• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.276-280
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• 2013

Obesity, the leading metabolic disease, is a prevalent health problem in industrialized countries and is closely associated with coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and even cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of dip-sauce for meat containing Garcinia cambogia extract (GC) on the lipid accumulation and body weight reduction in rats fed high-fat diet for three months. Eighteen Sprague Dawley male rats of five-week-old were randomly assigned to one of three groups; normal chew diet (NCD) group, high-fat diet plus GC-noncontaining dip-sauce (HFD) group, and HFD plus GC-containing dip-sauce (HFD+GC) group. Co-administration of GC-containing dip-sauce (5 g/kg body weight/day) with HFD significantly attenuated cumulative body weight gain, compared with NCD or HFD groups. Both epididymal and perirenal fat pad weights in the HFD plus GC group were significantly lower than those of HFD or NCD groups. Administration of GC-containing dip-sauce also resulted in significant reduction in the serum levels of total cholesterol, total lipid, and triglyceride, compared with NCD or HFD groups. Thus, GC-containing dip-sauce confers beneficial effects to pathological states associated with metabolic disorder via its anti-obesity and lipid lowering properties.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

Objectives Osteoporosis is a common disease in adults with prevalence rate of more than 40%, and occurs more to female than to male. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of Bia-hwan ($F{\acute{e}}i{\acute{e}}r$-$w{\acute{a}}n$) on the osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats. Methods 24 female rats were randomly assigned to a SHAM group, a control group, and a BAH group. Ovaries of the control group and the BAH group were extracted. After than, general animal feed were given to the SHAM group and the control group, animal feed contained BAH were given to the BAH group through mouths of them. After 8 weeks, rats were sacrificed and their weight, calcium, phosphorus, estradiol, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, ALP, albumin, AST, ALT, the weight of femur and tibia ash per body ratio, both area and thickness of trabecular bone, the area of osteoblast and the number of osteoclast were measured. Results The level of calcium, phosphorus, AST in the serum of the BAH group increased significantly compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between the control group and the BAH group in the level of estradiol, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, ALP, albumin, and ALT in the serum. There was no significant difference between the control group and the BAH group in the weight of femur and tibia ash per body ratio. The thickness of trabecular of the BAH group increased significantly compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference in the trabecular area. The area of osteoblast and the number of osteoclast of the BAH group decreased significantly compared to the control group. Conclusions From the results of the above study, oral intake of BAH can inhibit the decrease of calcium, phosphorus in blood and prevent the thinning process of the trabecular by suppressing activation of osteoclast. Thus, BAH may have effects on the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2003

연구목적: 스테로이드 계통의 에스트로겐 호르몬은 막 수용체와 결합하고 DNA에 부착되어, 자궁조직에서 발현되는 많은 유전자들의 발현 양상을 조절하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 난소를 제거한 생쥐 모델을 이용하여 에스트로겐에 의해 조절되는 전사 관련 유전자(transcription factor)들을 동정하고, early up-regulation gene으로 확인된 Fos related antigen (Fra1과 Fra2) 유전자의 발현 양상을 RT-PCR과 면역염색방법으로 살펴보았다. 연구재료 및 방법: 난소 절제술을 시행한 생쥐에 에스트로겐을 피하주사하고 2, 4, 6, 12시간 간격으로 자궁조직을 적출하였다. 대조군으로는 sesame oil만을 주사한 후 2시간째에 수획한 자궁조직을 사용하였으며, 시간대별로 채취한 자궁조직(n=4)에서 RT-PCR을 수행하였다. RT-PCR을 통해 early response gene으로 확인된 Fra1과 Fra2에 대한 에스트로겐의 영향을 살펴보기 위해 estrogen receptor antagonist인 ICI 182, 780을 주사하여 유전자 발현 양상의 변화를 살펴보았다. 또한, 자궁조직내에서의 단백질 발현 부위를 관찰하기 위해 면역조직화학염색을 실시하였다. 결 과: 생쥐 자궁조직에서 에스트로겐에 의해 발현 양상의 변화가 확인된 유전자는 early up-regulation genes (CREB2, Fra-1, 2, GATA5), late up-regulation gene (E2F1), no response genes (CREB1, ATF1, GLI3, E2F3), down-regulation genes (GLI2, E2F5, GATA-2, 3, 6) 등으로 구분할 수 있었다. 그 중 early up-regulation genes에 해당하는 Fra1과 Fra2 유전자는 ICI 182, 780에 의해 그 발현이 유의하게 감소되는 것을 확인하였다(p < 0.01). 이들 단백질은 생쥐 자궁조직의 상피세포층, 기질층, 근육층에서 고루 발현되었으며, 특히 근육층에서 강한 염색정도를 관찰할 수 있었다. 결 론: 이상의 결과를 통해 Fra1과 Fra2 유전자의 발현은 에스트로겐에 의해 조절됨을 알 수 있었으며, 이들의 강한 발현이 자궁조직의 근육층에서 관찰되어 이들의 기능에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.1 s.270
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Backgound: It has been shown that the endothelium of cardiac valves and adjacent great vessels have a reduced immune reaction compared to other vessels. We investigated the clinical feasibility of using immunologically untreated xenogenic valves, in a pig-to-goat pulmonary valve conduit implantation model. Material and Method: Porcine pulmonary valve conduits were prepared without specific immunologic treatment and implanted into the right ventricular outflow tract of goats while undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Two goats each were assigned to the following observation time intervals: one day, one week, three months, six months and twelve months. Echo-cardiographic examinations were performed prior to sacrifice of the goat to evaluate pulmonary valve function. After the xenograft specimens were retrieved, histological changes were evaluated microscopically. Result: Ten of the twelve animals survived the predetermined observation time intervals. Aneurysmal dilatations, of the anterior wall of the implanted pulmonary artery, were observed at each of three and twelve month-survival animals. A variable degree of pulmonary valve regurgitation was observed on echocardiography. However, valve stenosis, thrombotic occlusion and vegetation were not seen. Microscopically, the nuclei of the donor tissue disappeared as a result of pyknosis and karyolysis; however the three components of the implanted xenografts (the pulmonary artery, the valve and the infundibulum) were gradually replaced by host cells over time, while maintaining their structural integrity. Conclusion: Immunologically untreated xenogenic pulmonary valve conduits were replaced by host cells with few observed clinical problems in a pig to goat pulmonary valve implantation model. Therefore, they might be an alternative bioprosthesis option.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.137-146
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• 2012

This study investigated whether ferulic acid modulates the heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and HO-2 expression in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced brain injury. Rats (Sprague-Dawley, male) were treated with vehicle or ferulic acid (100 mg/kg, i.v.) before MCAO, and cerebral cortex tissues were collected 24 h after MCAO. This study clearly confirmed the protective effects of ferulic acid during MCAO-induced damage using hematoxylin and eosin staining. MCAO induces nuclear chromatin condensations and necrotic changes with scalloped shrunken form. However, ferulic acid prevented MCAO-induced histopathological changes. HO-1 and HO-2 expression levels were measured using reverse-transcription PCR and Western blot analyses. HO-1 levels were decreased in vehicle-treated animals after MCAO, whereas this decrease in HO-1 levels was attenuated by ferulic acid treatment. However, the level of HO-2 was consistently maintained in the cerebral cortex of vehicle- and ferulic acid-treated animals after MCAO. These results demonstrated that ferulic acid regulates HO-1 expression in ischemic brain injury, while ferulic acid do not modulate HO-2 expression in MACO. In conclusion, these findings suggest that ferulic acid exerts a neuroprotective effect by preventing the MCAO-induced decrease of HO-1 expression.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

Objectives : Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that decreases bone density and increases the risk of fractures. Bisphosphonates and SERMs are mainly used to treat osteoporosis, but, long-term use increases the risk of side effects such as jaw bone necrosis and breast cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a therapeutic agent for a natural product with few side effects. Water extract of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (wLF) was mainly found to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of wLF on osteoporosis has not been elucidated. Therefore, this experiment investigated the effect of wLF on osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteoporosis models. Methods : In order to study the effect of wLF on osteoporosis, the OVX-induced rat model was used for in vivo study. After 8 weeks, we measured body weight, uterine weight, liver weight, femur weight, bone density, trabecular area and tibia ash weight. To determine the effect of wLF on osteoclast differentiation, we measured the number of TRAP-positive cells and TRAP activity. To examine the effect of wLF on the expression of osteoblast-related genes, we measured the mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, Alpl) and osteocalcin (OCN, Bglap2). Results : In vivo experiment, wLF inhibited the reduction of femur weight, trabecular area, bone density and tibia ash weight. In vitro experiment, wLF had no significant effect on osteoclast differentiation. However, wLF increased the mRNA expression of Alpl and Bglap2 in MC3T3-E1 cell. Conclusions : This result suggested that wLF may be used for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.835-841
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• 2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic ability of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for Composition determination of urinary stones in phantom model. Seventeen cases with urinary stones who underwent DECT were enrolled in the study. The composition of the urinary stones was extracted from the seventeen patients were analyzed with DECT in phantom model with fresh pork. The volume scan method using Dual-energy software was used and the scanned image sets were assessed. All 17 urinary stones of the phantom model were analyzed according to the stone composition using DE stone Analysis were divided into uric acid stones (n=6, 35.29%) and non-uric acid stones (n=11, 64.71%). These urinary stones were pathologically confirmed. The mean attenuation values of uric acid stones at 135 kV, 100 kV and 80 kV was 348.87 ± 166.37 HU, 345.33 ± 151.18 HU and 337.94 ± 172.77 HU, respectively. The mean attenuation values of non-uric acid stones at 135 kV, 100 kV and 80 kV was 551.93 ± 297.09 HU, 747.04 ± 351.31 HU and 958.19 ± 424.72 HU, respectively. At 80 kV, uric acid stones and non-uric acid stones showed significant difference in the attenuation values(P<0.05). The attenuation values of DECT could differentiate the compositions of urinary stones between uric acid and non-uric acid stones at 80 kV in phantom model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2012

Micro-computed tomography (microCT) is an important tool for preclinical vascular imaging, with micron-level resolution. This non-destructive means of imaging allows for rapid collection of 2D and 3D reconstructions to visualize specimens prior to destructive analysis such as pathological analysis. Objectives. The aim of this study was to suggest a method for ex vivo, postmortem examination of stented arterial segments with microCT. And ex vivo evaluation of stents such as bare metal or drug eluting stents on in-stent restenosis (ISR) in rabbit model was performed. The bare metal stent (BMS) and drug eluting stent (DES, paclitaxel) were implanted in the left or right iliac arteries alternatively in eight New Zealand white rabbits. After 4 weeks of post-implantation, the part of iliac arteries surrounding the stent were removed carefully and processed for microCT. Prior to microCT analysis, a contrast medium was loaded to lumen of stents. All samples were subjected to an X-ray source operating at 50 kV and 200 ${\mu}A$ by using a 3D isotropic resolution. The region of interest was traced and measured by CTAN analytical software. Objects being exposed to radiation had different Hounsfield unit each other with values of approximately 1.2 at stent area, 0.12 ~ 0.17 at a contrast medium and 0 ~ 0.06 at outer area of stent. Based on above, further analyses were performed. As a result, the difference of lengths and volumes between expanded stents, which may relate to injury score in pathological analysis, was not different significantly. Moreover, ISR area of BMS was 1.6 times higher than that of DES, indicating that paclitaxel has inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and prevent infiltration of restenosis into lumen of stent. And ISR area of BMS was higher ($1.52{\pm}0.48mm^2$) than that of DES ($0.94{\pm}0.42mm^2$), indicating that paclitaxel has inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and prevent infiltration of restenosis into lumen of stent. Though it was not statistically significant, it showed that the extent of neointema of mid-region of stents was relatively higher than that of anterior and posterior region in parts of BMS as showing cross-sectional 2-D image. suggest that microCT can be utilized as an accessorial tool for pathological analysis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.662-671
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• 2001

Background: This study was aimed to assess improvement in myocardial perfusion after TMR by measuring regional myocardial blood flow(RMBF) in porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia. Material and Method: Ameroid ring was placed around the proximal left circumflex coronary artery in fourteen pigs. After 4 weeks, the control group(7 pigs) underwent rethoracotomy only, and the TMR group(7 pigs) underwent Ho:YAG laser TMR at the circumflex territory. After another 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed for the measurement of RMBF using colored microspheres. The ratio of RMBF between the circumflex territory and the interventricular septum was calculated and compared. Result: At 4 weeks after ameroid constriction, RMBF of the circumflex territory decreased to 46∼89% of RMBF of the interventricular septum. In five of six animals in the TMR group, RMBF of the circumflex territory at 8 weeks after ameroid constriction was higher compared with RMBF at 4 weeks after ameroid constriction. However, the improvement was statistically significant only in two animals. In three of the four animals in the control group, RMBF of the circumflex territory also increased at 8 weeks compared with RMBF at 4 weeks. The degree of increase in RMBF was not different between the control and the TMR groups. Conclusion: In porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia, the degree of increase in RMBF of the ischemic area after Ho:YAG TMR was not different from the increase by development of native collateral circulation. Perfusion of ischemic myocardium after TMR is not thought to improve to the degree that can be demonstrated by currently available method of assessment such as radioisotope myocardial scintigraphy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2008

Background: Isoniazid (INH, H) is a key drug of the standard first-line regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), yet some reports have suggested that treatment efficacy was maintained even though INH was omitted from the treatment regimen. Methods: One hundred forty C57BL/6 mice were infected with the H37Rv strain of M. tuberculosis with using a Glas-Col aerosol generation device, and this resulted in depositing about 100 bacilli in the lung. Four weeks after infection, anti-TB treatment was initiated with varying regimens for 4-8 weeks; Group 1: no treatment (control), Group 2 (4HREZ): 4 weeks of INH, rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z) and ethambutol (E), Group 3: 1HREZ/3REZ, Group 4: 4REZ, Group 5: 4HREZ/4HRE, Group 6: 1HREZ/3REZ/4RE, and Group 7: 4REZ/4RE. The lungs and spleens were harvested at several time points until 28 weeks after infection, and the colony-forming unit (CFU) counts were determined. Results: The CFU counts increased steadily after infection in the control group. In the 4-week treatment groups (Group 2-4), even though the culture was negative at treatment completion, the bacilli grew again at the 12-week and 20-week time points after completion of treatment. In the 8-week treatment groups (Groups 5-7), the bacilli did not grow in the lung at 4 weeks after treatment initiation and thereafter. In the spleens of Group 7 in which INH was omitted from the treatment regimen, the culture was negative at 4-weeks after treatment initiation and thereafter. However, in Groups 5 and 6 in which INH was taken continuously or intermittently, the bacilli grew in the spleen at some time points after completion of treatment. Conclusion: TThe exclusion of INH from the standard first-line regimen did not affect the treatment outcome in a murine model of TB in the early stage of disease. Further studies using a murine model of chronic TB are necessary to clarify the role of INH in the standard first-line regimen for treating TB.