• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.242-251
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• 2012

To investigate foodweb of aquatic ecosystem in the Tamjin River, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes ratios of aquatic organisms, as well as environmental indicators based on the water, were determined in this study. Various organisms such as fishes (Coreoperca kawamebari, Zacco platypus, Cobitis lutheri, and Pungtungia herzi) and periphyton (epilithon and epiphyte), and particulate- and coarse particulate organic matters (POM and CPOM) were collected in upper (Tamjin River, Yuchi Stream, and Omcheon Stream) and lower (TJ-1~TJ-5) reaches of Jangheung Dam. The nitrate concentration and ${\delta}^{15}N$ signature of POM and organisms (invertebrates and fish) were found to be more enriched toward the downstream section of the river. It was determined that allochthonous matter occurring from a tributary alters the chemical character of water, as well as the isotopic signature of organisms contained therein. Attached algae (ephilithon) were identified as a base component of the benthic foodchain further downstream.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2008

To evaluate the extent of Sea-Nine 211 (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3(2H) isothiazolone), one of the alternating organic booster compound used in antifouling paint to replace TBT, on marine benthic bivalve, we injected Sea-Nine 211 to clam, Pseudocardium sachalinensis, and then determined some xenobiotics metabolizing enzyme activities, especially EROD (ethoxyresorufin deethylase) and MROD (methoxyresorufin demethylase), in digestive gland during 4 day-exposure period. Moreover, the results were compared with those of TBT exposed clam. CYP1A1 dependant EROD activity in both the Sea-Nine 211 and the TBTC exposure groups showed no significant differences compared to those of the solvent control group. CYP1A2 dependant MROD activity in Sea-Nine 211 exposure group was significantly induced, but no significant difference was obtained in the TBTC exposure group. These results indicate that Sea-Nine 211 demonstrated a tendency to induce MROD activity, while TBTC inhibits the activities of this enzyme.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1383-1394
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• 2011

Environmental impacts of suspended solids (SS) released in coastal area by dredging, reclamation and construction can cause serious damages to coastal habitats and benthic organisms. Acute toxicity tests (4-7 days) were conducted to identify the relationship between SS concentration and mortality of three marine benthic species; benthic copepod (Tigriopus japonicus) adult, Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) spat, and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fry. Benthic copepod was the most sensitive to SS followed by olive flounder fry and Pacific abalone spat, with an $LC_{50}$ (lethal concentration of 50% mortality) value of 61.0 mg/L and LOEC (lowest observed effective concentration) value of 31.3 mg/L for benthic copepod. LOEC and 7 day-$LC_{50}$ for Pacific abalone spat were 500.0 mg/L and 1887.7 mg/L, and those for olive flounder fry were 125.0 mg/L and 156.9 mg/L, respectively. The tolerance limits of the test species to SS revealed the various concentration ranges of SS, which reflects the physiology and ecology of the test species. These results are very valuable for the determination of SS concentration of effluents released into the coastal area by dredging, reclamation and construction etc. Also, sharp increase of SS can cause long-term damages to the benthic and sessile fauna by blanketing of benthic substratum. These experimental procedures for marine bioassay and acute toxicity results can be a useful guideline for practical management planning of SS discharge into coastal area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.215-225
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• 2002

In order to evaluate the relationship between geochemical characteristics and benthic facies of the sediments from the Oenaro Island where red tide proliferation is first observed every year including this year, surface and short multiple core sediment samples were analyzed in terms of geochemical and benthic facies variation. The contents of organic carbon, carbonate, and sulfide gas were relatively low. The variation in C/N ratios, which indicate nature of organic carbon, suggested that the organic carbon recorded in the study area is composed of mixtures of marine and terrigenous organic matters. The concentration of minor elements found at the surface and multiple core sediment samples were also low as well as the enrichment factors(Ef) for the seven heavy metals indicated that the sediment of this area is not polluted significantly. The macrobenthic faunal community comprised 61 species, and their mean density was 708 ind./m2. Polychaete worms were major taxa of this benthic community. A crustacean amphipod, Melita sp. was the most abundant species accounted for 20.7% of total abundance, and the small polychaetes such as Heteromastus filiformis, Paralacydonia poradoxa, Magelona japonica and Sigambra tentaculata were the next dominant species. The macrobenthos around the Oenaro Island were more diverse and abundant than that in Gamak Bay. The benthic communities in the study area sustained somewhat different species composition based on the cluster analysis and the MDS ordination. The benthic community health condition at three stations seemed to be unbalanced, and slightly polluted based on the biological index such as BPI and BC. There was no clear relationship between the geochemistry characteristic and the benthic faunal facies attributed by the micro-algal blooms in this coastal area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.655-671
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• 2016

The distribution characteristics of functional feeding groups and biological evaluation of water quality with benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated from 2013 to 2014 in the mountain streams of Jirisan National Park. Both quantitative and qualitative collection had been performed six times during study periods in twelve sites located at upstream, midstream and downstream of four valleys, Chilsungol, Baemsagol, Daesunggol and Piagol of freshwater ecosystem in Jirisan National Park. As results, the total collected benthic macroinvertebrates were 3 phyla, 4 classes, 11 orders, 37 families, 107 species and 4,028 individuals. In 2013, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 10 orders, 32 families, 89 species and 1,829 individuals were collected. And in 2014, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 9 orders, 31 families, 80 species and 2,199 individuals were identified. The total dominant species was Ecdyonurus kibumensis, and EPT groups occupied 80.39% of total species number. Biotic indices were also compared to site and to season. The dominant index (DI) was highest at the downstream of Baemsagol in the spring of 2013, and the evenness index (J') was highest at the downstream of Daesunggol in the summer of 2013. Both diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were highest at the upstream of Baemsagol in the summer of 2014. The correlation between altitude above sea level and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates was also researched in this study. As a result, the species number of shredders and predators have significantly increased according to the increase of the altitude of their habitat. On the other hand, individuals of gathering collectors have increased according to the increase of altitude. The biological water quality was evaluated and compared with several methods in this study, and we suggest that ESB and GPI are more appropriate than KSI and BMI to evaluate biological water quality of mountain stream water.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2010

Octopus(Octopus minor), benthic cephalopod, were collected from intertidal zone in Seosan, Choongnam and analyzed for polybrominted diphenyl ethers(PBDEs). PBDEs concentrations ranged from 29 to 109 ng/g lipid wt(mean; 54 ng/g) in mantle and from 12 to 89 ng/g lipid wt(mean; 48 ng/g) in internal organ. PBDEs concentrations in octopus internal organ were lower about two times than that in common squid collected in Yellow Sea, indicating Seosan is relatively less contaminated with PBDEs. Major congener was BDE 206, occupying 72% and 49% of total PBDE concentration in mantle and in internal organ, respectively, which is very different from PBDE composition in common squid with major congeners of BDE 47 and 99. From PBDE composition, octopus seemed to concentrate higher brominated BDE rather than lower brominated BDE. This PBDE composition in octopus may be affected by sediment with extremely high contribution of deca-BDE to total PBDE concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.92-97
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• 2003

Community structure of macrobenthos was studied on Angol clam farming ground of Chinhae Bay in the southern coast of Korea. Macrobenthos samples were collected monthly using a quadrate at each station from March 1998. Macrobenthos samples were seived by 1.0mm mesh seive. Mean grain size was 0.267 mm. A total of 111 macrobenthos species were sampled with a mean density of 1,651ind/m$^2$and biomass of 1466.7wwt.g/m$^2$. Annelida was density-dominant faunal group with a mean density of 818ind/m$^2$, comprising of 49.6% of the total density of the macrobenthos. It was followed by Mollusca with 660ind/m$^2$(40.0%). Mollusca was biomass-dominant faunal group. Major dominant species in the number of individual were Ruditapes philippinarum (375ind/m$^2$), Batillaria cumingi (208ind/m$^2$), Cirrformia tentaculata (167ind/m$^2$), Ceratonereis erithraeensis (151ind/m$^2$), Capitella capitata (111ind/m$^2$) and Sigambra tentaculata (91ind/m$^2$). Major dominant species in the biomass were Ruditapes philippinarum (1156.6wwt.g/m$^2$), Batillaria cumingi (111.0wwt.g/m$^2$) and Cyclina sinenis (106.2wwt.g/m$^2$). The species diversity was increased gradually during the study period. Increasing of species diversity was due to not only increasing of number of species but also decreasing of dominance of some polycheates. Contents of silt-clay was increased gradually in the intertidal zone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.33-47
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of eco-friendly restoration in forested bog on the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate community. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 1,071 individuals, 60 species, 40 families, 13 orders, 6 classes and 5 phyla. At the control and Site 3(small dam), the number of species and individuals were larger than that of other sites, and EPT group ratio was same as well. Considered by index, the dominance index (DI) was found the highest at the biotope area. The diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were the highest at the control and Site 3. In addition, the ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate (ESB) showed the highest at site 3, while the lowest at biotope area. The stability and recovery of benthic macrointebrates showed different according to restoration types at forested bog. After restoration project, the benthic macroinvertebrates were observed to get recovery at Site 3, and to have the highest communities stability at control and Site 3. At biotope areas (Site 4, Site 5 and Site 6) communities stability were the lowest, but showed different community stability values according to the presence of water. It is confirmed that the eco-friendly restoration projects indeed provided the better environment for the inhabitation of benthic macroinvertebrate community. The change of community index depending on the restoration projects suggests that the eco-friendly restoration can provide a more suitable environment for benthic macroinvertebrate ecosystem that prefers the stream environment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.99-120
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• 2023

The community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in Upo wetland was identified, and the biological water quality was evaluated. In addition, through statistical analysis of current and literature data, ecological changes over time were evaluated for each wetland. Benthos were quantitatively collected in March, June, and September of 2020 and 2021, and 4 phyla, 5 classes, 16 orders, 42 families, 81 species and 3,406 individuals were identified. In the functional feeding group of Upo wetland, predators were dominant with 34 species (45.95%) and 1,504 individuals (41.84%). In the habitual dwelling group, sprawlers and swimmers showed the highest proportion in the number of species and individuals. Average biological indices in Mokpo and Upo were the highest and lowest, respectively, and it is considered that Mokpo maintains the healthy ecosystem for benthic macroinvertebrates. Community stability was high in Upo, and other wetlands are thought to be stabilizing. The ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community is considered to be more suitable index among three biological water quality evaluation indices for the environmental evaluation of Upo wetland. The evaluation results on changes in environmental quality showed that Upo has stable ecosystem without significant change, Mokpo and Sajipo have significant increases in some indices.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.149-169
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• 2022

Hwapocheon stream is located in Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, and a part was declared a protected wetland area in 2017. In 2020 and 2021, we investigated the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates of the Hwapocheon stream to provide ecological information for the management of the wetland. As a result, 4 phyla, 6 classes, 20 orders, 51 families, 83 species, and 2,621 individuals of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified. The average indices of diversity, richness, and evenness were the highest in the midstream area, whereas the highest average index of dominance was observed upstream. Seven biological water quality evaluations based on the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates showed that the Biological Monitoring Working Party was an extremely suitable method for environmental evaluation of the Hwapocheon stream. Regarding functional feeding groups, the number of species of predators and gathering-collectors was the highest, and considering habitual dwelling groups, the number of species of clingers and sprawlers was the highest. The species number of Odonata, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera increased toward the downstream area, whereas the community loss index was the highest upstream. We also investigated relative resistance and resilience based on the distribution of aquatic insects and found that community stability was the highest downstream, whereas the lowest upstream.