• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.435-440
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• 2020

ZnO:Al films with about 500 nm thick were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. The ZnO:Al films were annealed at 100 ℃, 200 ℃, 300 ℃, and 400 ℃ for 10 h, respectively. The resistivity, carrier concentration, and mobility variation of ZnO:Al films with heat treatments were measured. The causes of the resistivity variation of ZnO:Al films with heat treatments were investigated by utilizing the results of x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. The energy band gap, Urbach energy, and refractive index were obtained from the transmittance of ZnO:Al films. The change in electrical properties of the ZnO:Al film was explained in relation to the optical properties.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.57-65
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• 1996

초고속 정전유도형 정전전동기의 개발의 위한 기초연구로서 회전자 물질의 표면저항률, 비유전율 및 전하완하시정수의 변화에 따른 회전자의 회전속도특성을 조사하였다. 회전자표층물질의 비유전율 및 표면저항률은 클수록 회전자의 회전속도는 증가하였으며, 또한 이 두 요소를 곱한 회전지표면에 유도된 전하의 완화시정수가 클수록 회전속도는 증가하였다. 한편 회전자표층물질로서 도전성물질(Ti)을 폴리프로필렌 위에 불연속적으로, 즉 띠의 모양으로 증착한 시료를 사용하여 띠의 폭 및 경사각의 변화에 따른 회전자의 회전속도특성 및 토크 특성을 조사하였다. 이 경우 띠의 폭이 적어질수록 회전자의 회전수는 지수함수적으로 증가하였으며, 등간격으로 세분화한 것을 회전자의 축에 대해서 회전방향으로 경사각$\theta$만큼 기울였을 때 $\theta$=60。 및 150。일 때 회전자의 회전속도가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 경사각 $\theta$=0。일때에 비해서 약 125[%]정도 높은 회전속도를 보였다. 최대토크 및 최대출력은 각각 {{{{25$\times$ { 10}^{ -6} [Nm]}}}}및 11.5[mW]이었다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

Carbon nanotubes are used in various industries with their excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. In the construction industry, research is being conducted to give self-sensing capabilities to structures, but the results of experiments vary among researchers, and the analysis is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, the hydration and electrical properties of MWCNT-added cement pastes were measured. The electrical resistance values of hydration heat, porosity, Rietveld quantitative analysis, compressive strength, and distance were measured.. The heat resistance, porosity, Rietvelt quantitative analysis, compressive strength and distance were measured according to electrical resistance. Experimental results showed that the heat of hydration decreased with increasing MWCNT. XRD Rietveld quantitative analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the amount of hydration products with increasing addition rate of MWCNT. As a result of SEM analysis, the MWCNT is agglomerated by van der Waals forces, and this area is considered to be caused by voids and weak areas. The electrical resistance value decreases as the addition rate is increased, and thus may play a role for magnetic sensing in the future.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.36-44
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• 2012

Electrical impedance tomography is a relatively new imaging modality in which the internal conductivity (or resistivity) distribution of a object is reconstructed based on the injected currents and measured voltages through the electrodes placed on the surface of the object. In this paper, it is assumed that the relationship between the resistivity distribution and the resistance of electrodes is linear. From this linear relation, the weighting matrix can be obtained and modified iterative Landweber method is applied to estimate the internal resistivity distribution. Additionally, to accelerate the convergence rate and improve the spatial resolution of the reconstructed image, optimal step lengths for the iterative Landweber method are computed from the objective function in the least-square sense. The numerical experiments have been performed to illustrate the superior reconstruction performance of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

In this paper we describe discharge characteristics between needle-to-plane electrodes in water in various conditions such as different impulse voltages, polarities and water resistivities. Streamer corona is initiated at the tip of needle electrode and propagates toward plane electrode, and it experiences the final jump across the test gap. The branched channels of streamer coronas for lower water resistivities are much thicker and brighter than those for higher water resistivities at the same level of applied voltage. The negative streamer coronas not only have more branches but also widely spread out compared to the positive streamer coronas. A number of pulse-like currents ranging from some hundreds mA to a few A after streamer corona onset were produced with discharge developments. The time-lags-to breakdown for the positive polarity were remarkably shorter than those for the negative polarity. The pre-breakdown energy supplied into the test gap was inversely proportional to water resistivity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2011

RF magnetron co-sputtering을 이용하여 RF power 및 공정 압력에 따라 GZO 및 IGZO 박막을 유리기판 위에 제작하고 투명전극으로 구조적, 광학적, 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 박막 증착 조건의 초기 압력은 $1.0{\times}10^{-6}Torr$, 증착온도는 상온으로 고정하였으며 기판은 Corning 1737 유리기판을 사용하였다. 소결된 타겟으로 ZnO, $In_2O_3$ 및 $Ga_2O_3$을 이용하였으며, 각각의 타겟은 독립 된 RF파워를 변화시키며 투명전극의 성분비를 조절하였으며, 증착 압력은 10 m에서 100 mTorr까지, 기판과의 거리는 25 mm에서 65 mm까지 변화시키며 박막을 제작하였다. 유리기판 위에 불순물이 첨가된 모든 ZnO 박막에서 (002) 면의 우선배향성이 관찰되었고, 3.4eV에서 3.5eV 정도의 광학적 밴드갭을 가지며 80% 이상의 투과율을 나타내었다. GZO 박막의 경우 증착 조건에 따라 투명전극에 요구되는 $5*10^{-3}{\Omega}-cm$ 이하의 전기적특성을 가짐을 보였으며, gallium 성분이 0%에서 6%로 증가함에 따라 3.3eV에서 3.5eV로 blue-shift하였으며, 비저항은 0.02에서 $0.005{\Omega}cm$로 낮아졌으며 이동도는 $4.7cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$에서 $2.7cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$로 보이며 GZO 물질이 투명전극으로서 기존의 ITO 물질 대체 가능성을 확인하였다. IGZO 박막은 In과 Ga의 함량에 따라 저항률의 변화가 크게 나타났으며, In의 함량이 많을수록 이동도, 캐리어 농도의 증가로 저항률은 감소하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.112.1-112.1
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.37-45
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• 2007

Recently, there has been an increase of the use of ground system for lightning protection called deeply driven grounding electrode. In the case of deeply driven grounding electrode, the rod electrode is equipped perpendicularly and deeply, therefore, it has a benefit to have less restriction of place compared to mesh grid electrode. However, ground impedance is largely changed by the local earth resistivity, so it requires a detailed analysis of the ground structure when planning. The measurement of earth resistivity by existing Wenner's method has been widely used, however, this method can not find out a change in the local ground resistance and it shows the result outwardly to be difficult to estimate exact depth. Therefore, this study analyzed the ground structure as 2-D image using 96 channels measurement facility and tried to analyze change in the local ground resistance and depth of the ground in order to design a deeply driven electrode effectively for lightning protection. It used Wenner alpha method dipole-dipole method and Schlumberger method for 2-D image analysis of the ground resistivity ma based on, it the result was compared with the ground structure analyzed with the result using the CDEGS and Wenner 1-D method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.336-337
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• 2007

현재 투명전극의 재료로 ITO, ZnO, $SnO_2$등의 재료가 주로 이용되며, 낮은 저항률을 장점으로 가지는 ITO 박막이 가장 널리 이용되고 있으나, 가격이 비싸다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이 밖에도 ITO 박막보다 가격이 저렴한 ZnO박막에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있으나, 고온에서의 열적 불안정성 등의 문제로 상용화되지는 못하고 있다. 그러나 $SnO_2$ 박막은 ITO와 ZnO 박막보다 저항률이 다소 높지만, 우수한 열적, 화학적 안정성과 저렴한 가격으로 ITO 박막을 대체할 투명전도막 재료로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 $SnO_2$박막의 저항률 향상을 위하여 ATO(Antimony doped Tin Oxide) 박막을 RF Magnetron Sputtering 법으로 Coming glass위에 증착하였으며, 박막 증착시 산소 유량의 변화가 ATO 박막의 구조적, 전기적 그리고 광학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 연구하였다. 본 실험에서는 동작압력을 10 mTorr, RF power를 250W로 고정하고 $O_2$ 유량을 부분적으로 변화시키면서 증착되어진 ATO 박막을 분석한 결과 Ar:$O_2$의 비가 90:10일 때 최적의 가스비율로써 우수한 구조적, 전기적 그리고 광학적 특성을 보임을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.323-336
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• 2011

The hydro-mechanical behavior of the Earth's crust is strongly dependent on the fractional volume and geometrical structure of effective pore spaces. This study aims to understand the characteristics of pores using electrical impedance. We measured the electric impedance of core samples (diameter, 38-50 mm; length, 70-100 mm) of three types of granite (Hwangdeung, Pocheon, and Yangsan) and two types of sandstone (Boryung and Berea) with different porosities and pore structures, after saturation with saline water of varying salinities. The results show that resistance decreases but capacitance increases with increasing salinity of the pore fluid. For a given salinity, the resistivity and formation factor are reduced with increasing porosity of the rocks, and the capacitance increases. Berea sandstone shows anisotropy in resistance, tortuosity, and cementation factor, with these factors being highest normal to bedding planes. This result indicates that the connectivity of pores is weakest normal to bedding. In conclusion, the electrical characteristics of the tested samples are related not only to their porosity but also to the pore geometry.