에서는 VAS 8 ${\rightarrow}$ 1, 상지 하지의 운동기능은 Trace ${\rightarrow}$ Good 로 평가 회복되었으며, 근력측정에서 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다. 모든 치료과정 결과에서 심리적 상태의 설문에서도 높은 점수를 얻어 긍정적 신뢰가 높아 진 것으로 나타났다. 검사결과 다리의 근력이 증가는 걷기 운동 및 에르고메터의 지구력 및 균형이 레벨1의 10분 수행능력이 레벨 20에서 30분 수행능력으로 향상되어 일상적인 활동이 가능해졌다. 결론 : 예상하지 못했던 수술 후유증(side effects)에 대한 치료과정이 환자의 심리에 심각한 부정적인 생각이 신체의 기능과 감정의 손상에 영향을 미치기 때문에 체계적이고 장기적인 치료 과정에서 기능적 향상과 더불어 정신적인 심리의 정서 안정이 매우 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.72-80
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• 2000

This study was to investigate the effects of a functional electrical stimulation (FES) on temporal parameters (stride length, step width and cadence) of gait patterns in a patient with right hemiparesis. A single-subject reversal (ABAB) design was used. The subject was a 25-year-old male who had foot drop and circumduction gait pattern. An ink foot-print method was used to assess the temporal parameters of gait between the baseline phase and the intervention phase. FES was applied at 8 m walkway, three times a week for 5 weeks. The results showed that stride length was increased by 4.04 cm and that step width was decreased by 3.93 cm in the intervention phase. There was no difference in cadence between the baseline phase and intervention phase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was to investigate the prevention of spasticity with modified Ashworth scale(MAS) and range of motion(ROM) increase with goniometer in ankle joint by functional electrical stimulation(FES) and exercise for 4 weeks in chronic stroke patients. Methods : 60 chronic stroke patients participated in this study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups, FES group(n=20), FES+exercise group(n=20) and control croup(n=20). After FES application on tibialis anterior muscle by 35Hz for 4 weeks, the change of ankle joint movement was measured by goniometer. Results : The spasticity in ankle joint was decreased greatly in FES and FES+excercise groups(p<.05), and the ROM of ankle joint was increased greatly in FES and FES +exercise groups(p<.05) than control group(p>.05). Conclusion : It shows that FES made the angle of dorsiflexion in spastic ankle joint increase with functional improvement of tibialis anterior muscle in chronic stroke patients. This show that the FES is avaliable for facilitation of ROM and decrease of spasticity as a therapeutic tool.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on a visual analysis scale and functional visual analysis scale regarding functional capacity. A total of 7 consecutive patients with the complaint of patellofemoral pain syndrome who received this diagnosis from a sports medicine physician were recruited to assess the effect of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Functional Visual Analog Scale (FVAS), functional capacity patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. The exercise rehabilitation consisted of a complex training program requiring five treatments a week for eight weeks. The training program consisted of four phases, and each lasted for two weeks. Statistical analyses were one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in the VAS and FVAS during 8-weeks of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (p<.01). (2) There were no significant differences in the functional capacity during 8-weeks of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (p<.05). In conclusion, at the end of the eight weeks of this rehabilitation program and neuromuscular electrical stimulation, a significant reduction was found in VAS and FVAS, but there was no significant difference in functional capacity at the end of the treatment.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 1984

In order to investigate an endocrinological effect on metamorposis of the midgut in silkworm, Bombyx mori, 20-hydroxyecdysone and rude extract of brain (PTTH) were injected into pupal isolated abdomens, devoid of prothoracic glands and also in the brainless diapausing pupae with the prothoracic glands (so-called dauer pupae). When ecdysone was assayed abdomens, drastic morphological changes occurred in the midgut. The wet weights of midguts were found decrease as like the normal pupae at metamorphosis. Proteineous changes in epithelial midgut were also observed; pupal specific proteins (PSP) vanished while the adult proteins were newly synthesized. Similar results were also found in the changes of protein in the midgut of dauer pupae by injecting ecdysone and PTTH.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.217-220
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• 1999

Background: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) has been widely used for pain relief after surgery instead of opioid analgesics therapy. This study was designed to study the effectiveness of TENS on perianal pain after anal surgery. Methods: Forty-eight patients who underwent anal surgery were evaluated in this suudy. Caudal anesthesia with 1.5% lidocaine 30 ml mixture 1：200,000 epinephrine was performed. TENS was done at 100 Hz for 25 min. duration, postoperatively at 4 hrs and 24 hrs. Pain was also measured at the 4 hrs and 24 hrs postoperatively by visual analogue scale (VAS). VAS value were compared before and after TENS application. Results: Values of VAS after TENS were significantly lower compared to those before TENS. Conclusions: From these results, we concluded, TENS may be effective for postoperative perianal pain relief after anal surgery.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.819-825
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop the speaker recognition system which can select one of operating modes in FES for general paralysis patients. As spiral injury by traffic accident, industrial disaster, or stroke has been increased, the development of FES(Functional Electrical Stimulator) system is urgent to prevent paralysis and atrophy, and to assist the patients walking. For these patients we developed FES system(1). To operate this system one of several operating modes must be selected. As this can not be done by general paralysis patients, an attempt has been tried in this study to select the mode by speaker recognition system. RSC-300 of sensory co. has been chosen as a speaker recognition chip, and PIC16F84 is adapted to interface RSC-300 and FES system.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.187-199
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• 1999

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is used for muscle reeducation, reduction of spasticity, delay of atrophy, and muscle strengthening. FES stronger stimulation than other forms of electrical stimulation. The efficacy of FES in improving function has been substantiated in the literature. Treatment programs employing FES - activation of muscular tissue through the intact peripheral nervous system - can be broken into five major categories, according to the goal of treatment. These broad areas would include the use of FES to: (1) a direct excitation onto the alpha motoneuron, through peripheral stimulation of the Ia myotatic sensory system and ascending afferent information, which will be integrated at conscious and subconscious level of the CNS. (2) The quality of a stimulated muscle contraction is determined by combination of many parameters, including stimulus amplitude, pulse duration, stimulus frequency, and duty cycle. (3) A unit that has a pulse duration between 200 and $400{\mu}sec$ will be more than adequate for FES applications. (4) The neuromuscular plasticity is critically important to return of function using muscle re-education and facilitation applications. (5) Prior to using FES as an electrical orthosis, the patient should build up endurance in the muscles to be stimu1ated during the gait cycle.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Interferential current stimulation therapy(ICT) on pain, balance, and walking ability of elderly patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Twenty participants were randomly assigned to ICT group (2 males and 8 females) and placebo ICT group (3 males and 7 females). Participants were ICT and placebo ICT for 20 minutes, and the pre- and post-VAS, TUG and postural balance were measured. Results: The ICT group showed significantly decreased pain scores in the elderly patients with chronic low back pain (p<.05) than the placebo ICT group. The postural fluctuation with eyes opened and closed was significantly lower than the placebo ICT group(p<.05), and the ICT group showed remarkable improvement (p<.05). Conclusion: ICT was expected to improve decrease pain, improve postureal sway and walking ability remarkably. Therefore, It was expected that the application or ICT would be an effective method for elderly patients with Chronic Low Back Pain.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.859-867
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• 2001

The purpose of this single subject care study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a functional electrical stimulation(FES) treatment program designed to prevent glenohumeral pint stretching and subsequent subluxation and shoulder pain in hemiplegic patients. The subject was a 43-year-old male who had left side hemiparesis with shoulder pain and subluxation on affected side. He received conventional physical therapy and additional FES therapy where two flaccid shoulder muscles, supraspinatus and posterior deltoid. were induced to contract repetitively up to 20 minutes for 2 weeks. As a result. the patient showed improvements in hemiplegic arm function, reduction in subluxation(as indicated by Jig test) and range of motion(SLROM). But it was difficult to generalize. We concluded that the FES program was effective in reducing the severity of shoulder subluxation and pain. Further study must be evaluated its statistical significance.