• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2015

Recently, the environment of a hospital information system is a trend to combine various SMART technologies. Accordingly, various smart devices, such as a smart phone, Tablet PC is utilized in the medical information system. Also, these environments consist of various applications executing on heterogeneous sensors, devices, systems and networks. In these hospital information system environment, applying a security service by traditional access control method cause a problems. Most of the existing security system uses the access control list structure. It is only permitted access defined by an access control matrix such as client name, service object method name. The major problem with the static approach cannot quickly adapt to changed situations. Hence, we needs to new security mechanisms which provides more flexible and can be easily adapted to various environments with very different security requirements. In addition, for addressing the changing of service medical treatment of the patient, the researching is needed. In this paper, we suggest a dynamic approach to medical information systems in smart mobile environments. We focus on how to access medical information systems according to dynamic access control methods based on the existence of the hospital's information system environments. The physical environments consist of a mobile x-ray imaging devices, dedicated mobile/general smart devices, PACS, EMR server and authorization server. The software environment was developed based on the .Net Framework for synchronization and monitoring services based on mobile X-ray imaging equipment Windows7 OS. And dedicated a smart device application, we implemented a dynamic access services through JSP and Java SDK is based on the Android OS. PACS and mobile X-ray image devices in hospital, medical information between the dedicated smart devices are based on the DICOM medical image standard information. In addition, EMR information is based on H7. In order to providing dynamic access control service, we classify the context of the patients according to conditions of bio-information such as oxygen saturation, heart rate, BP and body temperature etc. It shows event trace diagrams which divided into two parts like general situation, emergency situation. And, we designed the dynamic approach of the medical care information by authentication method. The authentication Information are contained ID/PWD, the roles, position and working hours, emergency certification codes for emergency patients. General situations of dynamic access control method may have access to medical information by the value of the authentication information. In the case of an emergency, was to have access to medical information by an emergency code, without the authentication information. And, we constructed the medical information integration database scheme that is consist medical information, patient, medical staff and medical image information according to medical information standards.y Finally, we show the usefulness of the dynamic access application service based on the smart devices for execution results of the proposed system according to patient contexts such as general and emergency situation. Especially, the proposed systems are providing effective medical information services with smart devices in emergency situation by dynamic access control methods. As results, we expect the proposed systems to be useful for u-hospital information systems and services.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.154-160
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• 2006

Purpose: According to the 2nd English Edition of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) in 1998, in case of distal gastric cancer, the 14v (superior mesenteric vein) lymph node (LN) is included in the N2 group. However, in Korea, a modified radical gastrectomy is performed, and a 14v LN dissection is not done as a routine procedure. Thus, we investigated the rate of metastatic 14v LNs, evaluated the necessity of dissection of the 14v LN, and searched for indications of 14v LN dissection. Materials and Methods: From April 2004 to August 2005, we enrolled the patients who were diagnosed as having advanced gastric cancer in the distal third portion of the stomach. We peformed a distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection as defined in the 2nd English edition of the JGCA classification. We calculated the positive rate of metastatic LNs of each station and analyzed the relationship between the positive rates of No.6 LNs and 14v LNs. We also compared the positive 14v LN group with the negative 14v LN group. Results: The total number of patients was 50, the mean age was 56 (range $30{\sim}80$) years, and sex ratio (Male/Female) was 1.63 : 1. In 47 (94%) cases, distal a gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy was done, and in the remaining 3 (6%) cases, a distal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy was done. The most frequently metastatic LNs were nos. 3 and 6 (54%). The metastatic rate of the f4v LN was 10%, which was similar to that of LN no. 9. In the comparison of the 14v positive group with the 14v negative group, there were significant differences in the numbers of metastatic LNs (mean 25.4 vs 4.91, P<0.001) and the numbers of metastatic no. 6 LNs, (mean 6.8 vs 1.42, P<0.001), and if no. 6 LNs were metastatic, the possibility of metastasis to the 14v LN was 19.2%. In the 14v positive group, all cases were more than stage 3 by the UICC 6th edition. Conclusion: In cases of advanced cancer with metastasis to the no. 6 IN, there was a good chance of metastasis to the 14v LN. Thus, in the operative field, if the tumor is advanced to more than stage 3 by the UICC classification and the no. 6 LN is metastatic, a 14v LN dissection is necessary. However, the usefulness of a 14v LN dissection should be evaluated prospectively through an analysis of tumor recurrence and long-term survival.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.4 s.261
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• pp.289-297
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• 2006

Background: Surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection shows a high operative mortality rate and frequent postoperative brain injury. This study was designed to find out the risk factors leading to operative mortality and brain injury after surgical repair in patients with type A aortic dissection. Material and Method: One hundred and eleven patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repair between February, 1995 and January 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 99 acute dissections and 12 chronic dissections. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify risk factors of operative mortality and brain injury. Resuit: Hospital mortality occurred in 6 patients (5.4%). Permanent neurologic deficit occurred in 8 patients (7.2%) and transient neurologic deficit in 4 (3.6%). Overall 1, 5, 7 year survival rate was 94.4, 86.3, and 81.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed 4 risk factors to be statistically significant as predictors of mortality: previous chronic type III dissection, emergency operation, intimal tear in aortic arch, and deep hypothemic circulatory arrest (DHCA) for more than 45 minutes. Multivariate analysis revealed previous chronic type III aortic dissection (odds ratio (OR) 52.2), and DHCA for more than 45 minutes (OR 12.0) as risk factors of operative mortality. Pathological obesity (OR 12.9) and total arch replacement (OR 8.5) were statistically significant risk factors of brain injury in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The result of surgical repair for Stanford type A aortic dissection was good when we took into account the mortality rate, the incidence of neurologic injury, and the long-term survival rate. Surgery of type A aortic dissection in patients with a history of chronic type III dissection may increase the risk of operative mortality. Special care should be taken and efforts to reduce the hypothermic circulatory arrest time should alway: be kept in mind. Surgeons who are planning to operate on patients with pathological obesity, or total arch replacement should be seriously consider for there is a higher risk of brain injury.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.129-146
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• 2003

Research was initiated to compare establishment vigor, uniformity, rooting potential and turf quality in sods of cool-season grasses (CSG). Several turfgrasses grown under pure sand soil were tested. Establishment vigor, uniformity, rooting potential and turf quality were evaluated in the study. Turfgrass entries were comprised of three blends from Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (PR, Lolium perenne L.), and tall fescue (TF, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), respectively and three mixtures among them. Differences by treatments were significantly observed in establishment vigor, uniformity, rooting potential and turf quality. Early establishment vigor was mainly influenced by germination speed, being fastest with PR, intermediate with TF and slowest with KB. In a late stage of growth, however, it was affected more by growth habit, resulting in highest with KB and slowest with TF. There were considerable variations in sod uniformity among turfgrasses. Best uniformity among monostand sods was associated with KB, while poorest one with TF. PR sod produced intermediate uniformity between KB and TF. The uniformity of polystand sods of CSG mixtures was inferior to that of monostands of KB, PR and TF, due to characteristics of mixtures comprised of a variety of color, density, texture and growth habit. The greatest potential of sod rooting was found with PR and the poorest with KB. Intermediate potential between PR and KB was associated with TF. In CSG mixtures, it was variable, depending on turfgrass mixing rates. Generally, the higher the PR in mixtures, the greater the sod rooting potential. At the time of sod harvest, however, turfgrass quality of KB was superior to that of PR. because of its characteristics of uniform surface, high density and good mowing quality. These results suggest that a careful expertise based on turf quality as well as sod characteristics like establishment vigor, uniformity and rooting potential be strongly required for the success of golf course or athletic field in establishment.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.1 s.39
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• pp.65-76
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to segment adolescents into groups by Satir's communication and self-esteem and to investigate the differences among the groups regarding impulse buying of clothing and clothing behavior. The study distributed the questionnaires to the adolescents who were high school students in seoul. The total respondents were 596. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, k-means cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, regression and ${\chi}2-test$. Factor analysis showed that impulse buying of clothing had three dimensions: sensitive aspects of products stimulation, marketing situation stimulation and non-Plan stimulation. K-means cluster analysis showed that adolescents were segmented into four groups(blame-high self esteem, placate-high self esteem, blame-low self esteem, placate-low self esteem). The four groups were significantly different in regard to three dimensions of sensitive aspects of products stimulation, marketing situation stimulation and non-plan stimulation. For example, placate-high and low self esteem groups were influenced by sensitive aspects of products stimulation and marketing situation stimulation(-). And blame-high and low self esteem groups were influenced by marketing situation stimulation.

• Proceedings of the EASDL Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.15-29
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• 2008

"떡"을 대표로 하는 중국 밀 문화는 선사시기의 야생 식물 재배는 역사상의 가공과 이용으로부터 현대 사회의 정밀 가공, 더 깊은 가공의 광범위한 이용에 이르기까지 수천 년의 긴 역사과정을 거쳤다. 그러나 20세기말 이전까지만 해도 밀가루는 중국 사람의 주식 원료 구성에서 그다지 중요하지 않은 위치에 있었다. 하지만 분명해야 할 것은 어떤 종류의 곡물이 한 민족의 주식 원료 구성에서의 높고 낮은 비중이 결코 간단하게 그 사회 의미와 문화가치의 높고 낮음과는 동일시할 수 없다. 중국 사람의 밀 식용 역사가 바로 하나의 전형적인 사례이다. 선진(先秦)시기, 밀의 재배와 식용은 주로 식량 공급이 줄곧 긴장된 상태에 처해있는 각 정권의 "接濟靑黃"(구제식량)하는 전략적 물자였다. 그러나 선진(先秦)시기에서 밀은 경제가치가 아주 높은 곡물은 아니었다. 그 원인은 밀의 무(畝)생산량이 상대적으로 낮을 뿐만 아니라 종자의 수요량도 상대적으로 크기 때문이다. 묵은 곡식은 다 사용되고 새 곡식이 무르익지 않은 공백기에 있는(청황불접) 시기에 전략적 곡식의 사회와 정치 의미 외에 강한 적응성, 광범위한 분포와 낮은 단가가 또한 밀의 상대적 장점으로 될 수 있다. 밀의 경제와 문화가치는 주로 한대(漢代)이후 차츰 드러났다. 혁명적인 변화는 바로 가루 음식의 섭취와 계속적인 확대이다. 밀을 가루로 내어 식용한 후 차츰 기타 곡물의 편의식품 전통 공간을 대체하였고, 한대(漢代)의 딤섬류 식품 "한구(寒具)(고대에 곡물가루 튀김 음식물 현재의 타래떡 등)"에 사용되는 재료도 거의 밀가루를 사용하였다. 오늘날 중국 사람이 자랑으로 여기는 전통식품인 국수, 만두, 혼돈(餛飩), 포자(包子), 소맥(燒麥), 떡, 찐빵(饅頭), 고(糕) 및 공업화 식품인 과자, 빵, 라면, 햄버거 등은 모두 밀가루를 기본 원료로 사용하고 있다. 나아가서 더욱 정밀하고, 다양한 딤섬 종류도 밀가루를 기본 원료로 한 주요 무대이다. 20세기말 이후 밀 소비 인구가 계속 확대되는 추세였으며 높은 소비량은 밀의 재배 면적 확대와 재배지역 확장을 결정하였다. 밀 소비량은 중국 사람의 주식 원료 소비에서 이미 근근이 벼 뒤를 잇는 지위에 올랐다. 통계 자료에 따르면 1949년 중국 밀 면적은 2,185만 헥타르로, 전국 식량 작물 총 면적의 19.6%, 총 생산량 1,380만 톤으로 전국 식량 작물 총 생산량의 12.2%에 달한다. 1980년에 이르러 면적은 2,884만 헥타르로, 총 생산량은 5,416만 톤에 달하였으며, 각각 식량작물 총면적의 24.8%, 총 생산량의 17.0%를 차지하였다. 1981이후 중국 밀 생산량은 또한, 새로운 발전을 가졌으며, 주로 단위 면적 생산량이 비교적 크게 증가되었고 총 생산량도 큰 폭으로 증가되었다. 1981~1985년과 1976~1980년의 5년 평균치를 비교한 결과 재배 면적은 같았으나(단지 0.2%만 증가), 단위 면적당 생산량 및 총 생산량은 46% 증가하였으며, 연평균 증가율이 9.2%에 달하여 50년 이래에 증가 속도가 가장 빠른 시기였다. 비록 지금 중국인의 "배부르게 먹기"문제는 이미 기본적으로 해결되었으나 장기적으로 "배부르게 먹기"의 물질적 보장은 여전히 취약하다. 농사가 가능한 경지면적의 급속한 격감으로 단위 면적당 생산량의 압력을 증가되었다. 국가 표준에 따르면 품질이 좋은 밀은 "탄력이 강한 고품질 밀"과 "탄력이 약한 고품질 밀" 두 가지로 구분된다. 지금 중국 시장의 추세를 보면 밀 품종의 선택에서 주로 탄력이 강한 고품질 밀을 선택하는데 즉 글루텐량이 높고 탄력이 강하며 품질이 좋은 전문 용도에 사용되는 밀을 선택한다. 탄력이 강한 고품질 밀은 주로 빵, 라면, 만두 등 밀가루 탄력을 요구하는 음식을 만드는데 사용된다. 그 중에서 모든 빵은 탄력이 강한 고품질 밀을 사용하고 밀에 대한 품질 요구도 또한 높다. 빵가루의 품질을 높이기 위하여 일부 전문 밀가루 생산 공장에서는 국산 고품질 밀에 수입 고품질 밀을 첨가하여 사용한다. 만두가루를 가공할 경우도 고품질 밀을 첨가하여 밀가루의 품질을 높이고 음식을 맛을 증가한다. 일부 품질이 떨어진 밀에 대하여 고품질 밀을 첨가하여 내부의 품질을 개선하고 찐빵이나 기타 밀가루 음식으로 가공한다. 예를 들면 중국 동북 지역에서는 고품질 밀과 봄밀을 섞어 밀가루의 봄밀의 품질을 개선한다. 총괄적으로 밀에 대한 욕구는 계속 장기적으로 벼에 버금가는 위치를 유지할 것이며 고품질 밀에 대한 욕구는 더욱 강한 추세로 발전할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.252-261
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• 2000

Objectivity：This study was conducted to examine the depression, self-concept, perception of stress & coping strategy in children with chronic physical illness. Methods：Two groups of participants were recruited for this study, 13 children with chronic illness in outpatient or inpatient treatment at Seoul National University Children's Hospital, and 13 nonpatient children. They were assessed using Korean form of the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale (PHSCS), Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) and three subscaleds('color how you feel' 'color how others make you feel' 'A children in the rain' of Children's Self-Report and Projective Inventory(CSRPI). Result：There were significant differences between the chronic ill children and the healthy children in scores of depression and self-concept. The chronicity ill children were more depressive and had very negative self-concept, and obtained significantly lower scores than the healthy children in the subscales of PHSCS, 'intellectual/school status' and 'popularity' Among three scales of CSRPI, there was no difference in 'color how you feel' and 'color how others make you feel' But there were significant differences in all items of 'A child in the rain'(quantity of raining, duration of raining, tool, and effectiveness). 'Duration of raining' correlated most negatively with PHSCS scores, and correlated positively with CDI scores. Conclusion：The children with chronic illness are more depressive and have very negative selfconcept. And they feel that the stresses are more permanent, but have no appropriate coping strategy. The results suggest that the chronic illness strongly affects the psychological and emotional adjustment of children(i.e. depression, peer relation, stress coping strategy).

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of body shape and the patient alignment state during image-guided volumetric modulated arc therapy in head and neck cancer patients, Materials and Methods: We performed a image-guided volumetric modulated arc therapy plan for 89 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent curative radiotherapy. Ten of them were evaluated for set up error. The landmarks of the ramus, chin, posterior neck, and clavicle were specified using ARIA software (Offline review), and the positional difference was analyzed. Results: The re-CT simulation therapy was performed in 60 men with $17{\pm}4$ cycles of treatment. The weight loss rate was $-6.47{\pm}3.5%$. 29 women performed re-CT simulation at $17{\pm}5$ cycles As a result, weight loss rate was $-5.73{\pm}2.7%$. The distance from skin to C1, C3, and C5 was measured, and both clavicle levels were observed to measure the skin shrinkage changes. The skin shrinkage standard deviations were C1 (${\pm}0.44cm$), C3 (${\pm}0.83cm$), and C5 (${\pm}1.35cm$), which is about 1 mm shrinkage per 0.5 kg reduction. Skin shrinkage according to the number of treatments was 1 ~ 4 fractions (no change), 5 ~ 13 fractions (-2 mm), 14 ~ 22 fractions (-4 mm) and 23 ~ 30 fractions (-6 mm). Conclusion: When the body shape changes about 5 mm, the central dose starts to differ about 3 % or more. Therefore, the CT simulation treatment for the adaptive therapy should be additionally performed. In addition, it is necessary to actively study the CT simulation therapy method and set up method of the lower neck and to examine the use of a new immobilization device.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2015

This study firstly provides basic data for selection of cultivatable bioenergy grass in barren reclaimed lands applied with solidified sewage sludge. The experimental plots consisted of a plot containing reclaimed land mixed with solidified sewage sludge (MSS 50), a plot covered by solidified sewage sludge (CSS 100), and an original reclaimed soil plot (ORS). The growth, biomass production of bioenergy grasses and soil chemical properties were investigated in each experimental plot for 5 years. The organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (T-N) content in both MSS 50 and CSS 100 were considerably higher than those in ORS. In bioenergy grasses, M. sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 showed an excellent growth and adaptability on reclaimed land applied with solidified sewage sludge. The application of solidified sewage sludge may provided soil nutrition in the reclaimed land due to the fact that bioenergy crops grew better in soils applied with solidified sewage sludge than in untreated soils, and treated soils had higher OM and T-N content than untreated soils. This study suggests that M. sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 is the most suitable biomass feedstock crop for biomass production and that solidified sewage sludge may be used as a soil material for cultivation of bioenergy grass on reclaimed lands.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1992

From March 1979 through December 1986, 124 patients with early stage carcinoma of the uterine cervix received curative radiation therapy. According to FIGO classification, 35 patients were stage IB and 89 were stge II A. In stage IB, five year locoregional control, five year disease free survival, and five year overall survival was $79.0\%$, $76.4\%$ and $81.8\%$, respectively. In stage II A, five year locoregional control, five year disease free survival, and five year overall survival were $78.0\%$, $66.8\%$, and $72.1\%$, respectively. To identify prognostic factors, pretreatment parameters including age, ECOG performance status, number of pregnancies, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, histology, size and shape of primary tumor, CT findings and blood parameters were retrospectively analyzed in terms of locoregional control, disease free survival and overall survival using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, tumor size on physicai examination and rectal invasion on CT significantly affected locoregional control, disease free survival and overall survival. Parametrial involvement on CT was a significant prognostic factor on locoregional control and disease free survival. Hemoglobin level affected disease free survival and overall survival. Histology and age were significant prognostic factors on locoregional control. In multivariate analysis excluding CT finding, tumor size on physical examination was a significant factor in terms of locoregioal control and overall survival. Hemoglobin level was significant in terms of disease free survival. In multivariate analysis including CT, histology was a prognostic factor on locoregional control and disease free survival. Hemoglobin level and rectal invasion on CT were significant factors on locoregional control.