• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

Recently, many accidents occur frequently because sprinklers aren't installed or don't work right when there are outbreak of fire in houses and aggregate buildings. Therefore, they can result in damage for humans and loss of property. Sprinklers are the most appropriate which can extinguish buildings' fire in the initial stages. Through lack of legal system, in domestic cases, sprinklers cannot operate their inherent performance. Domestic standard simply classifies installation objects according to types of business and forms of buildings, also divides into uses and floors of buildings. Especially it only regulates that sprinklers must be installed every floors in particular fire buildings that have more than eleven floors. While it doesn't need to install sprinklers below ten floors, so we are threatened the safety. In this study, we derived causes and implications by analyzing concepts of sprinklers facilities, installation standards in domestic and foreign legal system, and recent cases that expanded damages in fire accidents because of weak point of installation and control standards. In domestic cases, as a result, government has to provide an institutional strategy and law that regulate duty to install sprinklers to all aggregate buildings regardless of floors in terms of new buildings. Also, if someone who has existing buildings wanted to install them, government would guarantee subsidy to encourage installation. In addition, government supervises fire-fighting activities when there are fire by compensating standards about regular inspection by a qualified technician, operation and maintenance of sprinklers as well as reinforcement of administrative criteria.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.69-80
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• 2005

So far, there have been mary studies on human emotions and the emotional side of products in the field of emotional engineering. Contemporary emotion-related researches have focused mainly on the relationship between product aesthetics and the emotional responses elicited by the products, but little is known about emotions elicited from using the products. In this study we have extracted some emotional words that can come up during user interaction with a product and reveal emotional changes. Firstly, we assembled a set of emotional words that were sufficient to represent a general overview of Korean emotions, collected from various literature studies in the field of psychology, linguistics, emotional engineering. Secondly, we found emotional words from collecting user opinion on the website. In this study, we used heavy traffic websites such as shopping mall and mania sites. Finally the emotional words were collected from verbal protocols by using Think Aloud technique. The collected words were integrated according to standards and they were applied on evaluation survey twice for evaluating their appropriateness. This survey was conducted for identification of emotional expressions while using a product. Finally, we extracted 88 emotional words for measuring user's emotions expressed while using products. And we categorized the 88 words to form 6 groups by using factor analysis. The 6 categories that were extracted as a result of this study, such as aesthetics, satisfaction in usability, novelty, uncomfortable- ness, pleasure and excellence were found to be user's representative emotions expressed while using products. It is expected that emotional words and user's representative emotions extracted in this study will be used as subjective evaluation data that is required to measure user's emotional changes while using a product.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.43-54
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• 2006

Creativity is an essential ability for a successful design task, mainly because design is an activity creating something new. As the sphere of design has expanded and become complex, the design task goes beyond an individual designer's capability. Therefore, it is necessary to organize a design team consisting of various team members with diverse expertises. The aim of this study is to find out the impact of fundamental attributes of members on the group creativity in order to establish a guideline for building a creative design team. Heterogeneous teams and homeogenous teams were created according to three main factors of group creativity namely, personality, field and experience. The group creativity of each team were evaluated through protocol analysis of design activities as well as the comparison of problem solving processes and outputs. It was identified that the impact of design teams on the group creativity was distinctively different in four phases of the design process (preparation, divergence, convergence, and execution) regarding creativity properties such as fluency, elaboration, originality, usefulness. Based on these findings, a schematic model for building a design team in order to enhance the group creativity by composing the most appropriate team members for each phases of the design process was developed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.161-174
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• 2018

$CO_2$ storage site for small-scale demonstration has been investigated in Yeongil Bay, Pohang, SE Korea, using seismic survey and exploration well data. We found a potential storage formation consisting mainly of conglomerate and sandstone. The storage formation unconformably overlies volcanic basement rocks that are located in a depth from 650 to 950 m (below sea level). The depth of the storage formation is suitable for injecting supercritical $CO_2$ in the Pohang Basin. The average thickness of the storage formation is about 123 m, which possibly provides sufficient capacity at the level of small-scale storage demonstration. The overlying fine-grained deposits consist mainly of marine hemipelagic muds and interlayered turbidite sands. The overlying formation is considered as a good seal rock that is over 600 m thick and widely distributed in the onshore and offshore portions of the basin. NNE-trending faults found in the study area likely formed at basement level, probably not continue to seafloor. Such faults are interpreted as syndepositional faults involved to the basin initiation. This study reveals that the offshore area of the Pohang Basin contains deep geological formations suitable for small-scale $CO_2$ storage demonstration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.111-137
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• 2016

The roles of public libraries have been diverse not only provision of information but also provision of cultural programs. According to this trend, the spatial composition of public libraries have been also changed to reflect the diverse roles. This study is conducted to explore the spatial characteristics in public libraries with two objectives: 1) to suggest spatial types in public libraries based on their physical characteristics, and 2) to explore the relationships between the spatial types and users' perception. To accomplish these objectives, we adopted observation and questionnaire survey as research methods. Consequently, three spatial types of public libraries are identified based on an investigation of several public libraries: divided, partially integrated, and integrated. Then, several statistical analyses, including one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), are conducted with the questionnaire survey data. The results from the statical analyses show that there are significant differences in users' perceptions and behaviors between the spatial types. That is, the spatial type influences user's perceptions. This study is meaningful in terms of its first attempt to explore the relationships between spatial factors in libraries and users' perceptions. Based on this, it is suggested that libraries should consider their spatial structures for developing user's positive perception on the libraries.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.276-289
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• 2013

In developing offshore wind farms, many environmental issues arise because of the concentration on supply demand and economic logic. Accordingly, community conflict is induced. Especially, recent studies regarding the capacity and location of offshore wind development have been conducted considering wind states and ocean conditions, etc. of coastal seas in Republic of Korea. Nevertheless, studies on the impact of marine environments and ecosystems are very limited so far. Environmental monitoring that follows development projects has been actively done in the offshore wind farms in many developed European countries. In contrast, there is no domestic monitoring data regarding environmental impacts caused by installing and operating offshore wind power. Therefore, the environmental impacts under construction and operation phases as well as the guidelines in the stage of environmental impact assessment suited for domestic coastal seas are well presented in this study by analyzing monitoring cases and references of overseas offshore wind farm. For this reason, this research is ultimately aimed at minimizing the environmental impact in offshore wind farm development and thus simplify administrative procedures in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.147-156
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• 2017

This research aimed at suggesting the implication of Korean unification education based on German unification education, which country achieved unification from the divided country as Korea. Germany named unification education as the political education. German political education includes democratic citizen education, peace education, and solidarity education between the peoples. Also, besides school unification education, civic organization and parties treat political education. German political education is conducted by being shared with role by main government and several organizations, when the federal government level suggests a big frame. Also, political education with proper content could be conducted suitable for the characteristic of main area and the color of the party and civic organizations. Of course, federal government supports administrative financial support enough on this. In such situation, German people have naturally accepted and developed political education without distance. This situation has lots of implication on Korea. First, systematic system of unification education. In Korea, unification education is conducted mainly by Ministry of Unification and Education Center for Unification. However, in order to naturally approach the people, systematic system synthesizing civic organization, local government, religious organization, and educational local government should be established. Second, 'integration within acknowledgement of diversity'. In Korea, also, diversity should be acknowledged by being suggested by the country with the big frame, and the detailed parts by various institutions and civic organizations as Germany. Third, conversion to integrated education of unification education. Germany is conducting comprehensive education naming unification education as the political education. We also should prepare for coming unification in the near future by complementing the content by converting the mere unification education to comprehensive and integrated education.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.623-629
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• 1998

To provide sufficient sound to the hearing-impaired person(HIP) who have many difficulty in communication with others using general telephone, big amplification is needed. But big amplification can occur howling as a side effect. In this study we developed the new technique of big amplification without howling, manufactured and estimated the new hearing aid telephone. Telephone speech is divided to three frequency band, amplified respectively and fitted to HIP's hearing ability. The telephone speech frequency is monitored by counter in time domain. The counter transfers the sinusoidal sound to rectangular wave using comparator and counts the number of rectangular wave in a certain time period, that is frequency, to monitor the howling. Telephone have microphone and speaker, which are fitted in a rigid structure and frequency band of telephone sound is limited, so howling occurs in the limited frequency band. If the counter notices that howling conditions happen, microprocessor decreases quickly the gain of the related frequency band. The result of test of our new hearing aid telephone showed that we can amplifiy the sound as much as 40dB, which is meaningful level to many HIP, and make HIP increase their perception ability from 20% to 60.8% in 1 syllable test and from 28.9% to 78% in 2 syllable test.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2008

To evaluate biochemical safety of gejang distributed in Korea, 33 samples were collected and analyzed for indicator microorganisms, pathogen, parasite, pH, volatile basic nitrogen(VBN), salinity, 3-MCPD, histamine, and synthetic food colors. Total plate counts of gejang were the range of 3 to 7 log cfu/g and coliform were the range of ND to 4 log cfu/g. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected from 4 samples, and Escherichia coli(1 log cfu/g) and copepoda were detected from 1 sample among those. pH and VBN value of samples were the range of 6.69 to 8.10 and 21.99 to 94.55 mg%, respectively. The ranges of salinity concentration for ganjang chamgejang, ganjang ggokgejang, and ganjang dolgejang were $11.6{\sim}32.6%,\;2.8{\sim}20.5%$, and $11.6{\sim}13.3%$, respectively. But, the range of salinity concentration of yangnum gejang was $2.6{\sim}9.4%$, which was lower than ganjang gejang. Besides, 3-MCPD, histamine and synthetic food colors were not detected. From the results, most of gejang was appropriate for Korea national standard for food regulation, but still biological hygiene control for raw materials, processing, and distribution should be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2005

Though Digital Map Ver. 2.0 is adequate to GIS, the possibility to gain information from its external form and the ease of producing paper map had retrogressed. In this research, concerned with the problems, we plan to make Digital Map Ver. 2.0, which satisfies the conditions of GIS. It will have geometrical and logical data structure, and also possess informative ability as much as that of Ver. 1.0. For the study, the process to analyze the topographic code, color, code priority order, etc. of paper relief map, digital map Ver. 1.0, and digital map Ver. 2.0 was taken. For the topographical feature with diverse expression, we changed the portrayal of digital map Ver. 2.0 to make it fit the regulations of map portrayal. At the point of topographic code priority order, the rule is to arrange them in the same order as the real territory. However, we made a special code in the case of any change of the locational order. According to the property of this study, we observe the regulations of map portrayal, for the elements related to subjective sense, such as colors. And we give priority on the data construction when the portrayal of topographical feature and the schema of GIS database system are contradictory.